Animal behavior : concepts, methods, and applications / Shawn E. Nordell, Washington University in St. Louis, Thomas J. Valone, Saint Louis University.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Nordell, Shawn E., author.

Valone, Thomas J., author.

Contributor:

Clarence J. Marshall Memorial Library Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Animal behavior.

Behavior, Animal.

Medical Subjects:

Behavior, Animal.

Genre:

Textbooks.

Physical Description:

xxxiv, 523 pages : color illustrations, color maps ; 28 cm

Edition:

Third edition

Place of Publication:

New York : Oxford University Press, [2021]

Summary:

"A conceptual approach that puts the process of science and applications front and center. Emphasizes concepts. Animal Behavior: Concepts, Methods, and Applications, Third Edition, uses broad organizing concepts to provide a framework for understanding the science of animal behavior. In an engaging, question-driven style, Shawn E. Nordell and Thomas J. Valone offer readers a clear learning progression for understanding and evaluating empirical research examples. Focuses on methodology and the process of science. Featured studies illustrate each concept and emphasize the experimental designs and the hypothesis testing methods scientists use to address research questions. Highlights real-world applications. Concepts are related to real life to help students understand the broader significance of animal behavior research, including applications to human behavior and conservation. New to this edition : Carefully crafted Learning Objectives help students guide their learning and measure intended learning outcomes of the material ; the Chapter Reviews provide a brief summary of major points of each concept ; a new Chapter 16 : Cooperative Behavior includes expanded coverage of inclusive fitness theory and kin discrimination, additional coverage of game theory, including the prisoner's dilemma and snowdrift games, and expanded coverage of the evolution of cooperative reproduction ; new Toolbox on Interpreting Graphical Data will help students develop the quantitative skills of reading the data, qualitative skills of reading between the data, and analytical skills of reading beyond the data ; incorporates recent research developments, including genomics ; additional coverage of proximate explanations with expanded discussion of Tinbergen's 4 Questions ; includes Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions to foster in-class discussions."--adapted from back cover.

Contents:

Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 The Science of Animal Behavior

1.1. Animals and their behavior are an integral part of human society

Recognizing and defining behavior

Measuring behavior in elephant ethograms

1.2. The scientific method is a formalized way of knowing about the natural world

The importance of hypotheses

The scientific method

Negative results and directional hypotheses

Correlation and causality

Hypotheses and theories

Social sciences and the natural sciences

1.3. Scientists study both the proximate mechanisms that generate behavior and the ultimate reasons why the behavior evolved

