Non-soil biochar applications / Dimitrios Kalderis, Dimitrios Ntarlagiannis and Pantelis Soupios, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Kalderis, Dimitrios, editor.

Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios, editor.

Soupios, Pantelis, editor.

Series:

Environmental Science, Engineering and Technology

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biochar.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (278 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, 2018.

Summary:

Biochar is a carbon rich solid material resulting from the pyrolysis of biomass under oxygen-free and low temperature conditions. Although most research is directed towards the application of biochar to soils, there are several other biochar properties that render it a suitable candidate for non-soil applications. A growing number of studies have tested biochar as a composite in building materials, as a hazardous substance adsorbent in drinking water and wastewater, and as a component in filters for indoor air quality and storm water management. The potential to utilize biochar for various applications depends on its properties. For example, biochar with high electrical conductivity, porosity and stability at lower temperatures is preferred as electrodes material in microbial fuel cells. Biochar containing relatively high structural bound oxygen groups is preferred in direct carbon fuel cells. On the other hand, biochars with increased particle strength, hydrophobicity and high surface area are suitable candidates for the development of reusable catalysts for chemical reactions. These new high-value applications are still in their infancy, and further research and development is needed to reach commercialization. Optimum reaction conditions for producing biochar are not always the same and reproducibility is often not satisfactory, even when the same biomass is used and the same production conditions are present. This book on non-soil biochar applications aims to highlight the diversity of biochar as a multi-functional material and introduce some new and emerging applications to the wider scientific community. It will act as a reference document to all groups and individuals working or interested in biochar research and will be a valuable contribution to existing published literature.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1

Challenges and Opportunities in the Field of Energy Storage: Supercapacitors and Activated Biochar

Abstract

Preliminary Considerations

Energy Production and the Storage Issue

Supercapacitors

Pyrolytic Conversion of Biomasses

New Perspectives: Use of Biochar Based Materials for Supercapacitors

Activation of Biochar: Physical and Chemical Pathways

Activated Biochar as Material for Supercapacitors

Conclusion

References

Chapter 2

Biochar Cookstoves as a Potential Clean Energy Source for Household Heating and Cooking in Developing Countries

Introduction

Biochar Technology as a Household Energy Source

Household Heating and Cooking: The Case for Biochar Cookstoves

Biochar Cookstoves: The Fundamental Design Considerations

Biochar Feedstocks and Biochar-Producing Cookstoves

Performance Evaluation of Biochar Cookstoves

Beyond Energy: Potential Co-Benefits of Biochar Technology

Constraints and Future Research Directions

Socio-Economic Constraints and Barriers

Knowledge Gaps and Future Research Directions

Design of Biochar Cookstoves

Chapter 3

Biochars as Potential Adsorbents in Household Water Filters for Clean Drinking Water Provision in Developing Countries

Appropriate Water Treatment Methods

Fundamental Considerations

Low-Cost Water Treatment Methods

Biochar Technology and Drinking Water Treatment

Synthesis of Biochar Adsorbents and Their Properties

Biochars as Adsorbents for Removal of Contaminant in Aqueous Systems

Inorganic Contaminants

Organic Contaminants

Pathogenic and Indicator Organisms.

Conceptual Design Configurations of Biochar Water Filters

Discussion

Summary, Conclusions and Outlook

Chapter 4

Application of Biochar in Advanced Oxidation Processes

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)

Biochar Definition and Background

Environmental Biochar Application for Remediation of Toxic Metal-Contaminated Media

Biochar Applications for Removal of Toxic Metals

Environmental Application of Biochar in Systems Influenced by Organic Pollutants

Dye Removal

Pesticides and Herbicides Removal

Pharmaceuticals Removal

Recommendations for Future Studies

Chapter 5

Re-Examining the Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Effect: Using Water Hyacinth Biochar for Controlling Indoor Carbon Dioxide Levels

Literature Review

Concept of Green Chimney and the Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Effect

Water Hyacinth

Factors Affecting Carbon Dioxide Sorptivity of Biochar

Materials and Methods

High Carbon Dioxide Dosage of Water Hyacinth and Production of Biochar

Calculation of Carbon Dioxide Adsorbed by Biochar

Experimental Results and Discussion

High Carbon Dioxide Treatment of Water Hyacinth Samples

Chapter 6

Wastewater Treatment Using Paper Mill Waste Biochar as a Bio-Adsorbent: A Techno-Economic Assessment

Sources of Biochar and Application in Wastewater Treatment

Biochar Production Processes

Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Bio-Adsorbents

Characteristics of Textile Wastewater

Color

Dissolved Solids

Toxic Metals

Residual Chlorine

COD and BOD

Biochar Production and Characterization.

Determination of Textile Wastewater and Treat Effluent Characteristics

Bio-Adsorption Equipment Set Up

Pre-Economic Assessment

Results and Discussion

Biochar Physicochemical Characteristics

Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on Biochar Yield

Effect of Adsorption Time on Treated Effluent pH

Effect of Biochar on the Textile Wastewater Properties

Process Design

Textile Wastewater Storage

Primary Treatment

Flotation

Adsorption Using Biochar

Economic Assessment Basis

Total Fixed Capital Investment

Equipment Cost

Cost of Purchased Equipment

Cost of Additional Accessories

Total Equipment Cost

Fixed Capital

Total Production Costs

Manufacturing Costs

Operating and Labor Costs

Revenue

Cash Flow Forecast

Return on Investment

Payback Period

Break Even Analysis

Site Selection and Plant Layout

Site Selection

Plant Layout

Safety Considerations

Costing Considerations

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Site Preparation Environmental Impact

Construction Phase Environmental Impact

Operational and Decommissioning Phase Environmental Impact

Chapter 7

Biodiesel Production Using Biochar as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

1. Introduction

2. Biochar Preparation and Activation Techniques

3. Production of Biodiesel Using Biochar as Catalyst

Chapter 8

Biochar as Sorbent for the Treatment of Inorganic Pollutants in Water and Wastewater

2. Biochar as a Sorbent for Heavy Metals

2.1. Divalent Metals

2.2. Other Metals

2.3. Magnetic Biochar

2.4. Disposal of Spent Biochar

3. Biochar as a Sorbent for Ammonium and Other Non-Metal Cations

3.1. Ammonium

3.2. Other Non-Metal Cations.

4. Biochar as a Sorbent for Phosphate and Other Anions

4.1. Phosphate

4.2. Other Anionic Non-Metals

4.3. Anionic Metal(loid)s

About the Editors

Index

Blank Page.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781536139389

1536139386

OCLC:

1060605611