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Competition in the Gray Zone: Countering China's Coercion Against U.S. Allies and Partners in the Indo-Pacific
- Format:
- Book
- Author/Creator:
- Lin, Bonny
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- Security, International--Indo-Pacific Region.
- Security, International.
- Information warfare.
- International economic relations.
- Low-intensity conflicts (Military science).
- Military policy.
- Strategic aspects of individual places.
- China--Military policy.
- China.
- Indo-Pacific Region--Strategic aspects.
- Indo-Pacific Region.
- Other Title:
- Competition in the Gray Zone
- Place of Publication:
- RAND Corporation 2022
- Summary:
- Few studies have systematically tracked how China is using gray zone tactics-coercive activities beyond normal diplomacy and trade but below the use of kinetic military force-against multiple U.S. allies and partners. Lacking a foundational empirical baseline, it is difficult to determine patterns and trends in Chinese activities to develop effective counters to them. The authors developed a framework to categorize China's use of gray zone tactics against five U.S. allies and partners in the Indo-Pacific and to identify the most problematic People's Republic of China (PRC) tactics that the United States could prioritize countering. Based on open-source material, this report provides a more in-depth understanding of Chinese operations in the gray zone. Among other conclusions, the authors observe that China views gray zone activities as natural extensions of how countries exercise power. China employs such tactics to balance maintaining a stable, favorable external environment with efforts to alter the status quo in China's favor without triggering major pushback or conflict. It has used nearly 80 such tactics on its neighbors, often in relation to territorial disputes.
- Contents:
- Chapter One: Introduction
- Chapter Two: How Does China View Competition in the Gray Zone?
- Chapter Three: What Drives and Enables China's Gray Zone Activities?
- Chapter Four: China's Gray Zone Activities Against Taiwan
- Chapter Five: China's Gray Zone Activities Against Japan
- Chapter Six: China's Gray Zone Activities Against Vietnam
- Chapter Seven: China's Gray Zone Activities Against India
- Chapter Eight: Comparing China's Use of Gray Zone Tactics Across Regions
- Chapter Nine: Which PRC Tactics Could the United States Prioritize Countering?
- Chapter Ten: Conclusions and Recommendations
- Appendix A: China's Use of Gray Zone Coercion Against the Philippines
- Appendix B: PRC Use of Gray Zone Tactics Against Five Allies and Partners
- Appendix C: Assessing Problematic PRC Tactics
- Appendix D Russia's Approach to Gray Zone Activities in the Indo-Pacific
- Appendix E: How Russia Employs Gray Zone Tactics in Europe.
- Notes:
- See also RAND/RB-A594-1
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