Ground penetrating radar : improving sensing and imaging through numerical modeling / X. Lucas Travassos, Mario Fernández Pantoja, Nathan Ida.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Travassos, X. Lucas.

Contributor:

Pantoja, Mario F.

Ida, Nathan.

Series:

IET control, robotics and sensors series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Ground penetrating radar.

Ground penetrating radar--Mathematical models.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xiv, 328 pages) : illustrations, chiefly charts

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Stevenage : Institution of Engineering & Technology, 2021.

System Details:

Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Summary:

This book takes the reader through the development of a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) system, stressing the parameters that can be optimized and explaining the theory behind the GPR assessment. The authors provide a detailed discussion of the support tools and the numerical modeling of the system to improve readings from GPR systems.

Contents:

Intro

Title

Copyright

Contents

About the authors

Preface

Acknowledgments

1 Introduction to ground penetrating radar

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Overview of a GPR system

1.3 Fundamental theory of GPR

1.3.1 Electromagnetic wave propagation

1.3.2 Material properties

1.3.3 Antennas

1.3.4 System specification

1.4 Post-processing support tools

1.4.1 Signal and image processing techniques

1.4.2 Pattern recognition

1.5 Summary

References

2 Electromagnetic wave propagation

2.1 Introduction

2.2 The electromagnetic wave equation and its solution

2.2.1 The time-dependent wave equation

2.2.2 The time-harmonic wave equations

2.2.3 The wave equation in lossy dielectrics

2.2.4 Solution of the wave equation

2.3 The electromagnetic spectrum

2.4 Propagation of plane waves in materials

2.4.1 Propagation of plane waves in lossy dielectrics

2.4.2 The speed of propagation of waves and dispersion

2.4.3 Group velocity

2.4.4 Dispersion

2.4.5 Material properties

2.4.6 Homogeneity, linearity, and anisotropy of materials

2.5 Reflection, transmission, refraction, scattering, and diffraction of electromagnetic waves

2.5.1 Reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves at a general interface

2.5.2 Refraction, diffraction, and scattering of electromagnetic waves

2.6 Summary

3 Antennas: properties, designs, and optimization

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Antenna radiation parameters

3.2.1 Radiated power

3.2.2 Antenna radiation patterns

3.2.3 Radiation intensity

3.2.4 Antenna directivity

3.2.5 Antenna gain

3.2.6 Polarization

3.2.7 Radiation resistance

3.2.8 Input impedance

3.2.9 Bandwidth

3.2.10 Pulse fidelity

3.2.11 Group delay

3.2.12 Receiving antenna parameters

3.2.13 Effective aperture

3.2.14 Antenna footprint.

3.3 Antenna interaction with the medium under test

3.4 Antenna types for ground penetrating radar

3.4.1 Dipole antennas

3.4.2 Bowtie antennas

3.4.3 Vivaldi antennas

3.4.4 Spiral antennas

3.4.5 Horn antennas

3.4.6 Antenna arrays

3.5 Antenna design for GPR systems

3.5.1 GPR system parameters

3.5.2 GPR antenna optimization framework

3.6 The optimization process

3.6.1 The multi-objective genetic algorithm

3.6.2 Examples of optimization

3.6.3 Optimization for specific applications

4 The ground penetrating radar system

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Classification of ground penetrating radars

4.3 Requirements from ground penetrating radar

4.4 System specification

4.5 System requirements

4.5.1 Signal generator

4.5.2 Bandwidth

4.5.3 Amplifier

4.5.4 Power

4.5.5 Antennas

4.5.6 Low-noise amplifier

4.6 Data acquisition modes

4.6.1 Common offset mode

4.6.2 Common source and common receiver modes

4.6.3 Common midpoint mode

4.7 Signal processing

4.7.1 System abstraction

4.7.2 Digital signal conversion

4.7.3 Data processing

4.7.4 Preprocessing

4.7.5 Basic signal processing

4.7.6 Advanced signal processing

4.8 Summary

5 Numerical modeling

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Overview on EM modeling for GPR applications

5.3 Fundamentals of numerical methods commonly used for GPR modeling

5.3.1 The general idea of numerical solutions

5.3.2 A brief review of PDE-based numerical methods

5.3.3 A brief review of integral-formula-based numerical methods

5.3.4 The boundary element method

5.4 Advantages and drawbacks of common modeling methods in GPR work

5.5 FDTD modeling of the GPR environment

5.5.1 FDTD for dispersive media

5.6 2D modeling of GPR applications using the FDTD method.

5.6.1 Single steel rebar in concrete with frequency-independent properties

5.6.2 Multiple rebars and voids in concrete

5.7 3D modeling

5.7.1 Radar waveform synthesis

5.7.2 Input impedance calculation of bow-tie antennas

5.7.3 Bow-tie analysis using the method of moments

5.8 Modeling of practical geometries

5.8.1 Target shape scattering characteristics

5.9 Modeling of rough surface in a granular medium

5.10 Geophysical probing with electromagnetic waves__amp__#8212

use of the transmission line method

5.11 Modeling dispersion from heterogeneous dielectrics__amp__#8212

use of the FDTD method

5.11.1 Model definition

5.12 Heterogeneity in a half-space

5.12.1 Distribution of changes in permittivity in one, two, and three directions

5.13 Boundaries and boundary conditions

5.14 PML optimization

5.14.1 Reflection from the PML boundary

5.14.2 The optimization process

5.14.3 Optimization results

5.15 Summary

6 Pattern recognition

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Inverse problems

6.2.1 Reverse-time migration algorithm

6.2.2 Pattern recognition algorithms (PRAs)

6.3 Pattern recognition methods applied to GPR

6.3.1 Buried cylinders in nonhomogeneous dielectric media: model fitting and hybrid migration-model fitting approaches

6.3.2 Buried cylinder in nonhomogeneous dielectric medium: the artificial neural network approach

6.3.3 Buried cylinders in concrete: feature selection

6.4 Summary

Index.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

1-83724-546-0

1-78561-494-0

OCLC:

1285167905