Tinbergen's four questions

Implications of Tinbergen's work

1.4. Researchers have examined animal behavior from a variety of perspectives over time

Darwin and adaptation

Early comparative psychology

Comparative psychology in North America

Behaviorism

Classical ethology

Interdisciplinary approaches

1.5. Anthropomorphic explanations of behavior assign human emotions to animals and can be difficult to test

Chapter Summary and Beyond

Chapter Review

Critical Thinking and Discussion

ch. 2 Methods for Studying Animal Behavior

2.1. Animal behavior scientists generate and test hypotheses to answer research questions about behavior

Hypothesis testing in wolf spiders

Generating hypotheses

Hypotheses and predictions from mathematical models

2.2. Researchers use observational, experimental, and comparative methods to study behavior

The observational method

The observational method and male mating tactics in bighorn sheep

The experimental method

The experimental method and jumping tadpoles

The comparative method

The comparative method and the evolution of burrowing behavior in mice

2.3. Animal behavior research requires ethical animal use

How research can affect animals

Sources of ethical standards

The three Rs

2.4. Scientific knowledge is generated and communicated to the scientific community via peer-reviewed research

ch. 3 Evolution and the Study of Animal Behavior

3.1. Evolution by natural selection favors behavioral adaptations that enhance fitness

Measures of heritability

Maternal defense behavior in mice

Variation within a population

Frequency-dependent selection

Fitness and adaptation

3.2. Modes of natural selection describe population changes

Directional selection in juvenile ornate tree lizards

Disruptive selection in spadefoot toad tadpoles

Stabilizing selection in juvenile convict cichlids

Studying adaptation: the cost-benefit approach

3.3. Individual and group selection have been used to explain cooperation

3.4. Sexual selection is a form of natural selection that focuses on the reproductive fitness of individuals

Sexual selection in widowbirds

ch. 4 Behavioral Genetics

4.1. Behaviors vary in their heritability

4.2. Behavioral variation is associated with genetic variation

Behavioral differences between wild-type and mutant-type fruit flies

Major and minor genes

Fire ant genotype and social organization

Experimental manipulation of gene function: knockout studies

Anxiety-related behavior and knockout of a hormone receptor in mice

QTL mapping to identify genes associated with behavior

QTL mapping for aphid feeding behavior

4.3. The environment influences behavior via gene expression

Environmental effects on zebrafish aggression

Social environment and gene expression in fruit flies

Social environment and birdsong development

Social environment and gene expression in birds

Gene-environment interactions

Rover and sitter foraging behavior in fruit flies

4.4. Genomic approaches correlate gene expression with behavioral phenotypes

Scouting behavior in bees

Genomics and alternative mating tactics in fish

4.5. Genes can limit behavioral flexibility

Bold and shy personalities in streamside salamanders

Animal personalities model with fitness trade-offs

Environmental effects on jumping spider personalities

ch. 5 Sensory Systems and Behavior

5.1. Animals acquire environmental information from their sensory systems

5.2. Chemosensory systems detect chemicals that are perceived as tastes and odors

Sweet and umami taste perception in rodents

Cuttlefish physiological response to odors

5.3. Photoreception allows animals to detect light and perceive objects as images

Color vision in monarch butterflies

Ultraviolet plumage reflectance in birds

Infrared detection in snakes

5.4. Mechanoreceptors detect vibrations that travel through air, water, or substrates

Ultrasonic song detection in moths

Long-distance communication in elephants

Catfish track the wake of their prey

Substrate-borne vibrations

Antlions detect substrate-borne vibrations

5.5. Some animals can detect electric or magnetic fields

Electroreception

Sharks detect electric fields

Magnetoreception

5.6. Predator and prey sensory systems coevolve

Insect tympanal organs: an evolved antipredator adaptation

Predator-prey sensory system coevolution in bats and moths

ch. 6 Communication

6.1. Communication occurs when a specialized signal from one individual influences the behavior of another

Honeybees and the waggle dance

Odor or the waggle dance in bees

Auditory signals: alarm calls

Titmouse alarm calls

Information or influence?

6.2. The environment influences the evolution of signals

Temperature affects ant chemical signals

Habitat light environment affects fish visual signals

Habitat structure affects bowerbird auditory signals

6.3. Signals often accurately indicate signaler phenotype and environmental conditions

Signals as accurate indicators: theory

Aposematic coloration in frogs

Courtship signaling in spiders

Aggressive display and male condition in fighting fish

6.4. Signals can be inaccurate indicators when the fitness interests of signaler and receiver differ

Batesian mimicry and yellow-eyed salamanders

Aggressive mimicry in fangblenny fish

Intraspecific deception: false alarm calls

Topi antelope false alarm calls

Capuchin monkeys and inaccurate signals

6.5. Communication can involve extended phenotype signals

Bowerbirds construct and decorate bowers

Sticklebacks decorate their nests

6.6. Communication networks affect signaler and receiver behavior

Squirrel eavesdropping

Audience effects in fighting fish

ch.

