The Red Sea Region Between War and Reconciliation / Shaul Shay.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Shay, Shaul, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Government, Resistance to.

Civil disobedience.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (233 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Eastbourne, England : Sussex Academic Press, [2019]

Summary:

The Red Sea is one of the worlds most important trade routes, a theater of power struggle among local, regional and global powers. Military and political developments continue to impact on the geostrategic landscape of the region in the context of its trade thoroughfare for Europe, China, Japan and India; freedom of navigation is a strategic interest for Egypt, and essential for Israels economic ties with Asia. Superpower confrontation is inevitable. China, the US, France, Japan and Saudi Arabia have military bases in Djibouti. US strategy seeks to curb Chinese economic influence and Russian political interference in the region through diplomacy and investment. And at the centre of US alliances is the war on terror still prevalent in the Middle East and East Africa: Islamic terror groups Al Shabaab in Somalia and Kenya; Al Qaeda of the Arab Peninsula in Yemen; and the Islamic State in Egypt. The civil war in Yemen has become the arena for Iran and Saudi Arabias struggle for regional hegemony. Saudi Arabias Sunni Arab coalition have been fighting Iranian-backed Shiite Houthi rebels to a stalemate (December 2018). In 2016 Egypt ceded Saudi Arabia the Tiran and Sanafir Islands, the narrow sea passages between the Sinai and Arabian peninsulas, giving control of the entire length of the Red Sea. This, and other perceived positive geostrategic developments, have to be offset by the nuclearization of the Red Sea basin (directed in part by Russian foreign policy) and the dangers of multiple country military deployments in the hubs of radical Islam and terrorism potential. A stable future for the region cannot be taken for granted. And as alliances shift and change, so will Israels foreign policy and strategic partnerships have to adjust.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Contents

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

Introduction

The Red Sea Region between War and Reconciliation

Competition between powers

Regional competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia

The terror threat

The "Arab Red Sea"

Regional reconciliation and peace initiatives

1 Main Disputes in the Red Sea Region

The Iran-Saudi Arabia Conflict

The conflict escalates

The war in Yemen

The Nile River Disputes (Egypt-Sudan-Ethiopia)

Distribution of the Nile waters (The Entebbe Agreement)

Cooperative Framework Agreement of the Nile Basin countries (CFA)

The "Renaissance Dam" Crisis

Milestones of the negotiations

The Egyptian initiative to involve the World Bank

The tripartite summit in Addis Ababa (January 29, 2018)

Visit of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed in Egypt (June 2018)

Summary

"Love-hate" Relations between Egypt and Sudan

Dispute over the Halayeb border region

The Halayeb "oil bid" dispute

Sudan takes the Ethiopian side in the dispute over GERD

The "Suakin island" crisis

Turkey to rebuild a ruined Ottoman port city at Suakin

Support to opposition groups

Egypt and Sudan back different sides in the Libyan conflict

Egypt and Sudan make efforts to improve relations

Internal turmoil in Sudan

The economic crisis (2018-2019)

The fall of Omar al Bashir

US sanctions on Bashir's regime

Ethiopia-Eritrea Relations: From War to Peace

Ethiopia's New Prime Minister - Abiy Ahmed99

Milestones in the reconciliation process

The UAE and Saudi Arabia: The peace process between Eritrea and Ethiopia

The United States: The peace process between Ethiopia and Eritrea

Djibouti and Eritrea

Eritrea and UN sanctions

The Djibouti-Eritrea territorial dispute (2017)

The African Union (AU) and UN Security Council.

The Chinese proposal

Peace negotiations between Eritrea and Djibouti

The Saudi peace initiative

Reconciliation between Somalia and Eritrea

The Consultative Tripartite Summits

Conflict between Somalia and the Republic of Somaliland

The Berbera port dispute

Ethiopian mediation

2 The War in Yemen

The Civil War in Yemen (2011-2014)

The National Dialogue Conference (NDC)

The challenge of separatism of the South

The Houthi challenge in Yemen

Houthi victory and the Iranian threat (2014-2015)

"Decisive Storm": Geopolitical Balance of the Red Sea Region

Operation" Decisive Storm": Diplomatic initiatives

Main achievements of "Decisive Storm"

UAE Forces in Assab and the battle of Aden (April-May2015)

The liberation of Aden: Operation "Golden Arrow"

War over the Bab el-Mandeb Strait and the Red Sea Coastline

Liberation of the Bab el-Mandeb Strait

Operation "Golden Spear"

The liberation of Mokha

The liberation of Midi

Yemen's Port City - Hodeidah

Operation to liberate Hodeidah - Operation "Golden Victory"

Failure of negotiation and the attack on Hodeidah

The Stockholm Agreement (December 13, 2018)

Implementation of the Stockholm agreement

Iran and the Stockholm agreement

Rise and Fall of the Salah-Houthi Alliance

The Salah-Houthi alliance

End of the alliance

The Houthi Maritime Threat

Attack on oil and gas tankers near Bab ae-Mandeb (attack on Galicia Spirit gas tanker)

Attack on MT Muskie in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait

Anti-ship missiles

Unmanned, remote-controlled craft filled with explosives

The threat of naval mines

Houthi Surface-to-Surface Missile Threat

Iran and the missile offensive against Saudi Arabia and UAE

3 The Terror Threat in the Region

Egypt and the Islamic Terror Threat

The Muslim Brotherhood.

