An introduction to ethical, safety and intellectual property rights issues in biotechnology / Padma Nambisan.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Nambisan, Padma, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biotechnology--Moral and ethical aspects.

Biotechnology.

Biotechnology--Safety measures.

Intellectual property.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xxi, 370 pages) : color illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

London, [England] : Academic Press, 2017.

Summary:

An Introduction to Ethical, Safety and Intellectual Property Rights Issues in Biotechnology provides a comprehensive look at the biggest technologies that have revolutionized biology since the early 20th century, also discussing their impact on society.The book focuses on issues related to bioethics, biosafety and intellectual property rights, and is written in an easy-to-understand manner for graduate students and early career researchers interested in the opportunities and challenges associated with advances in biotechnology.Important topics covered include the Human Genome Project, human cloning, rDNA technology, the 3Rs and animal welfare, bioterrorism, human rights and genetic discrimination, good laboratory practices, good manufacturing practices, the protection of biological material and much more.Full of relevant case studies, practical examples, weblinks and resources for further reading, this book offers an essential and holistic look at the ways in which biotechnology has affected our global society.- Provides a comprehensive look at the ethical, legal and social implications of biotechnology- Discusses the global efforts made to resolve issues- Incorporates numerous case studies to more clearly convey concepts and chart the development of guidelines and legislation regulating issues in biotechnology- Takes a straightforward approach to highlight and discuss both the benefits and risks associated with the latest biotechnologies

Contents:

Front Cover

An Introduction to Ethical, Safety and Intellectual Property Rights Issues in Biotechnology

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contents

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

How to Use This Book

1 Genes, Genomes, and Genomics

1.1 Introduction

1.2 The Development of Gene Concept

1.3 Genes

1.4 Genomes

1.5 Genomics

1.6 The Human Genome Project (HGP)

1.7 Applications of Genomics

1.7.1 Phylogenetic Analysis

1.7.2 Genetic Testing and Diagnostics

1.7.3 Pharmacogenomics

1.7.4 Forensics

1.7.5 Recombinant DNA Technology

1.7.6 Gene Therapy

1.7.7 Genome Editing

1.7.8 Synthetic Biology

1.8 Ethical, Legal, and Social Implication

1.9 Genetic Reductionism

1.10 Summary

References

Further Reading

Reviews

Web resources

Human genome project

ELSI

Synthetic Biology

2 Cloning

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Cloning Animals

2.2.1 Dolly

2.2.2 Progress in Cloning After Dolly

2.2.3 Limitations of Nuclear Transfer

2.2.4 Applications of Cloning

2.2.4.1 Multiplication of elite strains of livestock for meat and milk

2.2.4.2 Creation of transgenic livestock for production of pharmaceuticals ("Pharming")

2.2.4.3 Creation of transgenic livestock for production of nutraceuticals

2.2.4.4 Derivation of stem cells for cell-based therapies (therapeutic cloning)

2.2.4.5 Production of transgenic animals for xenotransplantation

2.2.4.6 Models for understanding aging and cancer

2.2.4.7 Conservation of rare breeds

2.2.4.8 Cloning for companionship and entertainment

2.2.5 Ethical Issues in Cloning Animals

2.2.5.1 Pain and suffering experienced by the animals during the cloning process

2.2.5.2 The effect of the cloned animals on other populations of animals

2.2.5.3 Compromising the safety of food from livestock

2.2.5.4 Effect on the environment.

2.2.5.5 Creation of unwanted animals

2.2.5.6 Unnatural modification of animal species-"playing God"

2.2.5.7 Potential for misleading bereaved pet owners regarding resurrection of their beloved pets

2.2.6 Laws and Public Policy on Reproductive Cloning in Animals

2.2.6.1 European Union

2.2.6.2 United States of America

2.2.6.3 Canada

2.2.6.4 Argentina

2.2.6.5 Brazil

2.2.6.6 Australia

2.2.6.7 Others

2.3 Human Cloning

2.3.1 Ethical Considerations

2.3.1.1 "Playing God"

