Liquid fuels as jet fuels and propellants : a review of their productions and applications / Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Keshavarz, M. H. (Mohammad Hossein), author.

Series:

Energy science, engineering and technology series.

Energy Science, Engineering and Technology

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Liquid fuels.

Jet planes--Fuel.

Jet planes.

Rockets (Aeronautics)--Fuel.

Rockets (Aeronautics).

Physical Description:

1 online resource (177 pages).

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, [2018]

Summary:

In recent years, it has been important for scientists and chemical industries to introduce and develop new liquid fuels as jet fuels and propellants for propulsion purposes. Different aspects should be considered for the selection of a good candidate such as combustion performance, desired physical properties, noncarcinogenic and less toxicity. New synthetic hydrocarbon fuels with favorable combustion performance and physical properties have been considered as desirable jet fuels. They can be used in aircrafts such as military jets because of their higher volumetric energy density. A liquid-propellant rocket uses liquid propellants for propulsion. Liquid propellants should have the desirable properties of high energy density per unit mass, high specific impulse, and short ignition delays. Hypergolic propellants as important classes of liquid propellants are characterized by spontaneous reaction upon fuel and oxidizer mixing and high energy yield. Moreover, they should be relatively ignitable and have a small ignition time delay. This book reviews some efforts that have been done to introduce new candidates to replace conventional hydrazine fuels because they are acutely toxic and suspected carcinogens, costly safety precautions and handling procedures are required. This book reviews the latest advances in liquid fuels, which may be used as jet fuels and liquid propellants. Important properties for assessment of a suitable liquid are demonstrated. This book can be used for graduate students in the field of chemistry and chemical engineering. It may also be useful for scientists and researchers who work on the development of new liquid fuels with high performance as well as those that are noncarcinogenic or have less toxicity.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Preface

List of Symbols

Chapter 1

Conventional Liquid Fuels for Propulsion

Abstract

Introduction

Conventional Jet Fuels

Hypersonic Vehicle Fuels

Additives of Jet Fuels

Corrosion Inhibitor/Lubricity Improver (CI/LI)

Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII)

Static Dissipater Additives (SDA)

Antioxidant (AO)

Metal Deactivator Additives (MDAs)

Additives for Increasing Thermal Stability

Missile Fuels

Liquid Rocket Propellants

Common Properties of Liquid Propellants

Economic Factors and Availability

Suitable Physical Properties

Viscosity and Vapor Pressure

Boiling and Freezing Points

Density and Specific Gravity

Performance Parameters

Chemical and Thermal Stability

Heat Transfer

Ignition and Combustion

Safety and Environmental Issues

Materials Compatibility

Cryogenics Propellants

Storable Propellants

Monopropellants

Chapter 2

Synthetic Jet Fuels

Synthetic Jet Fuels Derived from Fossil Fuels

Requirements for Alternative Fuels

The Synthesized High-Energy Hydrocarbon Based Fuel

JP-10

RJ-4, RJ-5, and RJ-7

THTCPD

Chapter 3

Recent Advances in Liquid Propellants

Using Organic Compounds

DMAZ

Sensitivity Evaluation of DMAZ

The Use of CHETAH Software

Impact Sensitivity of DMAZ

Burning Test in Small Scale

Sensitivity to Electrostatic Discharge

Koenen Test

DMAZ Sensitivity Test to Explosive Detonator

DMAZ Sensitivity Test to Shock Wave

Ignition Delay Analysis

Diazabicyclo[3.1.0] hexane (DABH)

Comparison of Properties of DABH with Respect to DMAZ and MMH

Toxicity of DABH as Compared to Common Liquid Propellants

Thermal Decomposition Study of DABH

Dimethyl Amino Ethanol (DMAE).

Physico-Thermal Properties, Safety, and Toxicity of DMAE

ID Time of DMAE

Hydroxyethylhydrazine (HEH)

Physical Properties of Pure HEH and Its Mixture with UDMH

Density

Boiling Point

Viscosity

Vapor Pressure

Hypergolicity

Energetic Ionic Liquids

Assessment of Physicochemical Properties

ID Time

Thermal Behaviors

Melting Point

Glass Transition Temperature

Decomposition Temperature and Activation Energy of Thermolysis

Heat of Formation

Chapter 4

Assessment of Combustion Performance of Liquid Fuels

Some Features of Specific Impulse

The Effect of Chemical Factors

A Simple Method for Calculation of Combustion Chamber Temperature

Estimation of Combustion Products

The Simple Correlation for Calculation of Specific Impulse

Some Features of Molar Enthalpy of Formation in the Liquid State

Computation of Heat of Formation

Computation Detail of a Suitable Method for Prediction of of Polycyclic Saturated Hydrocarbons

Calculation of Density of Polycyclic Saturated Hydrocarbons

Difference between Melting and Boiling Points of Polycyclic Saturated Hydrocarbons

Performance Assessment of Mixtures of Liquid Propellants, e.g., UDMH/HEH

References

About the Author

Index

Blank Page.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781536143126

153614312X

OCLC:

1065140470