The ASQ metrology handbook / Heather A. Wade, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Wade, Heather A., editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Measurement--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Measurement.

Calibration--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Calibration.

Quality assurance--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Quality assurance.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (737 pages)

Edition:

3rd ed.

Place of Publication:

Milwaukee : ASQ Excellence, [2022]

Summary:

The ever-changing fields of science and technology have made huge leaps, thanks in part to improvements in measurements. Without metrology, these areas may not have experienced exponential growth. Developed by experts in the field as a comprehensive and practical reference, The ASQ Metrology Handbook, Third Edition provides a foundation for understanding metrology as well as calibration principles and practices. This handbook is ideal for not only metrology professionals, but also calibration professionals including calibration technicians and technologists, quality professionals, workers in testing laboratories, consultants, and instructors. Whether you are entering a new phase of your career field, investing in your own continuous improvement journey, training your fellow calibration practitioners, or preparing for ASQ's Certified Calibration Technician (CCT) exam, this handbook provides the information, guidance, and knowledge to help you achieve your goals. New to this Third Edition: • A thorough explanation of ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 • The 2019 Redefinition of the International System of Units • Updated and expanded chapters, including information about training and competency, software validation, statistics, decision rules and risk, uncertainty in measurement, mass and weighing, force, and chemical and biological measurements and uncertainties

Contents:

Cover

Table of Contents

List of Figures and Tables

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Part I. Background

Chapter 1. History and Philosophy of Metrology/Calibration

Ancient Measurement

Measurement Progress in the Last 2000 Years

Standards, Commerce, and Metrology

History of Quality Standards

Measurement and the Industrial Revolution

Milestones in U.S. Food and Drug Law History

Part II. Quality Systems

Chapter 2. The Basics of a Quality System

Quality Tools

Process Improvement Techniques

Chapter 3. Quality Standards and Their Evolution

What Are Quality Standards and Why Are They Important

The Role of ISO

Evolution of Quality Standards

History of Quality Standards: 1900-1940

History of Quality Standards-1940 to the Present

Chapter 4. Quality Documentation

Chapter 5. Calibration Procedures

Calibration Procedure Contents

Other SOPs and Competencies

Safety and Handling Considerations

Method Validation and Verification

Summary

Chapter. 6 Calibration Records

Record Integrity and Retention

Chapter 7. Calibration Certificates

Chapter 8. Management Systems and Quality Manuals

Chapter 9. Metrological Traceability

Traceability Definitions

National Metrology Institutes as a Source of Traceability

International Agreements and Arrangements: Recommended Calibration Providers

Evaluating Metrological Traceability

Documenting Calibration Hierarchies

Circular Calibrations

Reverse Traceability

Tools for Assessing Traceability

The Importance of Traceability

Chapter 10. Calibration Programs

Delay Dating

Chapter 11. The International System of Units (SI) and Measurement Standards

The International System of Units: Defining, Realizing, and Disseminating.

Presentation of Measurement Results: Units and Symbols

Measurement Standard Types

Accuracy Matters-Understanding and Communicating Measurement Uncertainties

Write It Right: Understanding Nuances of Metrics in Technical Writing

Chapter 12. Audit Requirements

Chapter 13. Scheduling and Recall Systems

Chapter 14. Labels and Equipment Status

Chapter 15. Training and Competency

Background

Competence Requirements

Job Descriptions

Training Plan

Training Sources

Formal Training

Informal Training

Chapter 16. Environmental Controls

Chapter 17. Industry-Specific Requirements

ISO/IEC 17025

FDA Quality System Regulations

Other Industry Requirements

Chapter 18. Computers, Software, and Software Validation

Calibration Management Software Systems

Security

Instrumentation Software Classifications

Automated Calibration Procedure Software

Spreadsheets

Part III. Metrology Concepts

Chapter 19. A General Understanding of Metrology

Chapter 20. Measurement Methods, Systems, Capabilities, and Data

Measurement Methods

Measurement Systems

Measurement Capabilities

Measurement Data

Calibration Methods and Techniques

Chapter 21. Specifications

Types of Specification Limits

Chapter 22. Substituting Calibration Standards

Measurement Standard Substitution

Equipment Substitution and Calibration Procedures

Chapter 23. Proficiency Testing, Interlaboratory Comparisons, and Measurement Assurance Programs

Proficiency Testing

Measurement Assurance Programs

Part IV. Mathematics and Statistics: Their Use in Measurement

Chapter 24. Number Formatting

Significant Digits

Notation Methods

Standard Notation

SI Prefix System

ISO Preferred Numbers

Number Rounding Methods

Other Number Formatting Issues

Date and Time Formats.