2.3.1.2 Commodification of life

2.3.1.3 Legal/Social status of a clone

2.3.1.4 Safety/Health and quality of life of the clone

2.3.1.5 Eugenics

2.3.2 Laws and Public Policy on Reproductive Cloning in Humans

2.3.2.1 The United Nations Declaration on Human Cloning

2.3.2.2 UNESCO Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights

2.3.2.3 Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, 1998

2.3.2.4 European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights, 2000

2.3.2.5 Legislation at the National Level

2.3.2.5.1 United Kingdom-Human Reproductive Cloning Act 2001

2.3.2.5.2 United States

2.3.2.5.3 Canada

2.3.2.5.4 Australia

2.3.2.5.5 India

2.4 Summary

Technique

Applications of cloning animals

Ethical issues in cloning animals

Laws and public policy on reproductive cloning in animals

Human cloning

Laws and public policy on reproductive cloning in humans

Reviews and Books

Web Resources

3 Stem Cell Research

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Sources of Stem Cells

3.2.1 Embryonic Stem Cells

3.2.2 Nuclear Transfer-Embryonic Stem Cells

3.2.3 Fetal Stem Cells

3.2.4 Cord Blood Stem Cells or Neonatal Stem Cells

3.2.5 Adult Stem Cells

3.2.6 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

3.2.7 Stimulus-Triggered Acquisition of Pluripotency (STAP) Cells.

3.3 Benefit to Society

3.3.1 Understanding Cellular Differentiation

3.3.2 Study Disease Progression

3.3.3 Regenerative Medicine

3.3.4 Tissue Engineering

3.3.5 Grow Organs for Transplantation

3.3.6 Alter Current Biomedical Practices for Treatment of Cancer

3.3.7 Identify Drug Targets and Test Potential Therapeutics

3.3.8 Toxicity Testing

3.4 Ethical Issues in Stem Cell Research

3.4.1 Moral Status of Embryos-Fetalistic Viewpoint

3.4.2 Exploitation of Women-Feministic Viewpoint

3.5 Ethical Issues in Stem Cell Translation

3.5.1 Clinical Trials Using Stem Cells

3.5.2 Guidelines for the Clinical Translation of Stem Cells

3.6 Stem Cell Research Policy

3.7 The Role of Politics and Public Opinion in Shaping Stem Cell Policy

3.8 Summary

Benefit to Society

Ethical issues in stem cell research

Ethical issues in stem cell translation

Stem cell research policy

The role of politics and public opinion in shaping stem cell policy

Books and reviews

4 Recombinant DNA Technology and Genetically Modified Organisms

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Gene Therapy

4.2.1 Technique

4.2.2 Application of Gene Therapy

4.2.3 Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID)

4.2.4 Challenges in Gene Therapy

4.3 Gene Editing Therapy

4.4 GMOs and the New Biotech Industry

4.4.1 Recombinant Proteins

4.4.2 Recombinant Antibodies

4.4.3 Pharming

4.5 Genetically Modified Crops (GM Crops)

4.5.1 Health and Safety Concerns

4.5.1.1 Toxicity potential

4.5.1.2 Allergenicity

4.5.1.3 Contamination of food

4.5.1.4 Nutritional composition

4.5.1.5 Antibiotic resistance-potential for gene transfer

4.5.2 Environmental Concerns

4.5.2.1 Genetic pollution

4.5.2.2 Loss of biodiversity

4.5.2.3 Emergence of resistance.

4.5.3 Ethical and Socioeconomic Concerns

4.6 Transgenic Animals

4.6.1 Disease Models

4.6.2 Increasing Food Production

4.6.3 Producing Proteins for Industry

4.6.4 Vector Control

4.6.5 Pets

4.6.6 Hypoallergenic Pets

4.7 Synthetic Organisms

4.8 Challenges in Applications of rDNA Technology and GMO Release

4.8.1 Effect on Environment

4.8.2 Effect on Biodiversity

4.8.3 Effect on Sociocultural Norms

4.8.4 Effect on Socioeconomic Status of Farmers

4.9 Objections to Genetic Engineering and GMOs

4.9.1 Proportionality

4.9.2 Slippery Slope

4.9.3 Subsidiarity

4.10 GMOs and "Biopolitics"

4.11 Summary

Gene therapy

Recombinant antibodies

Pharming

Transgenic plants

GM crops

Transgenic animals: Alzheimer's Mouse

Oncomouse

Parkinson's fly

Superpig

Biosteel

GloFish

RILD mosquitoes

Hypoallergenic pets

Challenges in applications of rDNA technology and GMO release: Socio-cultural Norms

Socio-economic status of farmers

Effect on biodiversity

GMOs and Biopolitics

5 Relevance of Ethics in Biotechnology

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Ethics and Bioethics

5.1.2 "Values," "Morals," and "Ethics"

5.2 Theories in Ethics

5.3 Promoting Ethically Sound Science

5.4 Ethical Issues in Biotechnology

5.4.1 Environmental Ethics

5.4.2 Ethical Issues in Plant Biotechnology

5.4.2.1 "Terminator" technologies

5.4.2.2 "Bioserfdom"

5.4.3 Animal Rights and the Use of Animals in Medical Research

5.4.3.1 The three Rs of animal experimentation

5.4.3.2 Regulation for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes

5.4.4 Ethical Issues in Human Clinical Trials

5.4.4.1 Tuskegee syphilis trials

5.4.4.2 Manhattan Project

5.4.4.3 Thalidomide disaster

5.4.4.4 Gene therapy.

5.4.4.5 TeGenero clinical trial

5.4.4.6 Bial clinical trial

5.5 Medical Ethics to Biomedical Ethics

5.6 Good Clinical Practices

5.7 Bioethics

5.8 Summary

Theories in Ethics

Environmental Ethics

Terminator Technologies

Use of Animal in Research

Regulation for the Protection of Animals in Research

Ethical issues in Human Clinical Trials

Good Clinical Practices

Medical Ethics

Bioethics

6 Bioterrorism and Dual-Use Research of Concern

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Bioterrorism

6.2.1 Weaponizing Microbes

6.2.2 Biological Weapons in History

6.3 The 1972 Biological Weapons Convention

6.4 Biosecurity Measures for Preventing Bioterrorism

6.5 United States Approach to Bioterrorism

6.6 European Union Approach to Bioterrorism

6.7 Biodefense Programs

6.8 Dual-Use Research of Concern

6.8.1 National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity

6.8.2 Core Responsibilities of Life Scientists in Regard to Dual-Use Research of Concern

6.9 Summary

7 Genetic Testing, Genetic Discrimination and Human Rights

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Genetic testing

7.3 Genetic exceptionalism

7.4 Genetic discrimination

7.5 Ethical, Legal, Social Implication (ELSI)

7.5.1 The ELSI of Human Genome Project

7.5.2 International and national programs on ELSI

7.6 Mechanisms for preventing genetic discrimination

7.6.1 Rights-Based advocacy

7.6.1.1 Human Rights

7.6.1.2 Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights, 1997

and International Declaration on Human Genetic Da...

7.6.1.3 Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, 2005

7.6.1.4 EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, 2000

7.6.2 Rights-Based policy and tools.

7.6.2.1 Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, 1997.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

0-12-809251-3

OCLC:

991595773