Implementing full duplexing for 5G / David B. Cruickshank.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Cruickshank, David B., author.

Series:

Artech House mobile communications series.

Artech House mobile communications series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Wireless communication systems.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (257 pages).

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Boston ; London : Artech House, [2020]

Summary:

This book examines the current state of the art in developing full duplex (FD) systems in 5G LTE cellular communications. The book also considers what can be achieved with ferrite-based circulators in terms of size reduction and performance enhancement, especially at millimetric frequencies. The relative merits of ferrite and non-ferrite circulators are compared in terms of their fundamental materials and device technologies, such as isolation, insertion loss, bandwidth and non-linearity. FD in the entire 5G cell is also examined and its resulting range of equipment and device communication. This includes front-hauling, more sophisticated back and front-hauling, backhaul beam switching, and cell extenders and relays, all of which could involve FD.

Contents:

Intro

Implementing Full Duplexing for 5G

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction

1 Introduction to Duplexing in Cellular Infrastructure

1.1 Definition of Full and Half Duplexing

1.2 Cellular Transceiver Architecture

1.3 FDD and Half Duplexing

1.4 Filter Technology and FD

1.5 Noncommunications Applications of Full Duplexing

1.6 5G Full Duplexing in Pt-Pt Radios connecting Cells

1.7 Small Cell Organization and FD

1.8 Full Duplex Relays

1.9 Relaying Options

1.10 AF Versus DF, FD Versus HD

1.11 Patch Antennas

1.12 Patch Antenna Realizations

1.13 Enhanced Patch Antennas

1.14 Chapter Summary

2 Transceiver Architectures for Access Points and Small Base Stations

2.1 Introduction

2.2 FD Transceiver Architecture

2.3 Transceivers with Auxiliary Transmit or Receive Chains

2.4 SIC Work at Rice University, Texas

2.5 Microwave Signal Environment

2.6 Signal Environment Work at Rice University

2.7 SIC Work at Stanford University

2.8 Full Duplex MIMO

2.9 SIC Work at Tampere University

2.10 Comparison of Measured Transceivers from Rice, Stanford, and Tampere Universities

2.10.1 SISO, with a Circulator

2.10.2 SISO with Circulator versus Dual Antenna and Dual Polarization

2.10.3 Transceiver with Auxiliary Tx or Rx

2.11 Conclusions and Notes on FD Transceiver SIC for APs and Small Cells

3 FD in MIMO- and Massive-MIMO-Based Nodes

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Issues with FD Massive MIMO

3.3 Work at Rice University on FD MU-MIMO

3.4 Further Work on Joint Design of SIC and Beamforming

3.5 Massive MIMO Beamforming Alternatives

3.6 Massive MIMO for Self-Backhauling

3.7 Summary of Massive MIMO Capability

4 Full Duplex Mobile Devices

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Research at Columbia University

