Energy sector use of fresh water : technology assessment and reduction opportunities / Ramon Osborne, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Osborne, Ramon, editor.

Series:

Energy science, engineering and technology series.

Energy Science, Engineering and Technology

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Water efficiency--United States.

Water efficiency.

Hydraulic fracturing--United States.

Hydraulic fracturing.

Thermoelectricity--United States.

Thermoelectricity.

United States.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (152 p.)

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Publishers, 2016.

Summary:

Many regions within the United States experience moderate to exceptional drought forcing state officials to make difficult choices regarding energy and water. Competition for freshwater continues to increase due to industrial, municipal, and especially agricultural and energy sector demand. This book assesses advanced and emerging technologies that can reduce water use in hydraulic fracturing and thermoelectric power plant cooling. It also examines the impact of regional differences in thermoelectric power generation on water use in water-stressed versus unstressed areas of the United States. Furthermore, this book addresses how the U.S. energy sector uses and relies on water.

Contents:

ENERGY SECTOR USE OF FRESH WATER TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT AND REDUCTION OPPORTUNITIES ; ENERGY SECTOR USE OF FRESH WATER TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT AND REDUCTION OPPORTUNITIES ; Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data; CONTENTS ; PREFACE ; Chapter 1 WATER IN THE ENERGY SECTOR: REDUCING FRESHWATER USE IN HYDRAULIC FRACTURING AND THERMOELECTRIC POWER PLANT COOLING* ; WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY ; WHAT GAO FOUND ; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ; Technologies to Reduce Freshwater Use in Hydraulic Fracturing ; Technologies to Reduce Freshwater Use for Cooling in Thermoelectric Power Generation

Regional Water Use and Technology Options for Cooling in Thermoelectric Power Plants ABBREVIATIONS ; Units of Measure ; 1. INTRODUCTION ; 2. BACKGROUND ; Water Use in Hydraulic Fracturing and Thermoelectric Power Generation ; Shale Oil and Gas Development Process ; Electric Power Generation ; Coal-Fired Thermoelectric Power Plants ; Natural Gas-Fired Thermoelectric Power Plants ; Nuclear Power Plants ; Thermoelectric Power Plants Using Renewable Fuels; Cooling Systems in Thermoelectric Power Plants ; Once-Through Cooling Systems ; Wet Recirculating Cooling Systems ; Dry Cooling Systems

3. ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES TO REDUCE FRESHWATER USE IN HYDRAULIC FRACTURING 3.1. Alternative Waterless and Water-Efficient Fracturing Technologies ; 3.1.1. LPG, Nitrogen, and Carbon Dioxide as Alternatives to Water ; 3.1.2. Foam-Based Fracturing ; 3.2. Channel Fracturing Technology ; 3.3. Water Management Practices: Treatment, Recycle, and Reuse ; 4. ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES TO REDUCE FRESHWATER USE IN THERMOELECTRIC POWER GENERATION; 4.1. ASSESSMENT OF ADVANCED COOLING TECHNOLOGIES: DIRECT DRY, INDIRECT DRY, AND HYBRID WET-DRY COOLING; 4.1.1. Direct Dry Cooling

4.1.2. Indirect Dry Cooling 4.1.3. Hybrid Wet-Dry Cooling ; 4.2. Assessment of Emerging Cooling Technologies ; 5. REGIONAL WATER USE AND TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS IN THERMOELECTRIC POWER GENERATION ; 5.1. Choice of Cooling System Impacts Water Use But Retrofit Options May Be Limited ; 5.2. Power Generation Technology Impacts Water Use ; 5.3. The Combination of Cooling System, Type of Fuel, and Type of Power Generation Determines a Plant's Overall Water Use

5.3.1. NGCC Power Plants Have an Efficient Power Generation Design Which Results in Relatively Low Water Consumption per Megawatt-Hour of Electricity Generated 5.3.2. Electricity Generation from Renewable Wind and Solar Photovoltaic Sources Can Save Freshwater; 5.4. Other Technological Opportunities May Exist for Water Savings in Thermoelectric Power Generation ; 5.4.1. Alternative Water Sources Can Be Treated and Used In Lieu of Freshwater ; 5.4.2. Operating At Higher Cycles of Concentration Can Reduce the Amount of Make-Up Water Needed ; 5.4.3. Recovered Water from Flue Gas Can Be Reused

5.4.4. Demand-Side Efficiencies Can Also Save Water

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-63484-732-6