Livestock : rearing, farming practices and diseases / M. Tariq Javed, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Tariq Javed, M.

Series:

Animal science, issues, and professions series.

Animal science, issues and professions

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Livestock--Diseases.

Livestock.

Feeds.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (268 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science, 2012.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This book presents current research in the study of livestock, with a particular focus on livestock rearing, farming practices and associated diseases. Topics discussed include a new generation of dietary supplements with microelements for livestock; pastoralism and the changing climate in northern Kenya; Bangladesh poultry sector; parasitic diseases in livestock under different farming practices; salmonella and salmonellosis in animals and humans; bovine tuberculosis at the human-animal interface and anthelmintic resistance.

Contents:

Intro

LIVESTOCK REARING, FARMING PRACTICES AND DISEASES

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1 PASTORALISM AND THE CHANGING CLIMATE IN THE ARID NORTHERN KENYA

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Study Area

2.1. Climate

2.2. Economic Activity

2.2.1. Vulnerability of Pastoralists

2.3. Water Resources

2.4. Vegetation

3. Effects of Extreme Climatic Events on Pastoralism

3.1. Droughts

3.2.Floods

3.3. Other Challenges Faced by Pastoralists in Arid Northern Kenya

4. Coping and Adaptive Strategies

4.1. Out Migration

4.2. Diversification of Livestock Type

4.3. Increase of Livestock during Inter Drought Periods

4.4. Diversification of Livelihood Sources

4.5. Moving to Higher Land during Flood

4.6. Homemade Arms

4.7. Alteration of Traditional Mobility

5. Conclusion

References

Chapter 2 NEW GENERATION OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS WITH MICROELEMENTS FOR LIVESTOCK - POSSIBILITIES AND PROSPECTS

2. The Biological Function of Trace-Elements

2.1. Zinc

2.2. Copper (Cu)

2.3. Iron

2.4. Chromium

2.5. Selenium (Se)

2.6. Manganese

3. Trace-Elements' Deficiencies

3.1. Hypocuprosis

3.2. Zinc (Zn)

3.3. Manganese (Mn)

3.4. Chromium (Cr)

4. Microelement Supplements in the Market and Their Bioavailability

5. Biological Microelement Feed Additives

6. Biosorption Application in the Production of New Generation Feed Supplements

6.1. Biosorption - General Information

6.2. Biosorption - Mechanism

6.3. Biosorption - Effects of Application in Animal Feeding

7. Conclusions

Chapter 3 SOY PROTEIN PRODUCTS: ANTI-NUTRITIONAL FACTORS, CLASSIFICATION, PROCESSING, QUALITY ASSESSMENT, NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND APPLICATION IN ANIMAL FEED

