Encyclopedia of sports and athletics / Jack L. Murray and Emily O. Watson, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Murray, Jack L.

Watson, Emily O.

Series:

Sports and athletics preparation, performance, and psychology series.

Sports and athletics preparation, performance, and psychology series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Sports sciences--Encyclopedias.

Sports sciences.

Athletics--Encyclopedias.

Athletics.

Sports--Physiological aspects--Encyclopedias.

Sports.

Sports--Psychological aspects--Encyclopedias.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (664 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2012.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This book presents and discusses current research in the study of sports and athletics. Topics discussed include the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise; the role of physical exercise in Parkinson's disease; the health benefits of aerobic activity and physical fitness in young people; physiological evaluation of athletic performance in cyclic sports; social and environmental influences on athlete motivation in sports; self-talk in sports; mental toughness; the role of physical activity in the treatment and prevention of anxiety and depression in children and being superstitious in sports. (Imprint: Nova Biomedical Press)

Contents:

Intro

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SPORTS AND ATHLETICS

Contents

Preface

Aerobic Exercise in Special Populations

Abstract

1. Osteoporosis

1.1 Disease Characteristics

1.2 Aerobic Exercise and Osteoporosis

1.3 Mechanism of Action

1.4 Physical Exercise Prescription in Osteoporosis

2. Rheumatoid Arthritis

2.1 Disease Characteristics

2.2 Aerobic Exercise and Rheumatoid Arthritis

2.3 Mechanism of Action

2.4 Physical Exercise Prescription in Rheumatoid Arthritis

3. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

3.1 Disease Characteristics

3.2 Aerobic Exercise and Lupus

3.3 Mechanism of Action

3.4 Physical Exercise Prescription in Sle

4. Fibromyalgia

4.1 Disease Characteristics

4.2 Fibromyalgia and Aerobic Exercise

4.3 Mechanism of Action

4.4 Aerobic Exercise Prescription for FM

5. Obesity

5.1 Characteristics of the Illness

5.2 Aerobic Exercise and Obesity

5.3 Mechanism of Action

5.4 Physical Exercise Prescription in Obesity

6. Hypertension

6.1 Disease Characteristics

6.2 Aerobic Exercise and Hypertension

6.3 Mechanism of Action

6.4 Physical Exercise Prescription in Hypertension

7. Diabetes Mellitus

7.1 Disease Characteristics

7.2 Aerobic Exercise and Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus type 1:

Diabetes mellitus type 2

7.3 Mechanism of Action

7.4. Physical Exercise Prescription in Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus type 1

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

8. Cardiovascular Disease

8.1 Disease Characteristics

8.2 Aerobic Exercise and Cardiovascular Disease

8.3 Mechanism of Action

8.4 Physical Exercise Prescription in Cardiovascular Disease

9. Asthma

9.1 Basic Aspects of the Illness

9.2 Aerobic Exercise and Asthma

9.3 Mechanism of Action

9.4 Physical Exercise Prescription in Asthma.

10. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

10.1 Disease Characteristics

10.2 Aerobic Exercise and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

10.3 Mechanism of Action

10.4 Physical Exercise Prescription in COPD

11. Multiple Sclerosis

11.1 Disease Characteristics

11.2 Aerobic Exercise and Multiple Sclerosis

11.3 Mechanism of Action

11.4 Physical Exercise Prescription in MS

12. Crohn's Disease

12.1 Basic Aspects of the Illness

12.2 Aerobic Exercise and Crohn Disease

12.3 Mechanism of Action

12.4 Physical Exercise Prescription in CD

References

The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Exercise

Introduction

Components of the Inflammatory Response

Evidences for Inflammation in Chronic Diseases: Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation

Acute Effects of Exercise on Immune Function

Acute Exercise and Circulating Cytokine Levels

Anti-inflammatory Response Induced by Acute Exercise: Role of IL-6

Influence of Exercise Intensity and Duration

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Chronic Moderate Exercise

Mechanisms Involved in the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Moderate Exercise

Conclusion

Brain in Movement: The Role of Physical Exercise in Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's Disease - New Insights for an old Disease

Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease

A genetic hypothesis for Parkinson's disease

Environmental Neurotoxins

Burning Neurons

Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

Pharmacological Treatment

L-dopa

Dopamine agonists

Comt inhibitors

Mao-b inhibitors

Anticholinergics

Amantadine

Surgery

Rehabilitation

Physical Exercise and Brain Health

Physical Exercise and Parkinson's Disease

Clinical Findings of the Role of Physical Exercise in Parkinson's Disease.

