Biochemistry.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Yadav, Meera.

Contributor:

Yadav, H. S.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Molecular biology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (441 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

UAE : Bentham Science Publishers, 2021.

Summary:

Biochemistry: Fundamentals and Bioenergetics presents information about the basic and applied aspects of the chemistry of living organisms. The textbook covers the scope and importance of biochemistry, the latest physical techniques to determine biomolecular structure, detailed classification, structure and function of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins, enzymes and hormones. Readers will also learn about processes central to energy metabolism including photosynthesis and respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, DNA replication, transcription and translation, recombinant DNA technology.

Contents:

Cover

Title

Copyright

End User License Agreement

Contents

Foreword

Preface

List of Contributors

Scope and Importance of Biological Chemistry

Nene Takio1, Meera Yadav1,* and Hardeo Singh Yadav1

INTRODUCTION

CENTRE OF BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS

BRANCHES IN BIOCHEMISTRY

Enzymology

Factors Affecting the Enzyme Activity

Endocrinology

Molecular Biology

Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Applications of Genetic Engineering

Structural and Metabolic Biochemistry

WHY UNDERSTANDING BIOCHEMISTRY IS IMPORTANT?

Importance of Biochemistry in Medicine

Drug Designing

Diagnosis

Nutrition

Importance of Biochemistry in Agriculture

Importance of Biochemistry in Nutrition

Importance of Biochemistry in Pathology

Importance of Biochemistry in Pharmacy

Drug Constitution

The Half-life

Drug Storage

Drug Metabolism

Importance of Biochemistry in Plants

Photosynthesis

Different Sugars

Plants Secondary Metabolites

RECENT TRENDS IN BIOCHEMISTRY

Human Genome Project

Application and Benefits of Human Genome Project (HGP)

Environmental Biochemistry

Biomarkers

Biosensors

Latest Developments in Environmentally Friendly Biosensors

Gene Therapy

CANCER

KEYWORDS

Genome

Biopsy

Genotype

Xenobiotics

Transgenes

SHORT-ANSWER TYPE QUESTION

LONG-ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Structure of Water: Acid-Base and Buffers

Hydrogen Bonding

Nivedita Rai1, Shilpa Saikia1, Meera Yadav1,* and Hardeo Singh Yadav1

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF WATER

ACID AND BASE CONCEPT

Properties of Acids and Bases According to Robert Boyle

The Arrhenius Definition of Acids and Bases.

Limitations of Arrhenius Theory

Bronsted Definition of Acids and Bases

Conjugate Acids and Bases

The Acid-Base Chemistry of Water

Lewis Acid-base Concept

pH Scale

HYDROGEN BONDING IN WATER

TYPES OF HYDROGEN BOND

HYDROPHOBIC

HISTORY

NOMENCLATURE

SUMMARY

Electrostatic and Van Der Waals Forces

Nene Takio1, Dencil Basumatary1, Meera Yadav1,* and Hardeo Singh Yadav1

FUNDAMENTAL FORCES IN BIOMOLECULES

Covalent Bonds

Non-Covalent Bonds

HYDROGEN BONDING

HYDROGEN BONDING AND ITS ROLE IN DNA

HYDROGEN BONDING IN PROTEINS

ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS

ROLE IN PROTEIN FOLDING

MOLECULAR RECOGNITION

VANDER WAALS INTERACTIONS

Dipole-dipole/Keesom Interactions

Dipole Induced Dipole/Debye Forces

London Dispersion Forces

HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTION

Causes of Hydrophobic Interactions

Thermodynamics of Hydrophobic Interactions

Formation of Hydrophobic Interactions

Strength of Hydrophobic Interactions

Temperature

Number of Carbon Atoms on the Molecules

Shape of Hydrophobes

Hydrophobic Interactions in Protein Folding

Zwitterions

Glycine vs. Carbonic Acid

Titration Curves

Buffer Capacity and Buffer Intensity

ROLE OF FORCES IN BIOMOLECULES

Vander Waals Contact Distance

Dipole-dipole Interactions

Thermophiles

Supramolecules

Introduction To Physical Techniques for Determination of Structure of Biopolymers

Nene Takio1, Meera Yadav1,* and SonamTashi Khom1

INTRODUCTION.

BIOPOLYMER TECHNIQUES

X-ray Crystallography

Diffraction in X-ray Crystallography

Applications

NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)

Electron Microscopy

Principle of Electron Microscopy

Types of Electron Microscopy

Transmission Microscopy (TEM)

SEM VS. TEM

SEM vs. TEM Advantages

Compared to SEMs, TEMs

Electron Tomography

Mosaicity

Pleomorphism

Fourier Transforms

Synchrotrons

Structure and Function of Biological Biomolecules: Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids and Biomembranes

Nagendra Nath Yadav1,*, Saroj Yadav2 and Archana Pareek1

CARBOHYDRATES

Synthesis of Carbohydrates

Function of Carbohydrates

Classification

Based on their Behavior Upon Hydrolysis

Based on their Taste

Based on their Reaction (Oxidation)

