Animal breeding and genetics / Matthew L. Spangler, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Spangler, Matthew L., editor.

Series:

Encyclopedia of sustainability science and technology series.

Encyclopedia of sustainability science and technology series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Animal breeding. .

Domestic animals--Genetics.

Domestic animals.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (421 pages)

Place of Publication:

Singapore : Springer, [2023]

Summary:

This newly updated and revised volume of the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology (ESST) details the role of Animal Breeding and Genetics in the sustainability of animal agriculture. The volume covers scientific principles and applications includes the current science used to advance cattle, poultry, swine,sheep, and equine populations, as well as the future role of techniques such as gene editing. International leaders in the field explain foundational concepts such as heritability, the covariance between relatives, statistical approaches to predicting the genetic merit of individuals, and the development and advancement of molecular techniques to elucidate changes in the DNA sequence that underly phenotypic variation. The use of genetic-based tools to improve animal agriculture and meet consumer demands across species is treated in detail. Readers will gain an understanding of how global livestock producers have implemented advanced genetic selection tools and used them to improve reproduction, production, efficiency, health, and sustainability. The interactions of genetics and production environments, and the genetic components of the complex interactions among animals are also discussed. The future of Animal Breeding and Genetics, including the challenges and opportunities that exist in feeding a growing world population, are addressed.

Contents:

Intro

Series Preface

Volume Preface

Contents

About the Editor-in-Chief

About the Editor

Contributors

Animal Breeding and Genetics: Introduction

Animal Breeding Methods and Sustainability

Glossary

Definition of the Subject

Introduction

Animal Breeding and Sustainability

Definition of Breed

Breed Conservation

Breeds and Sustainable Systems

Animal Breeding Methods and Schemes

Breeding Companies. Organization and Diffusion of Genetic Progress

Statistical Methods of Selection

The Use of Molecular Genetics in Animal Breeding

Transgenesis

Genetic Markers and Genomic Selection

Future Directions

The Future Evolution of Methods and Schemes

The Limits to Genetic Progress

Bibliography

Primary Literature

Books and Reviews

Quantitative Methods Applied to Animal Breeding

Principles of Selection

Basic Genetic Model for Quantitative Traits

Phenotypic Selection

Correlated Response and Indirect Selection

Selection Index

Multiple-Trait Selection

Mixed Model Methodology

The Animal Model

Extensions and Variations of the Animal Model

Marker-Assisted Selection

Classical Approaches with Few Markers

Genomic Selection

Foundations of Molecular Genetics: From Major Genes to Genomics

The Promise of Molecular Genetics

The Quest of Gene Mapping

Elusive Validation and Repeatability

The Challenges of Fine Mapping

Positional Cloning of QTN - Success Stories

New Genomic Approaches to Discover Causative Mutations

The Advent and Rise of Genomic Selection

Opportunities for Improved Sustainability

Conclusion.

Bibliography

Building Genetic Models

The Introductory Equation

Completing the Model

Adding a Constant to the Model

Parts of the Mixed Model

Fixed Factors

Covariates

Fixed Factors, Solutions, and Estimable Functions

Example with Constraints

Interactions Between Fixed Factors

Heterosis

Maternal Effects and Heterosis

Singularities with Fixed Effects and Random Effects

Is It Fixed or Random?

Genetic Values and Other Random Factors

Prediction of Genetic Values Depends on Variance Components

The Basic Animal Model

Animal Model with Repeated Records

Embedded Traits

Maternal and Paternal Effects Model

Maternal and Grandmaternal Model

Competition-Social Interaction-Pen Mate Effects

Dominance Genetic Values

Genotype by Environment Interactions

Sex Limited Traits

Usual Multiple Trait Models

Normality

Typical Fixed and Random Effects in Models for Yield of Dairy Cows, Weaning Weight of Beef Calves and Lambs, and Carcass Trait...

Genotype by Environment Interactions in Livestock Farming

Definition of the subject

Expanding the Model

Example: Environment and Diet Composition (ExA)

Example: Environment and Sow Housing (ExB)

The Baseline Model

The Multiple-Trait Model

The Random-Regression Model

The Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces Regression Model

How to Express and Report the Breeding Values

Caveats When Estimating Breeding Values for GxE

Macro-environmental Plasticity: Estimation of Variance Components

Macro-environmental Plasticity: Prediction of Breeding Values

Micro-environmental Plasticity and Its Covariance with Macro-environmental Plasticity

Future directions.