Effects of Physical Exercise in Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease

Nutrition Strategy during an Eight-Day Mountainbike Stage Race - A Case Study

Method

Results

Discussion

Protein - A Historical Review

Scientific Studies Considering Plant Based Nutrition Connected to Sports

Growing Interest in Vegetarian Diets

Mountainbike Stage Racing

Methods

Subject

Laboratory Testing

Characteristics of the Race

Collection of Field Data

Performance

Dietary Intake

Environmental Conditions and Fluid Intake

Energy and Macronutrient Intake

Food Groups

Racing in the Heat

Off-Road Cycling

Major Stage Races and Ultraendurance Cycling

Dietary Intake during TAC 2004

Energy Intake from Macronutrients

Dietary Intake in Vegan Athletes

Limitations of this Case Report

Substrates Mobilization and Utilization during Aerobic Exercise: Metabolic Health Benefits

1. Physical Activity Recommendations

1.1. Current Recommendations for Physical Activity Level and Public Health

2. Acute Effect of Exercise on Energy Metabolism

2.1. Effect of Exercise Intensity on Substrates Utilization

2.2. Assessment of Substrates Metabolism during Exercise

2.3. Plasma Free Fatty Acids Utilization

2.4. Intramuscular and Plasma Lipoprotein Derived Triglycerides Utilization

2.5. Acute Regulation of Substrates Metabolism during High Intensity Intermittent Exercise

2.6. Effects of Exercise on Energy Expenditure during Recovery

2.7. Substrate Utilization during Post-Exercise Recovery

3. Effects of Exercise Training on Energy Metabolism

3.1. Adaptations of Muscle Oxidative Capacity with Training

3.2. Adaptations of Muscle Substrates Stores.

4. Specificities of Exercise Training in Children

4.1. Current Guidelines for Young Populations

4.2. Energy Metabolism in Children during Exercise

5. Specificities of Exercise Training in the Elderly

5.1. Important Advance for Physical Activity in Elderly People

5.2. Effects of Acute Exercise on Substrates Utilization

5.3. Effects of Exercise Training

6. Summary and Conclusion

Cardiovascular Adaptation to Aerobic Training in Prepubertal Children

Summary

I. Introduction

II. Measuring the Impact of Exercise on Cardiac Structure and Function

III. Effect of Exercise Training on VO2max in Children

A. Controversial Results from Prior Work

B.) The Magnitude of VO2max Increase in Children

C.) The Impact of Gender on the Vo2max Response to Training

IV. Effect of Exercise Training on Left Ventricular Parameters

Left Ventricular Structure

Left Ventricular Systolic Function

Left Ventricular Diastolic Function

V. Effect of Exercise Training on the Hemodynamic Response to Exercise

Heart Rate during Exercise

Arterial -Venous Oxygen Difference (a-v O2)

Stroke Volume

VI. Effect of Exercise Training on Autonomic Nervous System Function as Reflected by Heart Rate Variability (HRV)

Measurement of HRV

Effects of Exercise Training on HRV

VII. Physiological Factors Responsible for Training-Induced Increases in VO2max

VIII. Conclusions

The Health Benefits of Aerobic Activity and Physical Fitness in Young People

I. The Relationship between Activity, Health and Fitness in Young People

I.1. Definitions of Physical Activity, Health and Fitness

I.2. Physical Activity Guidelines and Young People

I 3. The Adult-Child Relationships between Physical Activity, Health and Fitness

I 4. Physical Activity, Health and Fitness of Children.

I.5. Hypoactivity/Deconditioning Due to Illness - Asthma and Obesity

II. Fitness and Physical Activity in Children with Diseases

II.1. Children with Asthma

II.1.1. Background

II.1.2. Asthma and physical activity

II.1.3. Asthma and Aerobic Fitness

II.1.4. Recommendations

II.2. Obese Children

II.2.1. Background

II.2.2. Obesity and Aerobic Fitness

II.2.3. Exercise training, body composition, blood profile and aerobic fitness

II.2.4. Recommendations

III. Promotion of Health, Physical Activity and Fitness Schemes - Policy and Practice

III.1. Environmental factors

III.2. School Factors

III.3. Local and National Government Policies

IV. Summary and Conclusion

Physical Activity and Women: Unique Issues

Physical Activity during Pregnancy

Outcomes of Pregnancy Exposed to Exercise

Maternal Benefits

Placental Adaptations

Fetal Benefits

Measuring fetal stress

Physiological changes to the neonate: fetal benefits

Exercise during Lactation

Types of Physical Activities

Application

Absolute Contraindications to Aerobic Exercise during Pregnancy (with Permission from ACOG)

Relative Contraindications to Aerobic Exercise during Pregnancy (with Permission from ACOG)

Warning Signs to Terminate Exercise While Pregnant

Biomechanics of Martial Arts and Combative Sports: A Review

1. Introduction

1.1. Different Styles of Martial Arts and Combative Sports

1.1.1. Kung Fu

1.1.2. Karate

1.1.3. Taekwondo

1.1.4. Judo

1.1.5. Boxing

2. Kinetics, Kinematics and Electromyography of Martial Arts and Combative Sports

2.1. Biomechanics of Hand Strikes and Kicks

2.1.1. Kinetics and Kinematics

2.1.2. Electromyography

2.2. Throws and Falls

3. Motor Behaviors and Perceptual Ability.

3.1. Repeatability of Movement.

Notes:

"Nova biomedical."

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-62417-273-3