4.3 Research at University of Twente.

4.4 Research at ASU

4.5 Work at Washington University

4.6 Comparison of Reported CMOS SIC Transceivers

4.7 Summary

5 Near Antenna Frequency Tuning, Matching, and Hybrid Duplexing Circuits in Mobile Terminals

5.1 Introduction

5.2 FD SIC in Mobile Handsets

5.3 Tunable Antennas in Small Nodes

5.4 Antenna Size, Matching, and Tuning Mitigation Methods

5.5 Adaptive Impedance Matching

5.6 Capacitive Tuning Technologies

5.7 CMOS SOI

5.8 MEMS switching and tuning

5.9 Paraelectric Tuning

5.10 Hybrid Electrical-Balance Duplexer

5.11 Summary

6 Nonreciprocal Devices with and without Magnetic Materials

6.1 Introduction to Circulators

6.2 Ferrite Junction Devices

6.3 Linearly Configured Ferrite Devices

6.4 Nonmagnetic Nonreciprocal Linearly Configured Devices

6.5 STM Junction Circulators

6.6 Differential STM Junctions

6.7 Nonreciprocity Based on Staggered Commutation

6.8 Integrated Circulator-Based Transceivers

6.9 Conclusions on Chapters 4, 5, and 6 on Full Duplex Handsets Operating from 600 MHz to 2 GHz

6.9.1 Antenna

6.9.2 Antenna Tuner

6.9.3 Tx/Rx Isolation from a Circulator-Based Duplexer

6.9.4 Additional RF Analog Isolation

7 Millimetric Frequency Transceiver-Based Systems

7.1 Millimetric Propagation

7.2 Millimetric Transceivers for FD

7.3 Synchronized Conductivity Modulation (SCM)

7.4 Advances in CMOS for Millimetric Applications

7.5 Complete FD Millimetric Transceivers

7.6 Combining Millimetric Antenna Isolation solutions with CMOS Transceivers

7.7 Millimetric Link

7.8 Half Duplex CMOS Millimetric Links

7.9 Millimetric MIMO

7.10 Summary

8 New Developments in Magnetic and Dielectric Materials for Ferrite Circulators

8.1 The Reputation of Circulators in Cellular Devices

8.2 High Dielectric Constant Ferrite.

8.3 Experimental Proof of Size Reduction Using High Dielectric Constant Ferrite

8.4 Device Implications of Dielectric Constant

8.5 Miniaturization of Other Ferrite Devices

8.6 Effect of Permeability

8.6.1 Above Resonance Operation

8.6.2 Below Resonance Operation

8.7 Limits of Materials-Based Size Reduction in Ferrite Devices

8.8 Limits of Increasing Dielectric Constant of Ferrites in Devices

8.9 Higher Frequency Devices Using New Low Magnetization Garnets

8.10 Choice of Substituent Elements to Reduce Magnetization

8.11 Nonmagnetic Tetrahedral Substitution

8.12 Vanadium Substitution

8.13 Aluminum Substitution

8.14 Gadolinium Substitution

8.15 Comparison with Conventional Materials

8.16 Summary of the Effects of Individual Ions on the Behavior of Garnets

9 Circulators for Full Duplexing Covering 600 MHz to Low Microwave Frequencies

9.1 Lumped Element Circulators

9.1.1 Construction of Konishi Devices

9.2 Lumped Element Designs for Mobile Handsets

9.3 Discussion and Conclusions on Relative Merits of Table 9.1 Technologies

10 Circulators for Full Duplexing Covering 2−6 GHz

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Magnet Technology

10.3 Ferrite/Dielectric Composite Junctions

10.4 Magnetic Walls

10.5 Meandering of Transmission Lines and Transformers

10.6 Size Reduction using High Dielectric Constant Ferrites and Other Techniques

10.7 Segmented Dielectric Circulator Junction

10.8 Trends in Circulator Packaging

10.9 Subsystem Integration Versus Individual Surface Mount Components

10.10 Linear Devices

10.11 Further Size Reduction of Differential Phase Shift Circulator Structures

10.12 Tunable Microstrip Ferrite Differential Phase Shifters

10.13 Summary

11 Circulators as Duplexers for Millimetric Frequencies.

11.1 Background Overview of Half Duplexed Millimetric Implementation

11.2 Full Duplexing at Millimetric Frequencies

11.3 Ferrite Considerations for Millimetric Junction Circulator Applications

11.4 All Spinel Ferrite Millimetric Microstrip Junction Devices

11.5 Embedded Ferrite in Dielectric in Millimetric Microstrip Junction Devices

11.6 Self-Biased Junction Magnetic Devices Based on Remanence at Millimetric Frequencies

11.6.1 Self-Biased Junction Circulators Based on Hexagonal Ferrites.

11.6.2 Self-Biased Microstrip Circulators Based on Ferromagnetic Nanowires

11.7 Substrate Integrated Waveguide

11.8 Other SIW Devices

11.9 Summary of Circulator Realizations at Millimetric Frequencies

12 Spectrum Use and Transceiver Technology

12.1 Spectrum Use

12.2 FD

12.3 Flexible HD/FD operation

12.4 Circulator Size and Frequency Range

12.5 Integration of FD Transceiver Components

12.6 Conclusions About the Use of Circulators and FD

List of Acronyms

Index.

Notes:

Includes index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-63081-696-5