Road planning-freeways and country roads / Thomas Richter.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Richter, Thomas, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Roads--Design and construction.

Roads.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (289 pages)

Place of Publication:

Wiesbaden, Germany : Springer, [2023]

Summary:

"The book covers the planning and design of highways and country roads. The quality requirements for the road are derived from the network planning. After an excursus into the fundamentals of driving dynamics, the design elements are described in the site plan, in the height plan and in cross-section. After a detailed presentation of the intersection solutions, the necessary equipment is compiled. This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Planung von Autobahnen und Landstraen by Richter Thomas published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2016. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors."-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Intro

Preface

Contents

1: Introduction

1.1 Historical Review of Country Roads and Motorways

1.2 Development of Transport

1.3 Road Planning Objectives

2: Road Network Design

2.1 Functions of the Roads

2.2 Category Groups

2.3 Connection Function

2.4 Road Networks in Europe and Germany

3: Targets with Measurement and Description Variables

3.1 Target Field Traffic Quality

3.2 Target Field Road Safety

3.3 Target Field Environment

3.4 Target Field Costs

4: Usage Requirements

5: Planning Process

5.1 General Transport Planning and Consideration Process

5.2 Planning Process for Motorways and Rural Roads

6: Road Categories and Design Classes

6.1 Motorways

6.2 Country Roads

7: Design Characteristics of the Design Classes

7.1 Motorways

7.2 Country Roads

7.2.1 Country Roads of EKL 1

7.2.2 Country Roads of the EKL 2

7.2.3 Country Roads of the EKL 3

7.2.4 Country Roads of the EKL 4

7.2.5 Dual Two-lane Rural Roads

8: Vehicle Dynamics

8.1 State of the Art

8.2 Driver-Vehicle-Road Space: Control Loop

8.2.1 Driver

8.2.2 Vehicle

8.2.3 Driving Resistances

8.2.4 Tractive and Braking Forces

8.2.5 The Street

8.3 Coefficients of Friction

8.4 Driving Dynamics of the Individual Vehicle

8.4.1 Driving on a Straight, Horizontal Road

8.4.2 Driving on a Straight Line with a Gradient

8.4.3 Driving through Curves

8.5 Driving Dynamics Derivation of Design Variables in the RAS-L 95

8.5.1 Speeds

8.5.2 Minimum Radii

8.5.3 Required Sight Distance

9: Standard Cross-sections

9.1 State of the Art

9.1.1 Road Safety

9.1.2 Traffic Flow

9.1.3 Status of the Guidelines

9.2 Standard Cross-sections for Motorways

9.2.1 Standard Cross-sections for Motorways of the EKA 1.

9.2.2 Standard Cross-sections for Motorways of the EKA 2

9.2.3 Standard Cross-sections for Motorways of the EKA 3

9.2.4 Definition of Standard Cross-sections for Motorways

9.2.4.1 Quality Criteria

9.2.4.2 Traffic Flow on Motorway Sections

9.2.5 Standard Cross-sections for Bridges

9.3 Standard Cross-sections for Rural Roads

9.3.1 Standard Cross-sections for Roads of EKL 1

9.3.2 Standard Cross-sections for Roads of EKL 2

9.3.3 Standard Cross-sections for Roads of EKL 3

9.3.4 Standard Cross-sections for Roads of the EKL 4

9.3.5 Standard Cross-section for Roads from EKL 1 to EKL 3 with Very High Traffic Demand

9.3.6 Design of Standard Cross-sections for Rural Roads

9.3.6.1 Quality Criteria

9.3.6.2 Influencing Factors

Cross-section

9.3.6.3 Length of Double and Single Lane Sections on Three-lane Roads

9.3.6.4 Line Management

9.3.6.5 Longitudinal Slope

9.3.6.6 Curvature and Overtaking Possibility

9.3.6.7 Control Conditions

9.3.6.8 Traffic Intensity and Composition

9.3.6.9 Environmental Conditions

9.3.6.10 Speed Flow Relation

9.3.6.11 Average Car Driving Speed

9.4 Cross-sectional Elements

10: Intersections

10.1 State of the Art

10.1.1 Road Safety

10.1.2 Traffic Flow

10.1.3 Status of the Guidelines

10.2 Intersections for Motorways

10.2.1 Basic Principles

10.2.1.1 Position of the Continuous Roadway

10.2.1.2 Cross-section of the Continuous Road

10.2.1.3 Alignment of the Continuous Roadway

10.2.1.4 The Distance Between Intersections

10.2.2 Four-way Motorway Intersections

10.2.3 Three-way Motorway Intersections

10.2.4 Access Intersections

10.2.5 Design Elements for Motorway Intersections

10.2.5.1 Ramps

Ramp Group I

Ramp Group II

Ramp Design Elements

10.2.5.2 Exits

Design of the Exit Areas

10.2.5.3 Interweaving.

10.2.5.4 Entries

10.2.6 Dimensioning of Intersection Elements for Motorways

10.2.6.1 Entries

