Comparative effectiveness research (cer) : new methods, challenges and health implications / Francesco Chiappelli, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Chiappelli, Francesco, editor.

Series:

Health care in transition series.

Health Care in Transition

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Medical care--Research--United States--Evaluation.

Medical care.

Evidence-based medicine--United States.

Evidence-based medicine.

Medical care, Cost of--Law and legislation--United States.

Medical care, Cost of.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (547 p.)

Place of Publication:

Hauppauge, New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2016.

Summary:

Briefly stated, comparative effectiveness research pertains to the direct, succinct and precise comparison of existing healthcare interventions to determine what works best for each individual patient, and which treatment course poses the greatest benefits, costs and harms. The core question of comparative effectiveness research goes beyond establishing what treatment works best, for whom, and under what circumstances: it is a hypothesis-driven endeavor designed to uncover and implement the consensus of the best evidence base for patient-centered, effectiveness-focused and evidence-based health care. Members at the Institute of Medicine and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research concur that comparative effectiveness research involves the generation and synthesis of the best available evidence for a treatment intervention by means of a process driven by the PICOTS question/hypothesis, and are directed at comparing and contrasting the benefits, costs and harms of alternative methods to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor a clinical conditions with the specified intent of improving the delivery of health care. The purpose of comparative effectiveness research is to assist healthcare providers, patients, allied clinicians, caregivers and other stakeholders to engage together and make informed decisions that will improve healthcare at both the individual and population levels, and in so doing utilize the identified best evidence base in specific clinical settings, a process that the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality defines as "Translational Effectiveness". In brief, comparative effectiveness research is the tool and the process necessary for translational effectiveness. In this light, it is critical and timely to facilitate comparative effectiveness research as one of the essential and primary components of patient-centered, effectiveness-focused and evidence-based clinical decision-making in healthcare, as the premier process that results in improved patient outcomes, enhanced research planning, better products, and novel evidence-based policy development. This book is a compilation of the writings of several experts in the field and their collaborators. Each chapter examines specific facets of the process of comparative effectiveness research-based clinical decision-making in the principal domains of healthcare, which are subsumed in this work as dentistry, Western and alternative medicine, nursing, and pharmacology. Taken together, the chapters in this book present a brief, yet comprehensive overview and discussion of the current state of comparative effectiveness in healthcare. They establish the central role of systematic reviews in the process of clinical decision-making in evidence-based health care, and examine in depth the statistical significance and the clinical relevance of actualizing and evaluating clinical decision-making. Additionally, policies in optimizing evidence-based, patient-centered and effectiveness-focused clinical outcomes, stakeholders engagement for raising health literacy in the U.S. and worldwide in this decade of the twenty-first century and beyond are discussed.

Contents:

COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS RESEARCH (CER) NEW METHODS, CHALLENGES AND HEALTH IMPLICATIONS ; COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS RESEARCH (CER) NEW METHODS, CHALLENGES AND HEALTH IMPLICATIONS ; Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data; CONTENTS; FOREWORD ; PROLOGUE ; Chapter 1 METHODS, FALLACIES AND IMPLICATIONS OF COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS RESEARCH (CER) FOR HEALTHCARE IN THE 21ST CENTURY; ABSTRACT ; PROLOGUE ; THE MOVEMENT OF TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE IN HEALTH CARE ; TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRANSLATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS ; CONVERGENT HEALTHCARE

WHAT IS COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS RESEARCH (CER) - AND WHAT IT IS NOTCER: A Hypothesis-Driven Research Process That Follows the Scientific Process ; CER Methodological Framework ; Hindrances Inherent to CER Reasoning for Clinical Decision-Making: Fallacies ; CER Is Related to, But Distinct from Comparative Effectiveness Analysis ; APPLICATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF CER; WHAT DOES THIS BOOK ACHIEVE? ; CONCLUSION ; Going Forward ; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ; REFERENCES ; DENTAL MATERIALS AND IMPLANTOLOGY ; Chapter 2 INNOVATIVE FILLERS FOR DENTAL RESIN ; ABSTRACT ; INTRODUCTION

DENTAL COMPOSITES AND FILLERS: GENERAL PRINCIPLES DENTAL COMPOSITES AND FILLERS: QUALITY STANDARDS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ; Enamel and Dentin Histology ; Elasticity, Plasticity and Hardness ; Hardness-Plasticity in Polymeric Resins ; THE BIOCOMPABILITY ISSUE: FOCUS ON ESTROGENICITY ; POLYMERIC RESINS ; ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL AND APA FILLER FOR DENTAL RESIN ; Preparation of APA Fillers ; Preparation of Resin Composite Samples ; AFM Investigation ; Software Analysis ; CONCLUSION ; REFERENCES

Chapter 3 PRIMARY STABILITY STUDY IN IMPLANTOLOGY: CORRELATION OF MICROMOVEMENTS TO BONE DENSITY AND PEAK INSERTION TORQUEABSTRACT ; INTRODUCTION ; THE BIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL CONCEPT OF OSSEOINTEGRATION ; PRIMARY AND SECONDARY STABILITY ; STATE OF THE ART IN THE PRIMARY STABILITY CONCEPT ; DETECTIONS OF THE PRIMARY STABILITY ; Implants ; Bone Samples ; Insertion of a Plant ; Mechanical Measurements (Plaster Cast) ; RESULTS ; Micro-Movements and Torque ; Micro-Movements and Bone Density ; DISCUSSION ; REFERENCES ; Chapter 4 THE USE OF MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE (MTA) IN ENDODONTICS

ABSTRACT ABBREVIATIONS ; INTRODUCTION ; MATERIAL PROPERTIES ; Time and Expansion ; Solubility ; Compressive Strength ; Extraction Resistance ; pH ; Particle Size ; Porosity ; Micro-Hardness ; Resistance to Fracturing ; Biological Properties ; CLINICAL APPLICATIONS ; Apicectomy ; Apexification ; Communication by Iatrogeny or Pathology ; MTA in Vital Pulp Therapy (Pulpotomy and Capping); Sealing Material ; FINAL DISCUSSION ; REFERENCES ; ENDODONTICS ; Chapter 5 ENDODONTIC NICKEL-TITANIUM INSTRUMENTS: A CER APPROACH ; ABSTRACT ; INTRODUCTION ; ROTATORY FILES IN ENDODONTICS

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NICKEL-TITANIUM INSTRUMENTS

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-63484-316-9