7 Learning, Neuroethology, and Cognition

7.1. Learning allows animals to adapt to their environment

Improved foraging efficiency in salamanders

Evolution of learning

Fiddler crab habituation

7.2. Learning is associated with neurological changes

Neurotransmitters and learning in chicks

Dendritic spines and learning in mice

Avian memory of stored food

7.3. Animals learn associations between stimuli and responses

Classical conditioning

Pavlovian conditioning for mating opportunities in Japanese quail

Fish learn novel predators

Operant conditioning

Learning curves in macaques

Trial-and-error learning in bees

7.4. Social interactions facilitate learning

Learned antipredator behaviors in prairie dogs

Learning about food patches

Social information use in sticklebacks

Teaching

Ptarmigan hens teach chicks their diet

Tandem running in ants

7.5. Social learning can lead to the development of animal traditions and culture

Foraging behavioral traditions in great tits

7.6. Animals vary in their cognitive abilities

Tool use in capuchin monkeys

Problem solving and insight learning

Insight learning in keas

Numerical competency in New Zealand robins

Cognitive buffer hypothesis in birds

Brain size and cognition in guppies

Cognitive performance and fitness in bowerbirds

ch. 8 Foraging Behavior

8.1. Animals find food using a variety of sensory modalities

Bees use multiple senses to enhance foraging efficiency

Gray mouse lemurs use multiple senses to find food

8.2. Visual predators find cryptic prey more effectively by learning a search image

Trout and search images

8.3. The optimal diet model predicts the food types an animal should include in its diet

The diet model

A graphical solution

Diet choice in northwestern crows

Ant foraging and the effect of nutrients

8.4. The optimal patch-use model predicts how long a forager should exploit a food patch

The optimal patch-use model

Patch use by ruddy ducks

Optimal patch model with multiple costs

Fruit bat foraging on heterogeneous patches

Kangaroo rat foraging with variable predation costs

Incomplete information and food patch estimation

Bayesian foraging bumblebees

8.5. Some animals obtain food from the discoveries of others

Spice finch producer-scrounger game

Contents note continued: ch. 9 Antipredator Behavior

9.1. Animals reduce predation risk by avoiding detection or taking evasive action

Predator avoidance by cryptic coloration in crabs

Predators and reduced activity in lizards

Prey take evasive or aggressive action when detected

Startle display in butterflies

9.2. Many behaviors represent adaptive trade-offs involving predation risk

Increased vigilance decreases feeding time

Vigilance and predation risk in elk

Rich but risky

Environmental conditions and predation risk in foraging redshanks

Mating and refuge use in fiddler crabs

Perceived predation risk affects reproductive behavior in sparrows

9.3. Living in groups can reduce predation risk

The dilution effect and killifish

The selfish herd and vigilance behavior

Group size effect and the selfish herd hypothesis in doves

9.4. Some animals interact with predators to deter attack

Predator harassment in ground squirrels

Pursuit deterrence and alarm signal hypotheses

Tail-flagging behavior in deer

ch. 10 Dispersal and Migration

10.1. Dispersal reduces resource competition and inbreeding

Density-dependent dispersal in earthworms

Food-related dispersal in water boatmen

Inbreeding avoidance in great tits

10.2. Reproductive success and public information affect breeding dispersal behavior

Reproductive success and breeding dispersal in dragonflies

Public information and breeding dispersal in kittiwakes

10.3. Individuals migrate in response to changes in the environment

Migration and changing resources

Resource variation and migration in neotropical birds

Heritability of migration behavior in Eurasian blackcaps

A model of the evolution of migration

Competition and migratory behavior of newts

Maintenance of polymorphism in migratory behavior

Alternative migratory behaviors in dippers

10.4. Environmental cues and compass systems are used for orientation when migrating

Compass systems

Antennae and the sun compass system in monarchs

The magnetic compass in sea turtles

Multimodal orientation

10.5. Bicoordinate navigation allows individuals to identify their location relative to a goal

Bicoordinate navigation in sea turtles

Bicoordinate navigation in birds

Homing migration in salmon

ch. 11 Habitat Selection, Territoriality, and Aggression

11.1. Resource availability and the presence of others can influence habitat selection

The ideal free distribution model

The ideal free distribution model and guppies

The ideal free distribution model and pike

Cuckoos assess habitat quality

Conspecific attraction

Conspecific attraction and Allee effects in grasshoppers

Conspecific cueing in American redstarts

11.2. Individual condition and environmental factors affect territoriality

Body condition and territoriality in damselflies

Environmental factors and territory size in parrotfish

11.3. Hormones influence aggression

Winner-challenge effect in the California mouse

Challenge hypothesis and bystanders in fish

Juvenile hormone and wasp aggression

11.4. Game theory models explain how the decisions of opponents and resource value affect fighting behavior

The hawk-dove model

Wrestling behavior in red-spotted newts

11.4. Game theory assessment models

Fiddler crab contests over burrows

ch. 12 Mating Behavior

12.1. Sexual selection favors characteristics that enhance reproductive success

Why two sexes?

Bateman's hypothesis and parental investment

Weapon size and mating success in dung beetles

Ornaments and mate choice in peafowl

Male mate choice in pipefish

The sensory bias hypothesis in guppies

12.2. Females select males to obtain direct material benefits

Female choice and nuptial gifts in butterflies

Female choice and territory quality in lizards

12.3. Female mate choice can evolve via indirect benefits to offspring

Fisherian runaway and good genes

Mate choice for good genes in tree frogs

Good genes and the Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis

Mate choice fitness benefits in spiders

12.4. Sexual selection can also occur after mating

Mate guarding in warblers

Sperm competition in tree swallows

Cryptic female choice

Inbreeding avoidance via cryptic female choice in spiders

12.5. Mate choice by females favors alternative reproductive tactics in males

The evolution of alternative reproductive tactics

Conditional satellite males in tree frogs

ESS and sunfish sneaker males

12.6. Mate choice is affected by the mating decisions of others

Mate copying in guppies

Mate copying in fruit flies

The benefit of mate copying

Nonindependent mate choice by male mosquitofish

ch. 13 Mating Systems

13.1. Sexual conflict and environmental conditions affect the evolution of mating systems

The evolution of mating systems

Mating systems in reed warblers

13.2. Biparental care favors the evolution of monogamy

California mouse monogamy

Monogamy and biparental care in poison frogs

Monogamy without biparental care in snapping shrimp

13.3. Polygyny and polyandry evolve when one sex can defend multiple mates or the resources they seek

Female defense polygyny in horses

Resource defense polygyny in blackbirds

Resource defense polygyny in carrion beetles

Male dominance polygyny: the evolution of leks

-hotspots or hotshots?

