Engineering combustion essentials / by David S-K Ting.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Ting, David S-K., author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Combustion.

Spark ignition engines--Combustion--Computer simulation.

Spark ignition engines.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (301 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Newcastle upon Tyne, UK : Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018.

Summary:

Whether in the Stone Age or in Greek mythology, fire has always been the essence of life. As G.G. Brown put it in 1928, "Combustion is without exaggeration the most important reaction to the human race. All human and animal existence depends upon combustion as its course of energy." This book provides a detailed description of the elements of combustion, offering descriptive figures, illustrative quips, and analogies to facilitate understanding.It begins with some historical highlights of the understanding of combustion and technological progresses. It then discusses the thermodynamic and chemical kinetics underlying the fast chemical reactions, before expounding on the fundamental combustion wave, or flame. After this, the book moves onto the premixed turbulent flame and the spark-ignited turbulent flame, before considering the diffusion-controlled, non-premixed flame in both laminar and turbulent forms. The book concludes with explanations of wonderful natural combustion, fire, fire-retarding slime and DNA, and the amazing bombardier beetle.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgements

Chapter One

1.1 What is Combustion?

1.2 Combustion in Applications

1.3 A Highlight of Combustion Science Development

1.3.1 The Phlogiston Theory

1.3.2 Antoine Lavoisier

1.3.3 Other Combustion Milestones

1.4 Historical Perspective of Combustion Technology

1.4.1 Lighting

1.4.2 Steam Boilers

1.4.3 Internal Combustion Engines

1.4.4 Gas Turbines

1.5 Book Layout

Chapter Two

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Fuels

2.3 Stoichiometry

2.3.1 Air/Fuel Ratios

2.3.2 Equivalence Ratios

2.3.3 Reactive Additives

2.4 Thermodynamic Property Relations

2.4.1 Equation of State

2.4.2 Calorific Equations of State

2.4.3 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures

2.4.4 Amagat's Law of Additive V

2.4.5 Ideal Gas Mixtures

2.5 Thermodynamic Laws and Functions

2.5.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics for a Fixed Mass (Closed System)

2.6 Enthalpy: Vaporization, Formation, Combustion

2.6.1 Latent Heat of Vaporization

2.6.2 Heat of Formation

2.6.3 Heat of Combustion

2.6.4 Heating Value

2.7 Adiabatic Flame Temperature

Chapter Three

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The Second Law of Thermodynamics

3.2.1 Thermodynamic Functions

3.3 Equilibrium of Thermodynamic Systems

3.3.1 Constant-Volume Process

3.3.2 Constant-Temperature Process

3.3.3 Constant-Pressure-and-Temperature Process

3.3.4. Chemical Potential Minimization

3.3.5. Equilibrium Constants

3.4 Dissociation

Chapter Four

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Global versus Elementary Reactions

4.2.1 Global Reactions

4.2.2 Order of Reaction

4.3 Elementary Reactions

4.3.1 Molecularity of a Reaction

4.3.2 The Law of Mass Action

4.4 Types of Chemical Reactions

4.4.1 First-Order Reactions

4.4.2 Second-Order Reactions

4.4.3 Consecutive Reactions.

4.4.4 Opposing or Reversible Reactions

4.4.5 Chain Reactions

4.5 The Arrhenius Law and the Collision Theory

4.6 Pressure and Temperature Effects on Reaction Rate

4.6.1 Pressure Effect

4.6.2 Temperature Effect

4.7 Net Production Rates

4.8 Chemical Time Scales

Chapter Five

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Laminar Flame Speed, Flame Propagation Speed, and Mass Burning Rate

5.2.1 The Freely Propagating Planar Flame

5.2.2 The Freely Propagating Spherical Flame

5.2.3 The Confined Spherical Flame

5.3 The Structure of a Combustion Wave

5.4 Laminar Flame Speed Measurements

5.4.1 The Non-Existing Ideal Planar Combustion Wave

5.4.2 A Stationary Spherical Flame

5.4.3 Common Flame Observation Methods

5.4.4 Bunsen Burner

5.4.5 Soap Bubble

5.4.6 Constant-Volume Chamber

5.4.7 Flat-Flame Burner

5.4.8 Stagnation and Opposed-Flame Burners

5.5. Premixed Laminar Flame Theories

5.5.1 Thermal Theory

5.5.2 Thermal-Species - Thermal Theory with Species Diffusion

5.5.3 Modern Comprehensive Theories or Models

Chapter Six

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Fundamental Characteristics of Turbulence

6.3 Characterization of Turbulence

6.4 Scales of the Swirls

Chapter Seven

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Premixed Laminar Flame

7.1.2 Premixed Turbulent Flame

7.2 A Quick Recap of Flow Turbulence

7.3 Premixed Turbulent Burner Flames

7.4 Relative Scales of Flow and Combustion

7.5 Categorization of Premixed Turbulent Flame Regimes

7.5.1 IJflow &gt

&gt

IJchem or Ȝ/u' &gt

įl/Sl

7.5.2 IJflow &lt

IJchem or Ȝ/u' &lt

7.5.3 Further Remarks on Premixed Turbulent Flame Regimes

7.6 Turbulent Length Scale and the Flame Surface Area

7.6.1 A Saturated, Wrinkled Flame Front

7.6.2 An Unsaturated. Wrinkled Flame Front.

7.6.3 Comments on the Turbulent Length Scale in Premixed Combustion

Chapter Eight

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Turbulent Flame Acceleration and the Driving Mechanisms

8.2.1 Progressive Flame-Turbulence Interaction (The Evolution Mechanism)

8.2.2 Relative Flame / Eddy Size

8.2.3 Volume Expansion Effect (Expanding-Pushing Mechanism)

8.2.4 Darrieus-Landau Instability

8.2.5 Attenuation of Flame Front Wrinkling

8.2.6 Further Progressive Turbulent Flame Growth Evidence

8.2.7 Additional Remarks on Turbulent Flame Acceleration

8.3 Other Parameters for Characterizing Turbulent Flames

8.3.1 Correlating Turbulent Flame Speed with Strain Rate

8.3.2 Correlating Turbulent Flame Speed with Fractal Lengths

8.4 Lewis Number and Markstein Number

8.4.1 Lewis Number

8.4.2 Markstein Number

8.5 Rapid Distortion Theory

8.6 In-Cylinder Flows

8.8 A Fast-Burn, Low-Emission, Spark-Ignition Engine

8.8.1 Background

8.8.2 A Fast-Burn, Low-Emission Engine Cylinder

Chapter Nine

9.1 Introduction

9.2 One-Dimensional Diffusion Flame

9.3 Two-Dimensional Diffusion Jet Flame

9.3.1 Elementary Laminar Jet

9.3.2 Rudimentary Laminar Jet Flame

9.3.3 The Burke-Schumann Flame

9.4 Laminar to Turbulent Diffusion Flame

9.5 Turbulent Non-Premixed Flame

9.6 Some Remarks on Turbulent Non-Premixed Flame

Chapter Ten

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Droplet Combustion

10.2.1 The d2-Law of Droplet Vaporization

10.2.2 The d2-Law of Droplet Combustion

10.3 Spray Formation

10.4 Comments on Spray-Turbulence-Combustion Interactions

Chapter Eleven

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Fire

11.3 Natural Fire Survivors and Retardants

11.4 The Amazing Bombardier Beetle

Appendix.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

1-5275-1687-3

OCLC:

1055656304