Sleep medicine in critical care : diagnosis and practical approach / Antonio M. Esquinas, Joerg Steier, and Behrouz Jafari, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Esquinas, Antonio M., editor.

Steier, Joerg, editor.

Jafar, Behrouz, editor.

Series:

Sleep-- physiology, functions, dreaming, and disorders series.

Sleep - Physiology, Functions, Dreaming, and Disorders

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Critical care medicine.

Sleep apnea syndromes.

Respiratory emergencies.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (335 pages).

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Medicine & Health, [2020]

Summary:

"Sleep breathing disorders represent one of the most important factors that influence prognosis in critical patients, directly as an initial cause or indirect process that deteriorates after admission to the Intensive Care Units. Despite this known association, there is little scientific information in key practical questions. For example, how does one approach and diagnose sleep breathing disorders in critical care medicine? How can one measure these associations in patients under non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation? During weaning from mechanical ventilation, extubation process, or prevention extubation failure, and finally, their association with short and long term prognosis in medical and postoperative critically patients. In this scenario, they are of great interest to understand these associations. In this book, we analyze the rationale for diagnosis and treatment in critically mechanically ventilated, from non-invasive, invasive and weaning from mechanical ventilation process, treatments, protocols and follow-up patients' recommendations. The high prevalence of sleep breathing disorders, increment critically mechanical ventilated patients, new forms of invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation justify as multidisciplinary perspective this book, useful for pulmonologists, critical care and anesthesiologist"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1

Prevalence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB) in Patients with Mechanical Ventilation

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Sleep Disordered Breathing

3. Prevalence of OSA in ICU

4. Postoperative Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in ICU in Obstructive Sleep

Apnea Patients

Conclusion

References

Chapter 2

Interaction of Sleep- Disordered Breathing and Mechanical Ventilation

Key Points

Chapter 3

Respiratory Muscles (Inspiratory, Expiratory) and Sleep Disordered-Breathing

Introduction

Diaphragm

Respiration

Muscles of Respiration

Impact of Increased Load on the Respiratory Muscle Pump

Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome

Contributory Factors during Sleep

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Chapter 4

The Importance of Upper Airways Features in Sleep Breathing Disorders

Adult OSA Patients

Clinical Investigation

Correlation between UA Clinical Examination and UA Anatomical Collapsibility

Pediatric OSA Patients

Final Considerations

Chapter 5

Devices for Diagnosis of Sleep Breathing Disorders

Type IV Studies

Two-Channel Type IV Sleep Studies

Other Type IV Studies

Single-Channel Type IV Sleep Studies

Type III Studies

Type II and I Studies

PAT

Monitoring of Carbon Dioxide

Chapter 6

How to Diagnose Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders outside the Sleep Laboratory

Technologies to Diagnose Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Polysomnography

Disadvantages of Polysomnography

Classification of Diagnostic Devices for Sleep Disordered Breathing

Polysomnography Outside the Sleep Laboratory.

Unattended PSG

Portable Respiratory Polygraphy (Type 3 Devices)

Nocturnal Pulse-Oximetry and Type 4 Devices

Agreement of Pulse Oximetry Parameters with PSG-Derived AHI

The Oximetry Trace

The Heart Rate Trace

Pulse Oximetry in Patients with Underlying Lung Disease

Nocturnal Transcutaneous Capnography

Peripheral Arterial Tonometry to Diagnose Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders

Chapter 7

Hypoxic and Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure: Implications for Sleep Medicine, Diagnosis and Practical Approach

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Neuromuscular Disorders

Chapter 8

Intermittent Hypoxia, Sympathetic Activity and Oxidative Stress in OSA and CPAP Effects

Intermittent Hypoxia in OSA

Intermittent Hypoxia and Sympathetic Activity and Hypertension

CPAP Effects on Sympathetic Activity and Blood Pressure in OSA

The Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia and CPAP on the Cardio- and Cerebrovascular System

Intermittent Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress

CPAP Effects on Oxidative Stress in OSA

Role of Intermittent Hypoxia in the Critically-Ill Patient

Chapter 9

Effect of CPAP on Cognition and Brain Function

CPAP Therapy

Chapter 10

Effect of CPAP on Co-Morbidities (Cardiac, Renal and Liver)

Cardiac Co-Morbidities

Arterial Hypertension

Heart Failure

Atrial Fibrillation

Myocardial Infarction

Renal Co-Morbidities

Liver Co-Morbidities

Chapter 11

Nasal High Flow Therapy

Physiological Benefits of High Flow Therapy

Effects Related to High Flow Air Delivery.

