Frontiers in anti-infective agents. Volume 5 / edited by Parvesh Singh, Vipan Kumar and Rajshekhar Karpoormath.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Singh, Parvesh, Author.

Contributor:

Singh, Parvesh, editor.

Kumar, Vipan, editor.

Karpoormath, Rajshekhar, editor.

Series:

Frontiers in Anti-Infective Agents

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Anti-infective agents.

Communicable diseases in pregnancy.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (242 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Singapore : Bentham Science Publishers, [2021]

Summary:

Antibiotic administration in pregancy, SARS-COV-2, Vikut® formula, antivirals, antimicrobials, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, vaccine technology, Natural Products, Tuberculosis drugs Phage Therapy, Quorum sensing, Leptospirosis, ocular infections, coronavirus

Contents:

Cover

Title

Copyright

End User License Agreement

Contents

Preface

List of Contributors

Anti-Infective Agents in Ocular Treatment and New Approaches

Meltem Ezgi Durgun1,*, Sevgi Güngör1 and Yıldız Özsoy1

INTRODUCTION

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND PHARMACOKINETIC OF EYE

OCULAR İNFECTİONS

Keratitis

Conjunctivitis

Endophthalmitis

Uveitis

Scleritis

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS USED IN OCULAR TREATMENT

OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Microparticles and Nanoparticles

Solid Lipid Microparticles and Nanoparticles

Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions

Nanosuspensions

Micelles

Liposomes

Niosomes

Spanlastics

Bilosomes

Cubosomes

Dendrimers

Hydrogels

Ocular Inserts, Implants, Lenses And Other Devices

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Propitious Development of Vaccines for SARS-CoV

Palaniswamy Rani1,*, Balasubramanian Ayshwariya1, Ramesh Harisharan1 and Bhavananthi Ilackkeya1

SARS VIRUS

SARS Virus Family and Genome

SARS Virus Structure

Pathogenesis

Immune Response

Clinical symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

VACCINE DEVELOPMENT

Pipeline

Reverse Vaccinology Approach in SARS-COV-2 Vaccine Design

Vaccine Platform

Oral Vaccines

Live Attenuated Vaccines

Inactivated Vaccines

Protein Subunit Vaccine

Viral Vector Vaccines

mRNA Vaccine

DNA Vaccines

Animal Models

CHALLENGES IN VACCINE DEVELOPMENT

CONCLUSION

Potassium Permanganate, the Vikut® Formula, an Innovation using non-antibiotic Antimicrobial Agents to Treat both Chronic and Non-chronic Wounds: A Clinical Approach with Scientific Evidence.

Agustín Lara-Esqueda1,*, Iván Delgado-Enciso1, Agustín D. Lara-Basulto1 and Margarita Balayan1

THE ADVENT OF THE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

Antibiotics: What are They, and How do They Work?

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

β-lactams

Macrolides

Tetracycline

Quinolones

Aminoglycosides

Sulfonamides

Glycopeptides (GPA's)

Polymyxins

Oxazolidinones

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON ITS MECHANISM OF ACTION

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Disruption of the structure or function of the cell membrane

Inhibition of nucleic acid structure or function

Inhibition of protein synthesis

Blocking key metabolic pathways

The bacteria strike back: mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics

Enzyme inhibition

Modification of molecular targets

Efflux pumps

Porin modification

LOOKING FOR ANSWERS: THE CAUSES OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

INTRINSIC RESISTANCE IN NATURE

EXCESSIVE AND INAPPROPRIATE USE

EXTENSIVE USE IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

UNAVAILABILITY OF NEW ANTIBIOTICS

REGULATORY BARRIERS

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS: HOW CAN WE DEAL WITH ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE?

PREVENTION OF TRANSMISSION OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

TRACKING METHODOLOGIES

IMPROVING THE USES OF EXISTING ANTIBIOTICS

Antibiotic Stewardship Programs

IMPROVEMENT OF PRESCRIPTION PRACTICES AND THERAPEUTIC TIME LENGTH

PROMOTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ANTIBIOTICS AND DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

Improvement of Diagnostic Tools

INCREASE THE VARIETIES OF ANTIMICROBIAL TREATMENTS

Conclusion: Persist or Perish

UNDERSTANDING THE WOUND HEALING PROCESS AND ITS RELATION TO THE CHRONICITY OF WOUNDS

Wounds and their Normal Healing Process

Proliferation

Remodeling

Chronic Injuries: When Things Go the Wrong Way

Types of Chronic Wounds

Chronic Wound Profile: What Went Wrong?.

The Presence of ROS and Other Metabolic By-Products

An Increased Presence of Slough and Necrotic Tissue

The Occupation of Microorganism: Unwanted Visitors

The Biofilm: The Invaders' Fortress

The Treatment of Chronic Wounds: Untying a Gordian Knot

Patient and Wound Assessment

Topical Wound Therapy

New Therapies

Conclusion: Thinking Out of the Box

THE APPLICATION OF NON-ANTIBIOTIC ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF WOUNDS: THE EMERGENCE OF VIKUT®

Non-antibiotic Antimicrobial Agents: A Possible Solution?