10.2.6.2 Weaving Sections

10.2.6.3 Exits

10.3 Intersection Types for Rural Roads

10.3.1 Types of Intersections

10.3.2 Requirements for the Intersection Design

10.3.2.1 Intersection Distances

10.3.2.2 Major Road

10.3.2.3 Alignment in Intersection Areas

10.3.2.4 Intersection Site Plan

10.3.2.5 Intersection Longitudinal Section

10.3.2.6 Road Drainage and Gradient Transitions

10.3.2.7 Carriageways

10.3.3 Intersections for Roads of EKL 1

10.3.3.1 Grade-Separated Intersections

10.3.3.2 Partly Grade-separated Intersections

10.3.4 Intersections for Roads of EKL 2

10.3.4.1 Partly at-grade Intersections

10.3.4.2 At-grade Intersections with Traffic Lights

10.3.5 Intersections for Roads of EKL 3

10.3.5.1 At-grade Intersections with Traffic Signals

10.3.5.2 Roundabouts

10.3.6 Intersections for Roads of the EKL 4

10.3.7 Design Elements for Grade-separated and Partly Grade-separated Intersections on Rural Roads

10.3.7.1 Continuous Lanes

10.3.7.2 Ramps

10.3.7.3 Entrances

10.3.8 Design Elements for At-grade Intersections and T-junctions on Rural Roads

10.3.8.1 Design Elements for Left-hand Turnings

10.3.8.2 Design Elements for Right-hand Turns

10.3.8.3 Design Elements for Crossing and Turning Vehicles

10.3.8.4 Lane Dividers: Directional Islands

Construction

10.3.8.5 Triangular Islands

10.3.8.6 Corner Rounding

Design Notes for the Right-hand Turn-off

Design Notes for a Right-hand Turn in

10.3.9 Design Elements for Roundabouts on Rural Roads

10.3.9.1 Circular Road

10.3.9.2 Circle Island

10.3.9.3 Circle Entries and Exits

Construction of a Directional Island at Roundabouts

10.3.9.4 Bypass.

10.3.10 Central Islands and Crossing Points

10.3.11 Dimensioning of Intersections on Rural Roads

10.3.11.1 Relevant Traffic Volumes

10.3.11.2 Intersection Geometry

10.3.11.3 Right of Way, Traffic Streams and their Ranks

10.3.11.4 Factors of Influence

T-Junctions

Intersections

10.3.11.5 Critical and Subsequent Time Gaps

10.3.11.6 Turn-off Device for Right-hand Traffic

10.3.11.7 Quality Criteria and Levels of Quality of Traffic Flow

10.3.11.8 Calculation of Capacity

Basic Capacity

Capacity

T-Junction

Intersection

10.3.11.9 Capacity Reserve, Average Waiting Time, Permissible Traffic Volumes

10.3.11.10 Verification of Queueing Lengths

10.3.11.11 Assessment of the Quality of Traffic Flow

11: Integrated Consideration of Road Sections and Intersections

12: Design Elements in the Site Plan

12.1 State of the Art

12.2 Basic Principles

12.3 Layout Finding

12.4 Straight Lines

12.5 Circular Curves

12.6 Transition Curve

12.7 Site Plan Curves

13: Design Elements in the Elevation Plan

13.1 State of the Art

13.2 Longitudinal Inclinations

13.3 Crest and Sag Curves

14: Design Elements in Cross Section

14.1 State of the Art

14.2 Crossfall

14.2.1 Crossfall in the Straight Line

14.2.2 Crossfall in Circular Curves

14.3 Superelevation and Superelevation Development

14.4 Widening of Carriageway in Tight Curves

14.5 Road Widening

14.6 Special Features of the Alignment in the Area of Bridges and Tunnels

15: Sight Distance

15.1 State of the Art

15.2 Required Stop Sight Distance

15.3 Orientation Sight Distance

15.4 Required Overtaking Sight Distance

15.5 Existing Sight Distance

16: Spatial Alignment

16.1 State of the Art

16.2 Site Plan Elements

16.3 Height Plan Elements.

16.4 Overlay of Site Plan and Elevation Plan

16.5 Standard Spatial Elements

16.6 Deficits in Spatial Alignment

16.6.1 Visual Shadows

16.6.2 Concealed Curve Start

16.6.3 Delongation and Compression

16.6.4 Design Deficits

17: Visualization of Roads

18: Roadside Furniture and Additional Facilities

18.1 Traffic Signs

18.1.1 Danger Sign

18.1.2 Regulation Sign

18.1.3 Guidance Signs

18.2 Signposting

18.3 Road Markings

18.4 Traffic Guidance Systems

18.4.1 Delineator (Sign 620)

18.4.2 Guiding Boards and Guide Marks

18.5 Vehicle Restraint Systems (Safety Barriers)

18.6 Immission Control Devices

18.6.1 Noise Protection Measures

18.6.1.1 Modal Shift

18.6.1.2 Planting

18.6.1.3 Soundproof Facilities

18.6.1.4 Encapsulation of the Road

18.6.1.5 Building

18.7 Other Roadside Furniture Elements

18.7.1 Wild Animals Protection Fences

18.7.2 Anti-Glare Fences

18.7.3 Lighting

18.7.4 Planting

18.7.5 Service Stations

19: Drainage

19.1 Safety Aspects in the Drainage of Traffic Areas

19.2 Drainage Measures

19.3 Road Construction in Water Catchment Areas

References

Index.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

Finding Aid/Index:

Includes bibliogrpahical references (pages 279-283) and index.

ISBN:

9783658351892

3658351896