Psychology of individual differences : new research / Eleanor Roberson, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Roberson, Eleanor, editor.

Series:

Perspectives on cognitive psychology.

Perspectives on Cognitive Psychology

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Individual differences.

Individuality.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (163 p.)

Place of Publication:

New York, [New York] : Nova Publishers, 2016.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Cognitive psychologists have been interested in individual differences in complex cognitive processes and intelligence since the cognitive revolution. A good deal of the research in this area has focused on individual differences in reasoning ability, but even more has focused on differences in working memory. Individual differences in working memory have been related to reasoning, problem solving, reading comprehension, discourse comprehension, intelligence, and a great many more cognitive tasks. Chapter One presents a review of working memory theories that call for access to long-term memory to supplement the limited capacity of working memory during complex cognitive processing. It also presents a review of the evidence that facilitation of procedural memory is an individual difference related to complex cognitive processing, and the different theoretical interpretations of that evidence. Chapter Two discusses individual differences in two health-related outcomes: emergency severity index (ESI) scores as assigned to patients by nurses and other healthcare professionals, and pain scores as reported by patients. Chapter Three examines the psychological effect of a forest environment and how it can differ depending on a subject's initial values. Chapter Four focuses on non-cognitive predictors of individual differences in education outcomes, and discusses the model of mental toughness. Chapter Five studies if non-criminal psychopathy is associated with reduced electrodermal arousal using measures comparable to those employed with criminal samples. Chapter Six discusses associations between the Big Five personality traits and social physique anxiety in women. The last chapter uses a theory-based approach to examine the construct validity and the usefulness of the OCEAN.20 personality dimensions in predicting training/academic performance.

Contents:

PSYCHOLOGY OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES NEW RESEARCH; PSYCHOLOGY OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES NEW RESEARCH; Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data; CONTENTS ; PREFACE ; Chapter 1 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPLEX COGNITIVE PROCESSES ARE NOT ONLY THE DOMAIN OF WORKING MEMORY; ABSTRACT ; WORKING MEMORY ; ACTIVATED LONG-TERM MEMORY ; THE FACILITATION OF PROCEDURAL MEMORY ; INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THE FACILITATION OF PROCEDURAL MEMORY ; THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE FACILITATION OF WORKING MEMORY ; Long-Term Semantic Transfer and Long-Term Semantic Priming

A Long-Term Working Memory Explanation An ACT-R Perspective ; CONCLUSION; REFERENCES ; Chapter 2 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH OUTCOMES: ACCOUNTING FOR TWO SOURCESOF VARIATION THROUGH CROSS-CLASSIFIED MULTILEVEL MODELS; ABSTRACT ; INTRODUCTION ; CROSS-CLASSIFIED MULTILEVEL MODELS FOR HEALTH OUTCOMES ; Multilevel Models ; Partitioning of Variation and Intraclass Correlations ; INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN EMERGENCY SEVERITY INDEX ; Recent Studies ; Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate ; INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN PAIN REPORTING ; Medical Setting ; Experimental Setting ; EXTENSIONS

Other Health Outcomes Combining Intraclass Correlations across Studies ; Other Sources of Systematic Variation ; PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS; CONCLUSION ; REFERENCES ; Chapter 3 ELUCIDATION OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF A FOREST ENVIRONMENT ; ABSTRACT ; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS ; 2.1. Study Sites and Subjects ; 2.2. Experimental Design ; 2.3. Psychological Measurements; 2.4. Data Analysis ; 3. RESULTS ; 4. DISCUSSION; CONCLUSION; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ; REFERENCES ; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

Chapter 4 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN EDUCATION OUTCOMES: APPLYING A MODEL OF MENTAL TOUGHNESS ABSTRACT ; INTRODUCTION ; THE MENTAL TOUGHNESS FRAMEWORK ; Commitment ; Challenge ; Control ; Confidence ; CONCEPTUAL SIMILARITIES ; Resilience ; Buoyancy ; Perseverance; Grit ; Self-Efficacy ; Confidence ; Motivation ; New Research ; Secondary School Education ; Higher Education ; CONCLUSION ; REFERENCES; Chapter 5 NON-CRIMINAL PSYCHOPATHY AND THE ELECTRODERMAL RESPONSE: GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SELF-REPORT AND PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AROUSAL; ABSTRACT ; INTRODUCTION; PART 1: SCREENING PHASE

Method Participant Recruitment ; Measures ; Self-Report Psychopathy Scale ; PART 2: TEST PHASE ; Methods ; Participant Selection ; Measures ; Psychophysiological Measurement ; Stimuli: International Affective Picture System ; RESULTS ; SCR Data Analyses and Normalization ; Manipulation Check ; Psychopathy and SCR ; Psychopathy and Affective Ratings ; SCR and Affective Ratings ; DISCUSSION ; REFERENCES ; Chapter 6 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS AND SOCIAL PHYSIQUE ANXIETY IN ADULT WOMEN ; ABSTRACT ; INTRODUCTION ; METHOD ; Participants ; Materials ; Procedures

RESULTS

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-63484-539-0