Ansar Bait al-Maqdis (ABM)

Alliance with Islamic State (IS)

Examples of Wilayat Sinai terror attacks

The "Hasm" group

Examples of Hasm terror attacks:

The al-Qaeda affiliated groups

Murabitoun and Ansar Al-Islam

The comprehensive Operation Sinai 2018 (COS 2018)

Civilian development plans

Egypt's war against the tunnels between Sinai and Gaza Strip (2019)

Egypt's war against Islamic extremism

Al-Qaeda of the Arab Peninsula (AQAP)

AQAP and territorial control

The battles of Zinjibar

The battle of Mukalla

AQAP's financial resources

The AQAP and the Houthis (2014 - 2015)

The Saudi coalition and AQAP

AQAP as an international terror threat

AQAP's main international terror plots and attacks

Examples of international terror attacks

AQAP and Al-Shabaab Al-Mujahideen

The Islamic State (IS) in Yemen

The US War Against Al-Qaeda and IS in Yemen

Counter-terror policy of Trump's administration

US aerial counter-terror operations in Yemen

US Special Forces and ground forces operations in Yemen

The Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen - Somalia

Links to Al-Qaeda

The fall and "come back" of Al-Shabaab

Main areas of operations in Somalia

Attacks in Somalia

A regional and global threat

Attacks in Kenya

Examples of Al-Shabaab attacks

Economic resources of Al-Shabaab

The Islamic State (IS) in Somalia

Terror attacks in Somalia

US Involvement in Somalia

Piracy and Terror in the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea Region

4 Civilian and Commercial Development of the Region

The Chinese "One Belt, One Road" Strategy

The Suez Canal Expansion

The "New Suez Canal"

The economic significance for Egypt

The Suez Canal Economic Zone (SCZone)

Agreement between Egypt and Saudi Arabia on Tiran and Sanafir islands.

Bridge over the Tiran Strait: Benefits and costs

Israeli perspective on the Egyptian-Saudi Arabian Bridge

Saudi Arabia and the NEOM Project

Egypt

Jordan

Ethiopia - The Grand Renaissance Dam (GERD)

Development of Ports along the Red Sea

Saudi Arabia

The UAE's "port strategy"

UAE and the Doraleh Container Terminal (DCT) dispute with Djibouti

Somaliland - Berbera port

Ethiopia - Access to the Red Sea

Ethiopia-Djibouti relations

5 Military Deployment in the Region

Djibouti

The United States

China

The official goals of China in Djibouti

US-China competition

Russia

The EU and the Red Sea region

France

Japan

The Royal Saudi Naval (RSN) Forces and the Red Sea

The Royal Saudi Naval (RSN) forces

The Royal Saudi Navy and the war in Yemen

The Saudi Naval Expansion Program-II (SNEP-II)

United Arab Emirates (UAE) Involvement in the Red Sea Region

UAE intervention in Yemen

Eritrea

Somalia

Somaliland

Puntland

The Egyptian Navy in the Red Sea

Turkey and the "Red Sea"

Neo-Ottomanism

The Qatar connection

Sudan

Military cooperation: Turkey-Sudan-Qatar

Land-locked Ethiopia: A New Navy

Search for a military naval base

France-Ethiopia military agreement (March 2019)

6 "Nuclearization" of the Region

Russian Nuclear Energy Sales to the Red Sea Region

Egypt and Nuclear Energy

The nuclear plant of El-Dabaa

Threat of a nuclear weapon program

Saudi Arabia and Nuclear Energy

Russia and China

The nuclear fuel cycle

The NPT

Egypt-Saudi Arabia nuclear cooperation

Nuclear Energy in Jordan

South Korea

Jordan-Saudi Arabia nuclear cooperation

Sudan and Nuclear Energy

Ethiopia and Nuclear Energy.

Radiation &amp

Nuclear Protection Authority

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Summary and Conclusions

7 The "Arab Red Sea"

The Arab and African Coastal States of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden (AARSGA)

Military exercise, "Red Wave 1"

The Saudi cabinet reviews the formation of AARSGA (January 2019)

The Cairo meeting (February 2019)

The Riyadh meeting (April 2019)

The US "Middle East Strategic Alliance" - The "Arab NATO"

The milestones in the process to form MESA

Taskforce on the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden by IGAD

The decision to form the Taskforce on the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden

The Arabian Red Sea - "Pax Arabica"

Notes

Index

Back Cover.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9781802071689

1802071687

9781782846666

1782846662

OCLC:

1350424354