Systems, Decision and Control in Energy IV : Volume IІ. Nuclear and Environmental Safety / edited by Artur Zaporozhets, Oleksandr Popov.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Zaporozhets, Artur, editor.

Popov, Oleksandr, editor.

Series:

Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 2198-4190 ; 456

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Engineering mathematics.

Engineering--Data processing.

Engineering.

Electric power distribution.

Energy policy.

Mathematical and Computational Engineering Applications.

Energy Grids and Networks.

Energy System Transformation.

Local Subjects:

Mathematical and Computational Engineering Applications.

Energy Grids and Networks.

Energy System Transformation.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (351 pages)

Edition:

1st ed. 2023.

Place of Publication:

Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland : Imprint: Springer, 2023.

Summary:

Radioactive pollution accompanies all parts of the complex production of nuclear energy: the extraction and processing of uranium, the operation of nuclear power plants, the storage and regeneration of fuel, which has a significant impact on the environmental friendliness of nuclear energy. In addition, up to 300 natural and technogenic emergencies are registered annually, as a result of which people die and great economic damage is caused. The main reasons for the occurrence of technogenic accidents and catastrophes and the strengthening of the negative impact due to the occurrence of natural and technogenic emergencies in Ukraine are: obsolete fixed assets, in particular for environmental purposes; large volume of transportation, storage and use of hazardous substances; the emergency state of a significant part of public utility networks; insufficient investment support for the process of introducing the latest resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologiesin environmentally hazardous industries, primarily in the metallurgical, chemical, petrochemical and energy sectors; environmental problems associated with significant changes in the state of the geological and hydrogeological environment and caused by the closure of unprofitable mining enterprises and mines; unwillingness of economic subjects to take measures to prevent accidents and catastrophes at high-risk and potentially hazardous facilities. All this has led to the formation in Ukraine of a significant pool of scientists and specialists involved in the solution of environmental safety, in particular nuclear safety. Today there is a great need for the accumulation and systematization of this knowledge. This book consists of 2 parts, and this part consists of 2 sections: Nuclear Power Engineering and Environmental Safety.

Contents:

Intro

Preface

Contents

Nuclear Power Engineering

Current State and Prospects of Smallmodule Reactors Application in Different Countries of the World

1 Introduction

2 The Main Material Presentation

2.1 Features of Small Modular Reactors Operation

2.2 World Experience in the Development of Small Modular Reactors

3 Conclusions

References

Modeling of Radiation Characteristics of Fuel-Containing Materials of the Shelter Object for Calculation Dose Rate

2 Nuclear Fuel and Fuel-Containing Materials

2.1 Nuclear Fuel

2.2 Fuel-Containing Materials

3 Calculation of Irradiation and Cooling of Fuel

4 The Determinate of Material Balance for Modeling FCM

5 Description of the Model for Calculations

6 Results

7 Conclusions

Features of the Modern UAV-Based Complexes Use to Solve Radiation Control Problems

2 Mobile Platforms

3 Air Platforms

3.1 Aircrafts with a Pilot

3.2 UAVs

4 Platforms to Solve Radiation Control Problems

5 Problems with UAVs Use

6 Examples of UAVs Using to Solve Radiation Control Problems

Features of Management of the Emergency Situation of Terrorist Nature on the Protected Critical Infrastructure of Ukraine

2 Justification of the Emergency Situation as a Spatio-temporal Process

3 Chronological Stages of Emergency Development

4 Tasks of Emergency Management

5 Generalized Structural and Logical Model of Emergency Management

6 Conclusions

Analysis of Existing Types and Protection Methods Against Neutron Radiation from Different Sources

2 Means and Measures of Protection Against Ionizing Radiation

3 Protection Against Neutron Radiation from Various Sources

3.1 Boron

3.2 Gadolinium

4 Conclusions.

References

Neutron Incident at the Chornobyl NPP Shelter Object: Study of the Causes and Impacts of Safety in the New Confinement

2 Chronology of Neutron Incident and Results of Neutron Detectors Measurement

3 Supply of NAM Solution in the Area of DU № 50 Localization

4 Restoration of the NFD Dynamics in the NDFM Cluster

5 Determining the Cause of a Neutron Incident

6 Estimation of NFD, Reactivity, and Maximum Kef During the 1990 Neutron Incident

7 Description of the Most Probable Processes in the Critical Incident of 1990

8 Conclusions

General Characteristics of Radar Stations for Physical Protection of Nuclear Objects

2 Main Types of Radar Stations and the Dominant Type of Radar

3 Tactical Characteristics of Radar Stations

4 Technical Characteristics of Radar Stations

5 Features of Main Tactical Characteristic-Range of Radar Station

Identification Process Features During Radar Observation Around Nuclear Objects

2 Statement of Automated Identification Problem in Radar Surveillance Around Nuclear Facilities

3 The Classical Problem of Optimal Linear Filtering by the Minimum Mean Squared Error Criterion

4 The Classical Problem of Optimal Linear Filtering by the Criterion of Maximum Signal-to-Noise Ratio

5 Interpretation of Classical Solutions in Relation to the Problem of Automated Identification in Radar Surveillance Around Nuclear Objects

