Regeneration of spent catalyst and impregnation of catalyst by supercritical fluid / Farid Gumerov, and Bernard Le Neindre, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Le Neindre, B. (Bernard), editor.

Gumerov, Farid (Farid M.), editor.

Series:

Chemistry research and applications series.

Chemistry Research and Applications

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Catalysts.

Chemical reactions.

Reactivity (Chemistry).

Chemical engineering.

Supercritical fluids.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (188 p.)

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Publishers, 2016.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

A catalyst is a material of constant composition, which accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction by providing a suitable reaction pathway with the lowest activation energy. As the activation energy is lower, more reaction products are formed in the same period of time. Most catalytic reactions encountered in hydrocarbon processing are carried out with porous catalysts to provide a sufficient surface area for the metal dispersion and the ensuing reaction. These catalysts gradually lose their catalytic activity, usually through structural changes, poisoning, or the deposit of extraneous material. A catalyst which can no longer exhibit the necessary activity and/or is specificity required by the user is referred to as a "spent catalyst". Catalysts are critical to the chemical industry and are now used in most industrial chemical processes. Along with the rapid development and wide application of catalysis technology, the amounts of different spent catalysts are increased from year to year. The physical properties of spent catalysts, as well as their composition, are generally different from those of fresh catalysts. For example, spent hydrotreating catalysts contain metal sulfides and coke, and may have additional contaminants that were not present in the fresh catalyst. Catalyst regeneration involves the processing of spent catalysts in order to make them reusable. This is done by restoring the initial properties of spent catalysts and thus restoring their efficiency through a process called regeneration of catalysts. Traditional methods of vapor-air regeneration are energy-consuming and severely limit the number of regeneration cycles. Using supercritical fluid CO2-extraction process, according to some estimates, provides a two-fold energy savings and an increasing number of regeneration cycles possible. This book gathers a series of studies describing new methods for the regeneration of heterogeneous catalysts for important industrial chemical processes. In this book we propose new extraction techniques using supercritical fluid extraction (SFC), which seems to be one of the most promising as a green reaction medium. The feasibility of using supercritical fluid ?2 extraction process was investigated in particular for spent catalyst regeneration. The low regeneration temperature of supercritical carbon dioxide eliminates the risk of thermal deterioration of the catalyst (namely the collapse of the pores), prevents the reduction of the surface area and the sintering, and allows regeneration of catalysts with an activity close to that of fresh catalysts. The results of the implementation of the supercritical fluid ?2 extraction process with respect to samples of industrial deactivated catalysts are provided. A comparison of the characteristics of the regenerated catalyst samples by traditional approaches and the SC-CO2 extraction process is carried out. The possibility of using a supercritical fluid CO2 impregnation technique in the synthesis of a palladium catalyst is also studied.

Contents:

REGENERATION OF SPENT CATALYST AND IMPREGNATION OF CATALYST BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID; REGENERATION OF SPENT CATALYST AND IMPREGNATION OF CATALYST BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID; Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data; CONTENTS; PREFACE; REFERENCES; ABOUT THE EDITORS; Chapter 1: REGENERATION OF PALLADIUM CATALYST SG-58E USED IN THE HYDROGENATION PROCESS OF ETHANE-ETHYLENE FRACTION BY SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE; ABSTRACT; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. HYDROGENATION PROCESS OF ETHANE-ETHYLENE FRACTION; CHARACTERISTICS OF SPENT CATALYST AND DESCRIPTION OF ITS TRADITIONAL WAY OF REGENERATION

3. MATERIALS, EQUIPMENTS, APPLIED RESEARCH METHODS4. SOLUBILITY COMPOUNDS OF DEACTIVATION OF CATALYST IN PURE AND MODIFIED SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE WITH POLAR ADDITIVES; 5. REGENERATION OF PALLADIUM CATALYSTS G-58E USED IN HYDROGENATION PROCESS OF ETHANE-ETHYLENE FRACTION BY MEANS OF SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE; 6. COMPARISON OF CHARACTERISTICS OF REGENERATED CATALYST SAMPLES USING THE TRADITIONAL APPROACH AND THE SC-CO2 EXTRACTION PROCESS; 7. SOLUBILITY OF PALLADIUM CHLORIDE COMPLEXES IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE; REFERENCES

Chapter 2: REGENERATION OF NICKEL ON KIESELGUHR CATALYST USED IN THE PROCESS OF SEPARATION OF ACETYLENE COMPOUNDS FROM ISOPRENE BY SUPERCRITICAL СО2 EXTRACTIONABSTRACT; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. PROCESS OF THE SEPARATION OF ACETYLENE COMPOUNDS FROM AN ISOPRENE MIXTURE; CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPENT CATALYST; DESCRIPTION OF A CONVENTIONAL PROCESS FOR ITS REGENERATION; 3. MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT, APPLIED RESEARCH METHODS; 4. REGENERATION OF NICKEL ON KIESELGUHR CATALYST USED IN THE PROCESS OF SEPARATION OF ACETYLENE COMPOUNDS FROM ISOPRENE BY SUPERCRITICAL CО2 EXTRACTION

5. COMPARISON OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NICKELON KIESELGUHR CATALYST SAMPLES REGENERATED BY CONVENTIONAL APPROACH AND SC-CO2 EXTRACTIONREFERENCES; Chapter 3: REGENERATION OF THE ACTIVE ALUMINA CATALYST USED IN THE METHYL PHENYL CARBINOL DEHYDRATION PROCESS BY SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION; ABSTRACT; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. METHYL PHENYL CARBINOL DEHYDRATION PROCESS; SPENT CATALYST CHARACTERISTICS AND DESCRIPTION OF THE CONVENTIONAL REGENERATION PROCESS THERE OF; 3. MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT, APPLIED RESEARCH METHODS; 4. SOLUBILITY OF CATALYST DEACTIVATION COMPOUNDS IN SC-CO2

5. REGENERATION OF ACTIVE ALUMINA CATALYST USED IN THE METHYL PHENYL CARBINOL DEHYDRATION PROCESS BY SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION6. COMPARISON OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SAMPLES OF ACTIVE ALUMINA CATALYST REGENERATED BY THE CONVENTIONAL APPROACH AND SC-CO2 EXTRACTION; REFERENCES; Chapter 4: REGENERATION OF LD-265 PALLADIUM CATALYST USED IN THE HYDROGENATION OF DIENE HYDROCARBONS BY SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION; ABSTRACT; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. HYDROGENATION OF DIENE HYDROCARBONS, CHARACTERISTICS OF SPENT CATALYST AND DESCRIPTION OF ITS CONVENTIONAL REGENERATION PROCESS

3. MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT, APPLIED RESEARCH METHODS

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-63484-310-X