Effects Related to Warmth and Humidified Air Delivery

Effects of High Flow Therapy on ventilation

Current Use of High Flow Therapy

In the Hospital Setting

In the Home Setting

The Use of High Flow Therapy during Sleep

High Flow Therapy in Patients with Sleep Apnea

High Flow Therapy in Patients with Nocturnal Hypoxemia

Chapter 12

Options of Mechanical Ventilation in Sleep Related Breathing Disorders: Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation

Delivery of Non-Invasive Ventilation

Interface

Image of the Human Head by Patrick J. Lynch Reproduced from Wikimedia Commons under CC BY 2.5 Licence

Circuit

Ventilator Modes and Settings

Trigger

Humidification

Supplementary Oxygen

Location of NIV Setup

Monitoring during NIV Delivery

Troubleshooting

Patient Selection

Unintentional Leak

Patient-ventilator Asynchrony

Skin Breakdown

Use of Analgesia or Sedation

NIV in the Management of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders

Central Sleep Apnoea

Neuromuscular Disease

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Other Neuromuscular Diseases and Chest Wall Disease

COPD

Chapter 13

Patterns of Response to Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV) in Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders

Abbreviations

Positive Airway Pressure

CPAP

Automatic Adjustment of the Level of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

Bilevel

Average Volume-Assured Pressure Support Ventilation (AVAPS)

Volume-Targeted Ventilation (VTV)

Pressure-Targeted Ventilation (PTV)

Adaptive Servo-Ventilation (ASV)

Clinical Implications

Management of Non-Invasive Ventilation

Patient-Ventilator Desynchrony.

Influence of Type of Exhalation Device and Connecting Circuits

Effect of Dead Space

The Choice of the Mask

Influence of Unintentional Leaks

Influence of the Upper Airway

Chapter 14

Non-Invasive Ventilation in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome

Definition and Diagnosis of OHS

Epidemiology

Pathophysiology of Obesity and OHS

Clinical Presentation and Comorbidities in Patients with OHS

Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in OHS

Prognosis of OHS Patients Treated for AHRF

Treatment of Stable OHS

Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) Treatment

Oxygen Therapy

Weight Reduction Strategies

Chapter 15

Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Chronic Neuromuscular Diseases

Pathophysiology

Hypoventilation

Diaphragmatic or Pseudo-Central Events

Central Events

Obstructive Events

Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 16

Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders: Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (Non-Perioperative)

2. Sleep Related Breathing Disorders and Ventilator Modes

2.1. Invasive Mechanical ventilation

2.2.Ventilator Modes and Sleep

2.2.1. Pressure Support Ventilation, Assist Control Ventilation:

2.2.2. Proportional Assist Ventilation

2.2.3. Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist

Chapter 17

Airway Management in Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders:

Key Practical Approach

Preoperative Assessment

Intraoperative Assessment

Upper Airway Edema and Fluid Management

Chapter 18

Analgesia/Sedation Mechanical Ventilation: Key Practical Approach

Pre-Operative Assessment

Checklists.

Principles of Sedation

Principles of Analgesia

Appendix

Chapter 19

Post-Operative Management and Clinical Results

Respiratory Conditions

Cardiovascular Conditions

Postanesthesia Care

Postoperative Follow - Up

Other Conditions

Chapter 20

Extubation and Reintubation Failure: Impact of Sleep Disordered Breathing

Summary and Recommendation

Chapter 21

Difficult Weaning and Ventilator Dependent Patients: Key Practical Recommendations

Weaning Classification

The Weaning Process

Complex Weaning

Physiological

Respiratory Muscle Load

Respiratory Capacity

Respiratory Drive

Cardiac

Clinical

Ventilation Associated Pneumonia (VAP)

Physical Rehabilitation

Nutrition

Psychological

Logistical Factors in the Management of Prolonged Weaning

Chapter 22

Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation: How to Diagnose and Treat Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders

Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation

Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Diagnosis of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation

Other Diagnostic Options

Potential Factors Associated with the Presence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation

Treatment of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation

Chapter 23

The Role of Tracheostomy in Short- and Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation: Implications and Effects

Tracheostomy in Critically Ill Patients

Tracheostomy in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Failure

Chapter 24.

Sleep Disordered Breathing Disorders: Implications for Patient, Family, Physicians and Other Caregivers.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-5361-7769-5

OCLC:

1159173905