References

Socially Affected Traits, Inheritance and Genetic Improvement

Quantitative Genetics of Socially Affected Traits

Quantitative Genetic Model

Classical Model

Social Model

Breeding Value

Heritable Variance

The Effect of Group Size on Heritable Variance

Response to Selection

General Expression for Response to Selection

Accuracies of Selection

Individual Selection (IS)

Group Selection (GS)

Multilevel Selection

Optimum Index Selection

Selection Based in Information of Relatives

Selection on Estimated Breeding Values (EBVs)

BLUP Ignoring Associative Effects

BLUP Including Associative Effects

A Special Case: Maternal Genetic Effects

Results of Social Selection Experiments

Estimation of Genetic Parameters

Statistical Methodology

Empirical Estimates of the Associative Variance

Mixed Models

Non-Genetic Associative Effects

Accounting for Variation in Group Size

Identifiability of the Associative Genetic Variance

Statistical Power and Optimum Designs

Standard Errors of Estimated Variance Components

Pig Breeding for Increased Sustainability

Biodiversity

Genetic Distinctiveness

Population Size and Structure

Relative Utility

Urgency, Importance, and Feasibility: Priority Level of the Breed

Target Traits for Genetic Improvement

Genetic Improvement Programs

Environmental Load and Climate Change

Technology

Strategies: Carbon Shadow Prices

Animal Welfare

Robustness

Selection for Robustness Traits

Reaction Norms

Deprivation

Neuroendocrinology

Selection Objectives

Dominance Aggression

Avoidance of Invasive Treatments

Boar Taint

Harmful Interactional Behavior.

Ethical Aspects

Artificial Selection

Integrity

Acknowledgments

Poultry Breeding

Input Resources (Background)

Environmental Impact

Human and Animal Health

Practical Example of Sustainable Genetic Improvement

Balanced Breeding for Optimized Genetic Gain, Maintained Genetic Diversity, and Decreased Impact on Functional and Environment...

Beef Cattle Breeding

Beef breeds

Genetic Differences for Beef-Related Traits

Current Beef Breeding Objectives

Terminal indexes

Maternal Indexes

Dairy-Beef Index

Validation

Future Breeding Objectives

Improvements to the Current Selection of Traits

New traits

Estimation of Weighting Factors on Traits

Beef Breeding Schemes

Decision Support Tools

The Role of Breed Societies

Future Challenges

Conclusions

References

Novel Trait Selection to Enhance Sustainability of Beef Production Systems

Definition of Subject

Sustainability as a System Property

Characteristics of High-Leverage Actions

Trait Selection Impacts on Sustainability

Specific Examples of Novel Traits to Address Sustainability

Water Intake and Efficiency

Methane Emissions

Dairy Cattle Breeding

Changing Breeding Programs

Traits Under Selection

Milk Production and Fertility

Longevity

Health and Disease Resistance

Mastitis

Lameness

General Disease Resistance

Novel Traits

Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy

Resilience

Heat Tolerance

Feed Efficiency.

Animal Welfare

Inbreeding

References in the Text

Books and Reviews (Further Reading)

Sustainable Genetic Improvement in Dairy Goats

Dairy Goat Production and Breeding Programs

Genetic Evaluation of Dairy Goats: The Canadian Example

Genomic Selection Methodologies

Benefits of Genomic Selection

Benefits and Challenges of Implementing Genomic Selection in Dairy Goats

Implementation of Genomic Selection in Dairy Goats

Development of Genotyping Panels

Genomic Selection in Worldwide Dairy Goat Populations

Genome-Wide Association Studies

Final Remarks

Horse Breeding

History of Modern Horse Breeds

Modern Horse Breeds

Breed Management

Breeding for Improvement

Breeding for Diversity

Breeding in Developing Countries and Tropics

Definition of the Subject and Its Importance

Setting the Scene

World Population

Global Food Production

Products of an Animal Origin

Global Food Security

Animal Resources

Domestication

Distribution of Livestock

Biodiversity as Reflected by Breed

The Most Important Livestock Products for Ensuring Food Security

Poultry

Pigs

Cattle

Small Stock

Per Capita Meat Consumption

Dairy Products

Challenges

External Challenges

Production under Various Systems

Disease

Heat Stress and Water Requirements

Internal Challenges

Infrastructure and Capacity

Structured Programs

Tools and Strategies in Livestock Breeding

Research Expenditure

Intellectual Capacity

The Contribution of Developing Countries to Global Science.

The Case for Conserving Animal Genetic Resources.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Spangler, Matthew L. Animal Breeding and Genetics

ISBN:

9781071624609