Emulsifiers

Oxidizers

Acids

Heavy Metals

The inception of Vikut®: a synergetic surprise.

Potassium Permanganate: an Unexpected ally

Ethanol: the perfect mixer

Salicylic and Benzoic Acids: An Old but good team

Comparison Between Topical Antiseptics and Topical Antibiotics

The Synergies within the Vikut® Formula

Turning the Alcohol into Acetic Acid

Hypothesis I: Transforming the Oxidizer in Oxygen

Hypothesis II: The ROS Thief

Conclusion: Toward Unknown Waters

CLINICAL EVIDENCE OF THE FORMULA BASED ON POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE FOR THE TREATMENT OF BOTH ACUTE AND CHRONIC WOUNDS

Comparative Analysis Between Vikut® and the Conventional Treatment

Patients' Selection

Statistical Analysis

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

The Use of Vikut® 5% Potassium Permanganate-based Formula in Both Acute and Chronic Wounds: Several Clinical Cases

Cases of Acute wounds

Clinical Case 1: Neglected Post- caesarian Wound

Clinical Case 2: Post-surgical Wound

Cases of Chronic Wounds

Clinical Case 3: Diabetic Foot Ulcer on the Big Toe

Clinical Case 4: Diabetic Ulcer in the Leg

Clinical Case 5: Osteomyelitis-caused Injury

CONCLUSION: GATHERING THE INFORMATION.

ECONOMIC AND FUNCTIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE FORMULA BASED ON POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE AND OTHER TOPICAL TREATMENTS

Which is the goal?

RESULTS OBTAINED REGARDING VIKUT®

CONCLUSION: LOOKING AT THE FOREST

Approaches to Anti Infective Therapies

Sonia Sethi1,*

History of Antibiotics and their Resistance Mechanism

Antibiotics Resistance Mechanisms

Impact of Antibiotic Resistance

Factors Contributing to the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic Resistance in Human Medicine

Use of Antibiotics in Food-producing Animals and Agriculture

Resistance Spread and The Environment

Prevention of Antibiotic Resistance

APPROACHES FOR ANTIINFECTIVE THERAPIES

Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species

Mechanism of ROI and RNI against various microbes

Host Innate Immunity Defense Systems

Immune Modulators Expression and Secretion

Avoiding Immune Detection

Existing and Potential Innate Immune Targets for The Development of Anti-infectives

ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES AS ANTI-INFECTIVES

Mode of Action

Therapeutic Potential

BACTERIOPHAGES AS ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS

Phage Endolysins as Therapeutics

Phage therapy as a Therapeutic Approach to Mycobacterial Infections

THERAPY BASED ON ANTIBODY

PROBIOTICS AS BIOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS

NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED ANTI-INFECTIVES TO FIGHT MICROBIAL INTRUSIONS

Nanomaterials for the Infections Control

Carbon Nanotubes

Nanocomposites

Mechanism of Nanoparticles Against Bacteria

Antiviral Mechanism of Nanoparticles

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Anti-infective Agents against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2).

Ramadevi Mohan1 and Subhashree Venugopal1,*

Structure of SARS- CoV-2

Structural Proteins

S (Spike) Glycoprotein

M (Membrane) Glycoprotein

E (Envelope) Glycoprotein

N (Nucleocapsid) Protein

Clinical Outcomes

TRANSMISSION OF INFECTION

Intermediate Host Transmission

Human-to-human Transmission

Entry of COVID-19 and Interaction with a Host Cell Receptor

Replication Process of SARS-CoV- 2

TREATMENT

Repurposing of Drugs for COVID-19 Treatment

Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Drug Repositioning

Polymerase Inhibitors

Remdesivir (GS-5734)

Favipiravir (T-705)

Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (EPCLUSA)

β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC)

Ribavirin

Galidesivir (BCX4430)

Gemcitabine Hydrochloride

PROTEASES INHIBITORS

SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors

Serine Protease Inhibitors

Malaria Drugs in COVID-19

Lipid Lowering Statins

Rheumatoid Arthritis Drugs

Tocilizumab (TCZ)

Sarilumab

Baricitinib

Corticosteroids

Miscellaneous Drugs

CONCLUDING REMARKS

Bilayer Tablet - Approach for the Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases with Fixed Dose Combination

Swati S. Gaikwad1,* and Mansi L. Patil2

Benefits of Antimicrobial Combination [4]

BI-LAYER TABLET TECHNOLOGY

ADVANTAGES OF BILAYER TABLET [6 - 8]

GENERAL PROPERTIES OF BI-LAYER TABLETS

NEED

OBJECTIVE

PLAN OF WORK

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Drug Profile

Cefixime Trihydrate

Ofloxacin

POLYMER/ EXCIPIENTS PROFILE

Hydroxy Propyl Methylcellulose

Microcrystalline Cellulose

Crosscarmellose Sodium

Sodium Starch Glycolate

Crospovidone

Lactose, Monohydrate

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

Confirmation of Drugs

Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR).

Spectrophotometric Analysis of Drug.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (EBook Central, viewed June 3, 2025).

ISBN:

9789814998390

9814998397

OCLC:

1281968158