CLASSIFICATION OF MONOSACCHARIDES

STRUCTURE OF MONOSACCHARIDES

D &amp

L CONFIGURATION (RELATIVE CONFIGURATION)

ENANTIOMER

Optical activity of sugars: (d+) or (l-) form

Racemic mixture: (±) or (d, l) form

ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION (R, S - FORM)

FISCHER PROJECTION FORMULA OF CARBOHYDRATES

D-glyceraldehyde or R-(+)-Glyceraldehyde (CHOCHOHCH2OH)

D-Glucose and D-Fructose

CYCLIC STRUCTURE OF MONOSACCHARIDES

PYRANOSE AND FURANOSE STRUCTURE

Structure of D-Fructose

HAWORTH PROJECTION FORMULA

ANOMERS AND MUTAROTATION

Structure of few monosaccharides

GLUCOSE (Dextrose or Grape Sugar or Blood Sugar)

Chemical Properties of Glucose (Tautomerization):

Formation of Glycosides

Oxidation Reaction

DISACCHARIDES (SUCROSE, MALTOSE AND LACTOSE)

Sucrose (table sugar, cane sugar, beet sugar):

Biological Importance.

Inversion of Cane Sugar

Structure of Sucrose

Maltose (malt sugar):

Biological Importance

Structure

Lactose

Occurrence

POLYSACCHARIDES (Starch, glycogen, and cellulose)

Starch (Homopolysaccharides from D-Glucose)

Amylose

Amylopectin

Glycogen

Cellulose

AMINO ACIDS

Optical Isomerism in Amino Acid

Classification of Amino Acids

Non-polar Amino Acids having Hydrophobic R-groups

Polar Amino Acids with no Change on R-group

Polar Amino Acids with a Positive Charge on R-group

Polar Amino Acids with Negative R-group

Classification of Amino Acids Based on Nutritional Requirement

Chemical Properties

Reaction Due to -COOH Group

Reaction due to -NH2 group

PROTEINS

Structure of proteins

Primary structure

β-pleated Sheet

Tertiary Structure of Protein

Quaternary Structure of Protein

Properties of Proteins

Colour Reactions

Xanthoprotic Test

Biuret Test

Millon's Reaction

Ninhydrin Reaction

Classification of Protein

Based on Biological Function

Simple Proteins

NUCLEIC ACIDS

Primary Structure

Bonding and Nomenclature of Nucleotides and Nucleosides

Nucleoside di- and tri-phosphate

Structure of polynucleotide (nucleic acid)

Secondary Structure

Tertiary Structure

Quaternary Structure

Structure of RNA

LIPIDS

Classification of Lipids

Derived Lipids

Nomenclature of Fatty Acids

Abbreviation of Nomenclature of Fatty Acids

Triacylglycerols (Triglycerides)

Structure of Acylglycerols

Properties of Triacylglycerols

Phospholipids

Cholesterol

Brassinosteroids

Terpenes

Carotenoids

Chlorophyll

BIO-MEMBRANES

Composition

Functions

Eukaryotic Cells

Thylakoid Membrane.

Integral Protein

Peripheral Protein

Endocytosis

Structure and Biological Function of Vitamins

Nagendra Nath Yadav1, Archana Pareek1,* and Sonam Tashi Khom1

CLASSIFICATION

VITAMIN A

Sources of Vitamin A

Deficiencies of Vitamin A

Health Benefits of Vitamin A

Side Effects due to Excess of Vitamin A

VITAMIN D

Sources of Vitamin D

Deficiencies of Vitamin D

Health Benefits of Vitamin D

Side Effects due to Excess of Vitamin D

VITAMIN E

SOURCES OF VITAMIN E

Deficiencies of Vitamin E

Health Benefits of Vitamin E

Side Effects due to Excess of Vitamin E

VITAMIN K

Sources of Vitamin K

Deficiencies of Vitamin K

Health Benefits of Vitamin K

Side Effects due to Excess of Vitamin K

VITAMIN C

Sources of Vitamin C

Deficiencies of Vitamin C

Health Benefits of Vitamin C

Side Effects due to Excess of Vitamin C

VITAMIN B-COMPLEX

VITAMIN B1

Sources of Vitamin B1

Deficiencies of Vitamin B1

Health Benefits of Vitamin B1

Side Effects Due to Excess Vitamin B1

VITAMIN B2

Sources of Vitamin B2

Deficiencies of Vitamin B2

Health Benefits of Vitamin B2

Side Effects due to Excess of Vitamin B2

VITAMIN B3

Sources of Vitamin B3

Deficiencies of Vitamin B3

Health Benefits of Vitamin B3

Side Effects Due to Excess of Vitamin B3

VITAMIN B5

Sources of Vitamin B5

Deficiencies of Vitamin B5

Health Benefits of Vitamin B5

Side Effects Due to Excess of Vitamin B5

VITAMIN B6

Sources of Vitamin B6

Deficiencies of Vitamin B6

Health Benefits of Vitamin B6

Side Effects Due to Excess Vitamin B6

VITAMIN B7

Sources of Vitamin B7.

Deficiencies of Vitamin B7.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

1-68108-847-9

OCLC:

1286427649