Beside the Ocean : Coastal Landscapes at the Bay of Skaill, Marwick, and Birsay Bay, Orkney / David Griffiths, Jane Harrison, and Michael Athanson.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Griffiths, David, 1965- author.

Harrison, Jane, 1962- author.

Athanson, Michael, 1977- author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Excavations (Archaeology)--Scotland--Orkney.

Excavations (Archaeology).

Vikings--Scotland--Orkney--History.

Vikings.

Viking antiquities--Scotland--Orkney.

Viking antiquities.

Orkney (Scotland)--Antiquities.

Orkney (Scotland).

Physical Description:

1 online resource (599 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Oxford, England : Oxbow Books, [2019]

Summary:

The Bay of Skaill, Marwick Bay, and Birsay Bay form openings in the high sandstone cliffs of Orkney's Atlantic coast. These west-facing bays have long been favored locations for settlement, with access to the ocean, to fresh water, to land and to resources for cultivation. The coastline of Orkney's North-West Mainland is recognized worldwide as a location of exceptional archaeological importance, dominated by the Neolithic world heritage site of Skara Brae, and the Viking-Norse remains on the tidal Brough of Birsay. Many of its archaeological sites have been exposed by coastal erosion, a serious problem which continues its destructive progress with every oceanic storm. Rescue excavation has contributed essential data, but its resources have concentrated on the zone of immediate threat, and until recently less has been understood about the archaeology of the landscape that lies behind the eroding shore. From 2003, a new archaeological research project began to investigate the hinterlands of the three bays. Using the rapidly-developing applications of archaeological geophysics, coupled with topographical survey, it has sought to create a broader and better-informed landscape context. Much of the land is dominated by windblown sand, at the Bay of Skaill and Birsay Bay in particular, reflecting centuries of environmental change, and requiring adaptive methodologies and approaches. Several new areas of archaeological interest have been identified, and many previously-known sites are now better-understood. Excavation was used selectively to test the survey results. In one area in particular, a cluster of large settlement mounds on the northern side of the Bay of Skaill, two major Viking-Norse settlement clusters were identified and investigated. These held exceptionally well-preserved deposits, which have required detailed dating and analysis. The artifact assemblages include evidence for ferrous metalworking along with iron and copper alloy objects, combs, glass and amber beads, worked stone, ceramics, and a range of archaeobotanical and archaeozoological remains. A Viking silver hoard discovered in 1858 and a Viking grave uncovered in 1888 are revisited. This monograph brings together the survey and excavation results, and tells a new story of an ancient landscape.

Contents:

Intro

Title

Copyright

Contents

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

List of contributors

List of figures

List of tables

Abbreviations used in text

1. Introduction

2. Past archaeological research

3. Landscape surveys 2003-2015

4. Excavations

5. Dating and chronology

6. Geoarchaeology

7. Geochemical intra-site mapping: Inorganic and organic

8. Archaeobotanical evidence: Carbonised plant macrofossils and charcoal

9. Archaeozoological evidence: The faunal assemblages

10. Fish remains

11. Ferrous metalworking: Vitrified material

12. Iron and lead finds

13. Copper-alloy finds

14. Combs

15. Worked bone

16. Glass and amber beads

17. Glass linen smoother

18. Worked stone (non-steatite)

19. Steatite

20. Ceramics

21. The 1858 Skaill Viking-Age silver hoard

22. The 1888 Skaill Viking grave

23. A Viking-Age bone strap-end from St Peter's Kirk, Bay of Skaill

24. The 'Fin King' folktale

25. Synthesis and discussion

26. Conclusion

Bibliography.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

9781789250992

1789250994

9781789250978

1789250978

OCLC:

1314614624