Analysis of Radiation Background and Its Changes as Tool to Prevent Terrorist Emergencies at Critical Infrastructure Objects

2 Mathematical Model of the Radiation Background

3 Radiation Background as Multifactorial Process

4 Change of Background with Third-Party Source.

5 Verification of Mathematical Model with the Help of Developed Laboratory Installation

6 Proposals for Hardware Implementation of the Proposed Models

7 Discussion and Conclusions

Development of Magnetic Neutron-Shielding Materials: Chemical Grafting of the Boron-Containing Clusters onto the Surface of Fe3O4/Gd2O3 Nanocomposite Particles

2 Experimental Part

3 Results and Discussion

4 Conclusions

Remote Gamma Ray Mapping of Ground Surface: Mathematical Issues

2 The Scheme of Remote Assessment of Gamma Ray Emission and Corresponding Mathematical Approach

3 Forward Problem and Its Solution

4 Inverse Problem and Its Solution

5 Concluding Remarks

Test of the Thermal-Hydro-mechanical Behaviors of Cherkasy Bentonite as Buffer Material of HLW Repository

2 Literature Analysis and Problem Statement

3 The Purpose and Objectives of the Study

4 Experimental Program for Material Treatment (Wet and Dry at 150 °C)

5 Discussion and Conclusions

Environmental Safety

Assessment of the Greenhouse Gases Reduction by the Oil and Gas Sector of Ukraine to Meet International Climate Agreements

2 Considered Scenarios Description

3 Results of Calculations

4 Discussion and Conclusions

Implementation of Sequence-Stratigraphy Based Geological Studies in Ukraine

2 Statement Purpose and Objectives of the Study

3 Research Methods

4 Research Results

Information Technologies of Logging (Environmental Aspect)

2 Literature Review

3 The Impact of Hydrocarbon Production on the Environment

4 Inverse Problem

5 Conclusions

References.

Impact of Modern Anthropogenic Factors on the Hydrological System of the Donbas

3 Research Results

Predictive Assessment of the Distribution Area and Duration of Demineralization of Residual Solutions After Mining of the Safonivske Uranium Deposit

2 Material and Methods of Research

2.1 Characteristics of the Safonivske Deposit

2.2 Description of ISL Technology

2.3 Technological Aspects Related to Acidification of Host Rocks

2.4 Theoretical Aspects of Migration of Slightly Acidic Solutions in Aquifers

3 Research Results and Their Analysis

3.1 Predictive Assessment of the Migration Parameters of Residual Solutions and the Duration of Their Neutralization

3.2 Geoposition Mapping of the Residual Acidity Distribution Area

Software and Modeling Tools for Assessment of Environmental Consequences of Open Flowing of Oil Wells

2 Features of Oil Pollution Spread on the Earth's Surface During Open Well Flowing

3 Mathematical Model of Oil Pollution of the Earth's Surface During Open Well Flowing

3.1 Approaches to Solve Problems of Estimating Area of Liquid Spill on Solid Surface

3.2 Mathematical Model of Oil Well Flowing

3.3 Mathematical Model of Oil Spreading on the Earth's Surface During Open Flowing of Oil Well

4 Software-Modeling Complex (SMC) for Solving Problems of Emergencies Prevention Related to Environmental Pollution During Open Flowing of Oil Wells

5 Modeling of Ground Surface Pollution During Open Flowing of Oil Well

Destruction of Trihalomethanes and Disinfection of Drinking Water by Electric Discharge Plasma

3 Materials and Methods.

3.1 Source Water for Disinfection and Method

3.2 Source Water for Oxidation of Chloroform and Method

4 Results and Discussion

4.1 Disinfection

4.2 Chloroform Destruction

5 Conclusion

Prevention and Control of Harmful Effects of Water in Ukraine: State of Legal Support

3 Purpose and Objectives of the Study

On the Issue of Radioecological Conditions of Surface Waters and River Sediments in Ukraine

2 Research Methods

3.1 Dnipro

3.2 Strontium-90 and Caesium-137

3.3 Uranium and Thorium Radionuclides in Bottom Sediments

3.4 Tritium in Water

4 Conclusion

Approaches to Assessing Consequences of Accidents During Transportation of Hazardous Substances by Road

2 Regulations Covering Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Road

3 Specialized Vehicles for Dangerous Goods Transportation

4 Existing Methods for Assessing Consequences of Chemical Accidents Related to Spillage (Release) of Dangerous Chemical Substances from Technological Tanks on Road Transport

Application of Renewable Energy Sources in the Design of Energy-Efficient Ecological Settlements (on the Kharkiv Region)

2 Discussion

3 Purpose and Objectives

4 Research methods

5 Results

6 Practical Application

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Other Format:

Print version: Zaporozhets, Artur Systems, Decision and Control in Energy IV

ISBN:

3-031-22500-7