Instrumentation and measurement in electrical engineering / Roman Malaric.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Malaric, Roman, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Electrical engineering--Study and teaching.

Electrical engineering.

Electrical engineering--Textbooks.

Electrical engineering--Equipment and supplies.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (235 pages) : illustrations

Place of Publication:

Universal Publishers 2011

Summary:

The inclusion of an electrical measurement course in the undergraduate curriculum of electrical engineering is important in forming the technical and scientific knowledge of future electrical engineers. This book explains the basic measurement techniques, instruments, and methods used in everyday practice. It covers in detail both analogue and digital instruments, measurements errors and uncertainty, instrument transformers, bridges, amplifiers, oscilloscopes, data acquisition, sensors, instrument controls and measurement systems. The reader will learn how to apply the most appropriate measurement method and instrument for a particular application, and how to assemble the measurement system from physical quantity to the digital data in a computer. The book is primarily intended to cover all necessary topics of instrumentation and measurement for students of electrical engineering, but can also serve as a reference for engineers and practitioners to expand or refresh their knowledge in this field.

Contents:

Introduction Acronyms and Abbreviations 1. INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS - SI 1.1 DEFINITIONS OF THE SI BASE UNITS 1.2 REALIZATION OF UNITS 1.3 PHYSICAL STANDARDS OF UNITS 1.4 TRACEABILITY 1.5 UNITS OUTSIDE THE SI 1.6 SI PREFIXES 1.7 BINARY UNITS 2. MEASUREMENT ERRORS 2.1 GRAVE ERRORS 2.2 SYSTEMATIC ERRORS 2.3 RANDOM ERRORS 2.4 CONFIDENCE LIMITS 2.5 MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY 2.6 LIMITS OF ERROR (SPECIFICATIONS) 2.6.1 Indirectly Measured Quantities 3. MEASURING ELEMENTS 3.1 RESISTORS 3.1.1 Equivalent Circuit of the Resistor 3.1.2 Resistance Decades and Slide Resistors 3.1.3 Resistance Standards 3.1.4 Oil Bath 3.1.5 Group Standards 3.1.6 Hamon Transfer Resistor 3.1.7 Quantum Hall Resistance Standard 3.2 CAPACITORS 3.2.1 Equivalent Circuit of Capacitors 3.2.2 Capacitor Standards 3.3 INDUCTORS 3.3.1 Equivalent Circuit of Inductors 3.3.2 Inductance Standards 3.4 LABORATORY VOLTAGE SOURCES 3.5 VOLTAGE STANDARDS 3.5.1 Josephson Array Voltage Standard 3.5.2 Weston Voltage Standard 3.5.3 Electronic Voltage Standards 3.6 ADJUSTING THE CURRENT 3.6.1 Adjusting the Current with Potentiometer 3.6.2 Adjusting the Current with Resistor 4. ANALOGUE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS 4.1 BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANALOGUE INSTRUMENTS 4.1.1 Torque and Counter-Torque 4.1.2 The Scale and Pointing Device 4.1.3 Uncertainty in Reading Analogue Instruments 4.1.4 Sensitivity and Analogue Instrument Constant 4.1.5 Standards and Regulations for the Use of Analogue Electrical Measuring Instruments 4.2. INSTRUMENT WITH MOVING COIL AND PERMANENT MAGNET (IMCPM) 4.2.1 Extending the Measurement Range 4.2.2 Measurement of Alternating Current and Voltage Using IMCPM 4.2.3 Universal Measuring Instruments 4.3 INSTRUMENT WITH MOVING IRON 4.4 ELECTRODYNAMIC INSTRUMENT 4.5 ELECTRICITY METERING 4.5.1 Induction Meter 4.5.2 Electricity Meter Testing 5. BRIDGES AND CALIBRATORS 5.1 DC BRIDGES 5.1.1 Wheatstone Bridge 5.1.2 Sensitivity of Wheatstone bridge 5.1.3 Partially Balanced Wheatstone Bridge 5.1.4 Thompson Bridge 5.2 AC WHEATSTONE BRIDGE 5.3 DC COMPENSATION METHODS 5.4 CALIBRATORS 5.4.1 DC Calibrator 5.4.2 AC Calibrator 6. INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS 6.1 CONNECTING INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS 6.2 IDEAL AND REAL TRANSFORMERS 6.3 VOLTAGE INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER 6.4 CAPACITIVE MEASURING TRANSFORMERS 6.5 CURRENT INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER 6.6 CURRENT INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER ACCURACY TESTING 6.6.1 Schering and Alberti Method 6.6.2 Hohle Method 6.6 WINDING CONFIGURATIONS 7. AMPLIFIERS IN MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY 7.1. MEASURING AMPLIFIERS 7.2. