Violent extremism in America : interviews with former extremists and their families on radicalization and deradicalization / Ryan Andrew Brown [and six others].

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Brown, Ryan Andrew, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Radicalism--United States--21st century.

Radicalism.

United States.

Other Title:

Violent Extremism in America

Place of Publication:

Santa Monica, Calif. RAND Corporation 2021

Summary:

Terrorism and ideologically inspired violence represent persistent and serious threats to U.S. national security. The January 6, 2021, attack at the U.S. Capitol and other recent events emphasize the need for more research to inform prevention and deradicalization strategies. In this report, the authors aim to characterize why and how individuals joined extremist organizations, as well as how some of them exited these groups. Semistructured interviews were conducted with former extremists and their family members, representing 32 unique stories of 24 white supremacists and eight Islamic extremists. Exposure to propaganda on the internet, in music, and in books and literature was present in more than two-thirds of the sample. Although formal, top-down recruitment occurred for three Islamic extremists, the majority of white supremacists actively sought out participation in extremist organizations. Among the sample, 26 had exited the organizations; of those, six were still undergoing cognitive and emotional deradicalization. Among those who exited, 22 mentioned that a person or group intervened to help them by providing diverse cultural and demographic exposures, emotional support, financial stability, or domestic stability. Interviewees also addressed such systemic issues as unemployment and the need for more-affordable and easily accessible mental health care. These interviews led to recommendations for both research and practice that emphasize the importance of incorporating the voices of those with personal experience and knowledge of ideological extremism into future research designs and efforts to prevent radicalization and promote deradicalization.

Contents:

Introduction and Background

Overview of the Literature

Methods

Background Characteristics of Radical Extremists

Pathways to Radicalization

Deradicalizing and Leaving Extremist Organizations

Participant Perspectives on Mitigation Strategies

Synthesis and Recommendations

Appendix A: Literature Review Methods and Scope

Appendix B: Interview Protocols.