Chapter 25. Unit Conversions

SI Units

Coherence of SI Units

SI-Derived Units

Units Not to Be Used Within the SI System of Units

SI Units Arranged by Unit Category

Conversion Factors and Their Uses

Uncertainties for Some Fundamental Units (Standard and Relative)

Number Bases

Conversion Factors for Converting Between Equivalent Measurement Units

Chapter 26. Ratios

Decibel Measures

Logarithms in Microsoft Excel

Types of Linearizing Transformations

Graphs

Chapter 27. Statistics

Fundamental Measurement Assumptions

Degrees of Freedom

Residuals

Central Tendency

Bimodal Distributions

Central Limit Theorem

Confidence Interval

Root Mean Square

Sum of Squares

Root Sum of Squares

Population Variance

Population Standard Deviation

Sample Variance

Sample Standard Deviation

Standard Error of the Mean

Measures of Skewness and Kurtosis

Skewness

Kurtosis

Correlation

Linear Relationships

Zero and Span Relationships

Interpolation

Formats of Tabular Data

Linear Interpolation Methods

Interpolation Methods for Nonlinear Data

Types of Distributions and Their Properties

Standard Normal (Gaussian) Z-Distribution

Autocorrelation

Chapter 28. Mensuration, Volume, and Surface Areas

Mensuration, Lengths, and Angles

Length

Circle

Ellipse

Angle

Plane Area

Perimeter

Ellipse Perimeter (Circumference)

Volume

Surface Area

Part V. Uncertainty in Measurement

Chapter 29. Measurement Uncertainty

Measurement Uncertainty

Evaluating Measurement Uncertainty

Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation Process

Other Measurement Uncertainty Considerations

Managing Measurement Uncertainty

Chapter 30. Measurement Risk and Decision Rules

Measurement Risk

Test Uncertainty Ratio (TUR)

A 4:1 TUR

Conclusion

Annex A.

Part VI. Measurement Parameters

Chapter 31. Introduction to Measurement Parameters

Chapter 32. DC and Low Frequency

DC and AC

Low Frequency

Measurement Parameters

Chapter 33. Radio Frequency and Microwave

RF and Microwave Frequencies

Chapter 34. Mass and Weighing

SI Unit of Mass

Mass and Weighing

Good Weighing Procedures

Weighing Instruments-Types, Documentary Standards, Calibration Procedures

Mass Calibration Standards (Weights)

Chapter 35. Force

Basic Introduction

The SI Units for Force

Why Force Measurement Is Important

Types of Force Instruments

S-Beam (S-Type)

Shear Web

Button Load Cell

Single-Column or High-Stress Load Cells

Multi-Column Load Cells

Hysteresis

Nonrepeatability

Static Error Band

Methods/Standards

Common Error Sources in Force Calibration

Calibration Using Different Setups for Compression and Tension

Adapters Affect Mechanical Interactions

Tension Clevis Adapters for Tension Links, Crane Scales, and Dynamometers

Four-Wire and Six-Wire Systems

Equipment Design

Uncertainty Contributors

Type A Uncertainty Contributions

Type B Uncertainty Contributions

Other Error Sources

Guidance for Type A Uncertainty Contributions When ASTM E74 Is Used as the Standard

Guidance for Type B Uncertainty Contributors When ASTM E74 Is Used as the Standard

Chapter 36. Dimensional and Mechanical Parameters

Length Measures

Angle Measurement-Definitions

Levels

Chapter 37. Other Parameters: Electro-Optical and Radiation

Optics

Colorimetry

Ionizing Radiation

Optical Radiation

pH

Chapter 38. Chemical and Biological Measurements and Uncertainties

Organizations

Traceability Fundamentals.

Establishing Traceability for Chemical Tests

Evaluating Measurement Uncertainty for Chemical Tests

Contributors to Uncertainty in Chemical Testing

Part VII. Managing a Metrology Department or Calibration Laboratory

Chapter 39. Getting Started

Chapter 40. Best Practices

Customer Service (Lab Liaisons)

Using Metrics for Department/Laboratory Management

Preventive Maintenance Programs

Surveys and Customer Satisfaction

Chapter 41. Process Workflow

Chapter 42. Budgeting and Resource Management

Budget

Chapter 43. Vendors and Suppliers

Chapter 44. Housekeeping and Safety

All Industries

5S Methodology

Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industry

Electronics or High-Voltage/Current Industries

Airline Industry

Physical-Dimensional Calibration

Computer Industry

Appendix A. Further Resources and Publications

Appendix B. Acronyms and Abbreviations

Appendix C. Glossary of Terms

Glossary

Appendix D. Common Conversions

Endnotes

Bibliography/References

Index

About the Contributors.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Wade, Heather A. The ASQ Metrology Handbook

ISBN:

9781523155910

1523155914

9781636940212

1636940218

9781636940205

163694020X