Lekking behavior in the great snipe

Peafowl leks

Polyandry and sex-role reversal

13.4. The presence of social associations distinguishes polygynandry from promiscuity

Polygynandry in European badgers

Promiscuity and scramble competition in seaweed flies and red squirrels

13.5. Social and genetic mating systems differ when extra-pair mating occurs

Extra-pair mating in juncos

Marmot extra-pair mating

ch. 14 Parental Care

14.1. Parental care varies among species and reflects life history trade-offs

Life history variation in fish

14.2. Sexual conflict is the basis for sex-biased parental care

Female-biased parental care

Paternity uncertainty and parental care in boobies

The evolution of male-only care

Paternity uncertainty and male-only care in sunfish

Paternity assurance and male care in water bugs

14.3. Parental care involves fitness trade-offs between current and future reproduction

Parent-offspring conflict theory

Predation risk and parental care in songbirds

Egg guarding and opportunity costs of parental care in frogs

Current versus future reproduction in treehoppers

Incubation of eider eggs as a trade-off

Brood reduction and parent-offspring conflict

Hatch asynchrony and brood reduction in blackbirds

Brood reduction in fur seals

14.4. Brood parasitism reduces the cost of parental care and can result in a Coevolutionary arms race

Conspecific brood parasitism in ducks

Interspecific brood parasitism and coevolution

Acceptance or rejection of brown-headed cowbird eggs by hosts

14.5. Hormones regulate parental care

Prolactin and maternal care in rats

Prolactin and incubation in penguins

Juvenile hormones and parental care in earwigs

15 Sociality

15.1. Sociality can evolve when the fitness advantages of close associations exceed the costs

Reduced search times for food

Foraging benefit: Information about distant food locations

Antipredator benefit of sociality in birds

Movement benefits: Efficient aerodynamics and hydrodynamics

Hydrodynamics in schools of juvenile gray mullet

Social heterosis in ants

The costs of sociality

Group size and food competition in red colobus and red-tailed guenons

Sociality and disease transmission in guppies

15.2. Dominance hierarchies reduce the social costs of aggression

Dominance hierarchies and crayfish

Stable dominance hierarchies in baboons

15.3. Ecology and phylogeny influence the evolution of sociality

Evolution of rodent sociality and habitat use

Body size, diet, and habitat influence sociality in antelope

15.4. Hormones regulate social behavior

Social approach behavior and neuropeptides in goldfish

Mesotocin and pro-social behavior in finches

Social behavior in seals

ch. 16 Cooperative Behavior

16.1. Inclusive fitness theory explains the evolution of cooperation among related individuals

Hamilton's rule

Belding's ground squirrel alarm calls

Altruism in turkeys

16.2. Individuals can discriminate kin from non-kin

Kin discrimination

Direct familiarization and kin discrimination in sticklebacks

Indirect familiarization and kin discrimination in cockroaches

16.3. Cooperative behavior among unrelated individuals involves byproduct mutualisms or reciprocity

Direct reciprocity

The prisoner's dilemma

Tit-for-tat strategy

Food sharing in vampire bats

Contents note continued: Allogrooming in Japanese macaques

Tit-for-tat in red-winged blackbirds

The snowdrift game

Migrating bald ibis and the snowdrift game

Indirect reciprocity

Reputations and cleaner fish

Reputation formation in great apes

16.4. Kinship and ecological constraints favor cooperative reproduction

The evolution of cooperative breeding in vertebrates

Cooperative breeding in meerkats

Cooperative reproduction in long-tailed tits

Helping behavior in Seychelles warblers

Social queuing in clownfish

Invertebrate castes

The evolution of sterile castes

Haplodiploidy hypothesis

Kin selection and ecological constraint hypothesis

Eusociality in sweat bees

Critical Thinking and Discussion.

Notes:

Revised edition of: Animal behavior : Concepts, methods, and applications / Shawn E. Nordell, Thomas J. Valone. Second edition. [2017].

Includes bibliographical references (pages 454-493) and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Clarence J. Marshall Memorial Library Fund.

Other Format:

Online version: Nordelll, Shawn E., Animal behavior

ISBN:

0190924233

9780190924232

OCLC:

1153339295

Publisher Number:

99993286326