1. Introduction.

1.1. World Oil Seed Production

1.2. Soy Protein in Animal Nutrition

2. Soy Anti-Nutritional Factors (ANFs)

2.1. Heat Labile ANFs

2.1.1. Trypsin Inhibitor Activity (TIA)

2.1.2. Lectins

2.2. Heat Stable ANFs

2.2.1. Soy Antigens

2.2.2. Soy Oligosaccharides

2.2.3. Saponins

2.2.4. Phytic Acid

2.2.5. Other ANFs

2.3. Summary

3. Production Process and Classifications

3.1. Production Process

3.2. Effect of Production Process on Animal Performance

3.3. Classification of Soy Products

4. Nutritional Value

4.1. Nutritional Value of Different Soy Protein Products

4.2. Variation in SBM Composition

4.2.1. Variation in Origin

4.2.2. Variation in Years

4.3. Digestibility

4.3.1. Soy Processing and Digestibility

4.3.2. Soy Composition vs Digestibility

4.3.3. Digestibility of Highly Processed Soy Protein Product

4.3.4. AA Digestibility of Intact Soy Protein vs Hydrolyzed Peptides

5. Quality Assessment

5.1. Quality Assessment Methods

5.1.1. Methods Commonly Used for Soybean Meal Quality Assessment

5.1.2. Comparison of TIA with PDI, KOH Protein Solubility and Urease Index

5.1.3. The Sensitivity of KOH Protein Solubility

5.1.4 In Vitro Digestible AA and Heat Damage Indicator (HDI)

5.2. SBM Quality

5.3. Quality Assessment of Soy Protein Concentrate

6. Application

6.1. Basic Processed Soy Protein

6.2. Highly Processed Soy Protein

Chapter 4 BANGLADESH POULTRY SECTOR: GROWTH, COMPETITIVENESS AND FUTURE POTENTIAL

2. The Poultry Farming System in Bangladesh

3. Overview of Poultry Sector

3.1. Trends in Poultry Population and Meat Production in Bangladesh

3.2. Per Capita Consumption of Meat

3.3. Wholesale and Retail Price of Poultry

3.4. The Demand: Income Elasticity of Poultry Meat and Eggs.

4. GovernmentPoliciesand Strategies for PoultrySectorDevelopment

(I) Input Supply and Pricing

(II) Emphasis on Small Producers

(III) Import Policy

(IV)Credit Scheme

4.1. Present Status of the Inputs Market Structure

4.1.1. Progress of Hatcheries

4.1.2. Progress of Feed Mills

4.1.3. VeterinaryDrugs

4.1.4. PoultryEquipments

4.2. Farmers' Knowledge, Training on Technical Knowledge

4.3. Cost Competitiveness

5. Discussions, Conclusions and Policy Implications

Chapter 5 PARASITIC DISEASES IN LIVESTOCK UNDER DIFFERENT FARMING PRACTICES: POSSIBILITIES FOR THEIR CONTROL

1.1. Typical Farming Procedures

1.2. Other Farming Measures

2. Analysis of Parasitic Infections Affecting Livestock under Different Farming Types

2.1. Cattle

2.2. Goats

2.3. Sheep

2.4. Horses

2.5. Pigs

3. Relationship between Farming Type and Livestock Parasitic Infections

4. Possibilities for the Control of Parasitic Infections in Livestock under Different Farming Regimes

4.1. Methods for the Detection of Parasites In Livestock

4.2. Action on Livestock: Chemotherapy

4.3. Action to the Environment

Acknowledgments

Chapter 6 ANIMAL TRYPANOSOMOSIS: AN IMPORTANT CONSTRAINT FOR LIVESTOCK IN TROPICAL AND SUB-TROPICAL REGIONS

2. Section Stercoraria

2.1. Trypanosoma theileri

2.2. Trypanosoma cruzi

3. Section Salivaria

3.1. Tsetse Transmitted Animal Trypanosomes:Trypanosoma vivax, Trypanosoma congolense, Trypanosoma brucei brucei

3.2. Non Tsetse Transmitted Animal Trypanosomes

3.2.1. Trypanosoma evansi

3.2.2. Trypanosoma equiperdum

4. Animal Trypanosomosis: Economic Impact in the Infected Areas

4.1. Africa

4.2. Latin America

4.3. Asia

5. Control Programs.

5.1. Trypanocide Drugs

5.2. Control Programs against Vectors

6. Conclusions

Chapter 7 SURVEILLANCE AND MANAGEMENT OF TRYPANOSOMIASIS IN CATTLE HERDS IN KAURU AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

2. Rationale for the Study

3. African Trypanosomiasis

3.1. Nagana

4. Trypanosomal Parasites

5. Study Objectives

5.1. Main Objective

5.2. Specific Objectives

6. Methodology

6.1. Study Design

6.2. Study Area

6.3. Study Population

6.4. Entomological Surveys

6.5. Animal Sampling and Diagnosis

6.6. Treatment of Cattle

6.7. Focus Group Discussion

6.8. Data Analysis

7. Results

7.1. Entomological Data

7.2. Trypanosome Prevalence

7.3. Packed Cell Volume

7.4 Knowledge, Attitude, Perception and Treatment Seeking Behaviour of Respondents

7.5 Socio-Economic effects

7.6 Interview with Head of Agriculture Department

7.7. Intervention Measures for Control of Trypanosomiasis

7.8. Evaluating Effectiveness of the Intervention Measures

8. Strategies and Opportunity for Sustainable Control of Trypanosomiasis

9. Conclusions and Recommendations

9.1. Conclusions

9.2. Recommendations

Chapter 8 ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE A GIANT OBSTACLE FOR LIVESTOCK WORM CONTROL IN CURRENT ERA: A CHALLENGE

1. History

2. Introduction

3. How to Test Anthelmintic Resistance Developed in Parasites

3.1. Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT)

3.2. Larval Development Assay (LDA)

3.3. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

4. Anthelmintics for the Parasitesof Livestock

5. Mechanisms of Resistance Developed by Parasites against Anthelmintics

6. How to Combat Resistance Problems

References.

Chapter 9 SALMONELLA AND SALMONELLOSIS IN ANIMALS AND HUMANS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOGENICITY, CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND TREATMENT

2. Epidemiology of Salmonella

3. Pathogenicity and Clinical Signs in Human and Animal Species

3.1. Clinical Sings in Humans

3.1.1. Enteric Fever

3.1.2. Gastroenteritis

3.1.3. Bacteremia and Other Complications of Non-Typhoidal Salmonellosis

3.2. Clinical Sings in Animals

3.2.1. Livestock

3.2.1.1. Cattle and Small Ruminants

3.2.1.2. Pigs

3.2.1.3. Poultry

3.2.2. Companion Animals

3.2.2.1. Horses

3.2.2.2. Dogs and Cats

3.2.2.3. Rabbits and Rodents

3.2.2.4. Birds

3.2.2.5. Reptiles and Amphibians

3.3. Chronic Carrier State in Animals and Humans

4. Treatment and Antimicrobial Resistance

4.1. Treatment of Salmonellosis in Animals

4.2. Treatment of Salmonellosis in Humans

4.3. Antimicrobial Resistance

5. Salmonella as a Food Safety Problem and its Control

Chapter 10 BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS AT THE HUMAN-ANIMAL INTERFACE, SITUATION AND POSSIBLE RISK FACTORS OF DISEASE IN ANIMALS IN PAKISTAN, FUTURE OF DISEASE AND ACTION PLAN

1. Bovine Tuberculosis at the Human-Animal Interface

2. A Brief Account of Prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis in Pakistan

3. Prevalence and Risk Factors Identified in Small Ruminants [36]

4. Prevalenceand Risk Factors Identified in Cattle at 11 Experiment Stations [48]

5. Prevalence and Risk Factors Identified in Buffaloes around Two Cities [35]

6. Prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis in Zoo Animals in Pakistan [64]

7. Future of Diseasein Pakistan and Action Plan

Chapter 11 PARATUBERCULOSIS (JOHNE´S DISEASE): CLINICAL SIGNS, DIAGNOSIS, LESIONS, PROPHYLAXIS/ TREATMENT/CONTROL AND ZOONOTIC POTENTIAL

Abstract.

1. Introduction.

Notes:

Includes index.

ISBN:

1-62100-192-X