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 7.3 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS 7.3.1 Inverting Amplifier 7.3.2 Summing Amplifier 7.3.3 Non-Inverting Amplifier 7.3.4 Integrating Amplifier 7.3.5 Differentiator Amplifier 7.3.6 Logarithmic Amplifier 7.3.7 Voltage Follower 7.3.8 Difference Amplifier 7.3.9 Instrumentation Amplifier 7.3.10 Active Guard 7.3.11 Current to Voltage Converter (Transimpedance Amplifier) 7.3.12 Voltage to Current Converter (Transconductance Amplifier) 7.4. MEASURING INSTRUMENTS USING OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 7.4.1. DC Electronic Voltmeters 7.4.2 AC Electronic Voltmeters 7.4.3 AC Voltmeters with Response to the Effective Value 8. OSCILLOSCOPES 8.1. CATHODE RAY TUBE 8.2. SYSTEM FOR VERTICAL DEFLECTION 8.3. SYSTEM FOR HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION 8.4. DESCRIPTION FRONT OSCILLOSCOPE PANEL (TEKTRONIX 2205) 8.5. MEASUREMENT USING OSCILLOSCOPES 8.6 DIGITAL STORAGE OSCILLOSCOPES (DSO) 8.6.1 Sampling Methods 9. DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS 9.1 ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS 9.1.1 A/D Converter of Voltage to Time 9.1.2 Dual Slope (Integrating) A/D Converter 9.1.3 Successive Approximation A/D Converter 9.1.4. Parallel A/D Converter 9.2 AC MEASUREMENT IN DIGITAL MULTIMETERS 9.3 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS 9.4 ELECTRONIC WATTMETER 9.5 ELECTRONIC ELECTRICITY METERS 10. MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES 10.1 VOLTAGE AND CURRENT MEASUREMENTS 10.1.1 Measurement of Small Currents and Voltages 10.1.2 Measurement of Large Currents 10.1.3 Measurement of High Voltages 10.2 POWER MEASUREMENT 10.2.1 Measurement of DC Power 10.2.2 Measurement of Power Using Watt-meters 10.2.3 Connecting the Wattmeter 10.2.4 Three Voltmeter Method 10.2.5 Three Ammeters Method 10.2.6 Measurement of Active Power in Three-Phase Systems 10.2.7 Aron Connection 10.3 RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT 10.3.1 Voltmeter-Ammeter Method 10.3.2 Compensation and Digital Voltmeter Methods 10.3.3 Measuring Resistance Using the Ohm-Meter 10.3.4 Digital Ohm-Meter 10.3.5 Measurement of Insulation Resistance 10.3.6 Measurement of High-Ohm Resistance 10.3.7 Measurement of Earth Resistance 10.3.8 Measurement of Soil Resistivity 10.4 MEASUREMENT OF IMPEDANCE 10.5 MEASUREMENT OF INDUCTANCE 10.5.1 Bridge with Variable Inductance 10.5.2 Maxwell Bridge 10.6 CAPACITANCE MEASUREMENT 10.6.1 Wien Bridge 10.6.2 Schering Bridge 10.6.3 Transformer Bridges 10.7 MEASURING IMPEDANCE BY SELF-ADJUSTING BRIDGE 10.8 TIME, FREQUENCY AND PERIOD MEASUREMENTS 11. INSTRUMENTATION AND COMPUTERS 11.1 HISTORY OF INSTRUMENTATION AND COMPUTERS, INTERFACES AND BUSES 11.2. INTERFACE BUSES FOR STANDALONE INSTRUMENTS 11.2.1 General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB) 11.2.2 IEEE 488.2 Standard 11.2.3 HS488 11.2.4 RS-232 and RS-485 Serial Connection 11.2.5 Ethernet and VXI-11 Standard 11.2.6 LXI - LAN Extensions for Instrumentation 11.2.7 Universal Serial Bus (USB) and USTMC Class 11.2.8 IEEE 1394 11.2.9 Comparison of Interface Buses for Standalone Instruments 11.3. INTERFACE BUSES FOR MODULAR INSTRUMENTS 11.3.1 Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) and PCI Express Bus 11.3.2 VXI (VMEbus eXtensions for Instrumentation) Bus 11.3.3 PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation (PXI) 11.3.4 Wireless Connectivity in Measurement Applications 11.4 SOFTWARE SUPPORT FOR INSTRUMENT CONTROL 11.4.1 Virtual Instrumentation 11.4.2 Graphical Programming 11.4.3 LabVIEW™ Graphical Programming Language 11.4.4 IEEE 488.2 11.4.5 Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments 11.4.6 Virtual Instrument Software Architecture (VISA) 11.4.7 Instrument Drivers 12. MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS 12.1 MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS OVERVIEW 12.2 SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS 12.2.1 Thermocouples 12.2.2 Resistance Thermal Devices (RTDs) 12.2.3 Thermistors 12.2.4 Strain Gauges 12.2.5 Linear Voltage Differential Transformer (LVDT) 12.2.6 Potentiometers as Displacement Sensors 12.2.7 Accelerometers 12.2.8 Micro Machined Inertial Sensors (MEMS) 12.3 TYPES OF SIGNALS 12.4 SIGNAL CONDITIONING 12.4.1 Amplification 12.4.2 Excitation 12.4.3 Linearization 12.4.4 Isolation 12.4.5 Filtering 12.4.6 Comparison of Signal Conditioning Requirements for Different Sensors 12.5 DATA ACQUISITION HARDWARE 12.5.1 DAQ Characteristics 12.5.2 Grounding Issues of DAQ Measurement System 12.5.3 Sources of Noise in the DAQ Measurement System 12.6 EMBEDDED AND SYSTEM ON CHIP (SoC) MEASUREMENT SYSTEM 12.6.1 Smart Sensors 12.6.2 Wireless Sensor Networks

Notes:

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (EBC, viewed February 9, 2018).

ISBN:

9781612335254

161233525X