The First World War As a Caesura? : Demographic Concepts, Population Policy, and Genocide in the Late Ottoman, Russian, and Habsburg Spheres.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Pschichholz, Christin.

Series:

Gewaltpolitik und Menschenrechte

Gewaltpolitik und Menschenrechte ; v.3

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

World War, 1914-1918--Social aspects--Congresses.

World War, 1914-1918.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (248 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2020.

Summary:

"During the phases of mobile warfare, the ethnically and religiously very heterogeneous population in the border regions of the multi-ethnic empires suffered in particular. Even if the real military situation in the course of the war hardly gave cause for concern, the image of disloyal ethnic and national minorities was widespread. This was particularly the case when ethnic groups lived on both sides of the border and social and political tensions had already established themselves along ethnic or religious lines of conflict before the war. Displacements, deportations and mass violence were the result. The genocide of the Armenian population is the most extreme example of this development. This anthology examines the border regions of the Ottoman, Russian and Habsburg empires during the First World War with regard to radical population policy and genocidal violence from a comparative perspective in order to draw a more precise picture of escalating and deescalating factors. "

Contents:

Intro

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Christin Pschichholz: The First World War as a Caesura?

Ronald Grigor Suny: Imperial Choices: Perceiving Threats and the Descent to Genocide

The Great War and the Clash of Empires

World War I and Ethnicity

The Armenian Genocide

Mark Levene: Deadly Geopolitics, Ethnic Mobilisations, and the Vulnerability of Peoples, 1914-18

The Great War and ˋNational' Peoples

Blaming the Jews: A Special Case

Perfidious Albion?

National Actors: Vision and Hubris

ˋMinorities': The Fateful Legacy of the Great War

Arno Barth: The Securitization of Minorities as a Bedrock of Population Policy

Psychological Approach (Affect Heuristics)

Political Science Approach (Securitization)

Securitization of Minorities during World War One

Siegfried Lichtenstaedter (Central Powers)

Buxton Brothers (Entente)

Georges Montandon (Neutral Countries)

Summary

Outlook

Hans-Lukas Kieser: Empire Overstretched Nation-state Enforced: The Young Turks Inaugurated the Europe of Extremes

Introduction: The Threshold of 1913

Late Ottoman Background

Reforms and Social Revolution Versus Reactionary Violence and Restored Empire

Ideological Radicalisation and Large-scale Demographic Engineering

Genocide

Removal of Muslims and Jews

Conclusion: The Lausanne Treaty Endorsed Extremes and Abandoned Minorities

Oktay Özel: The Role of Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa (Special Organization) in the Armenian Genocide

CUP, Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa and the War

Tehcir and the Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa

An Attempt at Reconstruction - The Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa (re-activated on 3 August 1914)

Dr Sakir as the Mastermind of Annihilation

Armenians Perceived as ˋFifth Column'

Decision for Tehcir and Destruction (March 1915)

From Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa to Umur-ı Şarkiye Dairesi (5 April 1915).

"New SO" as a Criminal Organization

The CUP, the Government and the Harbiye: Institutional Responsibility

"SO Çetes" or Militia Bands

Official and Civilian Involvement and Complicity

In Lieu of Conclusion

Hilmar Kaiser: Zor District During the Initial Monthsof the Armenian Genocide

Rasulain

Conclusion

Hannes Leidinger: Systematization of Hatred

General Developments and the Dual Monarchy

The Mentality of the Habsburg Army and Notably of its Officers

Entanglements of International Tensions and Internal Conflicts, 1903-1914

The Triggering Event - 28 June 1914

Radicalization Through the Effects of the (new) War

Military Criminal Law and Command Structures

Mobile Warfare, Thrusts into Foreign Countries and ˋToils' of Occupation Regimes

The Imbalance of Forces

Ideas of Superiority

Heterogeneous Societies

Critical and Limiting Closing Remarks

Heiko Brendel: "Our land is small and it's pressed on all sides. Not one of us can live here peacefully."

Introduction

Welcomed Liberators

Language, Religion, and Territory in Austro-Hungarian Occupied Montenegro

Montenegro's "Predatory" Socio-Economic Tradition

The Emergence of Anti-Muslim Nationalism in Montenegro

Nicholas's Muslim Subjects

The Balkan Wars and the Acquisition of "New Montenegro"

Under Austro-Hungarian Occupation

Religions under Austro-Hungarian Occupation

Justice and Education in Occupied Montenegro

Emigration and Immigration under Austro-Hungarian Rule

Conclusions

Serhiy Choliy: War as a Model of Population Movement in the Modern World: The Galician Perspectives in the First World War

Historical Background: Galicia before World War I

Historical Background: The Austro-Hungarian and Russian Claims Before World War I

World War I Begins: The Austrian Activities During the First Phase of the War.

Mobilization: Everything for the Front

Mobilization: To Preserve Law and Order

The World War Goes on: The Russian Occupation of Galicia

Pacification: Administration and Security

Painful Retreat: Evacuation and Political Aims

Konrad Zieliński: The Jews and the Bolsheviks

Peter Holquist: The Soviet Policy of De-cossackization During the Russian Civil War (1919)

Decossackization: ˋLiquidating' the Cossackry

Bibliography

Contributors.

Notes:

CC BY-NC-ND

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9783428581467

3428581466

OCLC:

1255229278

Publisher Number:

https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-58146-7

Access Restriction:

Open Access Unrestricted online access