Clinical Neuroscience for Communication Disorders : Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology / Margaret Lehman Blake and Jerry K. Hoepner.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Blake, Margaret Lehman, author.

Hoepner, Jerry K., author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Neuroanatomy.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (361 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

San Diego, CA : Plural Publishing, Inc., [2023]

Summary:

Clinical Neuroscience for Communication Disorders: Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology offers a comprehensive and easy-to-understand introduction to neuroscience for undergraduates and beginning graduate students in the field of communication disorders. Packed with features to aid student understanding, this textbook introduces the neurologic underpinnings of systems involved in communication (speech, language, cognition, and hearing) and swallowing, from the nervous system to the anatomy of the head and neck. A highly readable writing style makes abstract and complex material accessible to students and provides just the right amount of information to challenge yet not overwhelm students. What sets this book apart is the extensive infusion of clinical application. Each chapter begins by tying the content to the everyday clinical applications for speech-language pathologists, audiologists, and related professionals and includes clinical cases to illustrate neural functions. In addition to coverage of the main systems, this text contains chapters devoted to neuroplasticity, communication, and cognition to move beyond basic anatomy to the key principles of contemporary neuroscience and application of the concepts discussed. Additionally, explicit connections are drawn between cranial nerves, the oral mechanism examination, and clinical swallowing assessment. The clinical cases cover a variety of both pediatric and adult scenarios designed to highlight the interconnectedness of neural systems and the complexity of neurologically-based communication disorders. The cases span the breadth of clinical practice -- developmental and acquired disorders, pediatric and adult cases, and disorders of speech, language, cognition, and hearing -- and are cross-referenced with each of the other chapters for improved understanding. -- Publisher.

Contents:

Intro

Preface: How to Use This Textbook

Acknowledgments

Reviewers

Chapter 1. Overview of the Nervous System

Overview

Major Components

Organization of the Nervous System

Organizational Systems

Cytoarchitecture Organization

Organization by Function

Terminology

Nervous System Cells

Neurons

Glial Cells

Structures and Landmarks

Lobes

Frontal Lobes

Parietal Lobes

Temporal Lobes

Occipital Lobes

Subcortical Structures

Basal Ganglia

Thalamus

Cerebellum

Brainstem

Summary

References

Chapter 2. Ventricular System: Cranium, Ventricles, and Meninges

Cranium, Cranial Vault, and Its Contents

Meningeal Layers

Dura Mater

Arachnoid Layer and Pia Mater

Ventricles

Cerebrospinal Fluid Path and Functions

Communication Through the Ventricular System

Disruptions to the Ventricular and Meningeal Systems

Hydrocephalus

Meningeal Damage

Additional Resources

Chapter 3. Neuron Anatomy and Physiology

Classification of Neurons

Neuronal Communication

Big Picture Overview

Membrane Potentials

Synaptic Transmission

Action Potentials

Myelinated Versus Unmyelinated Axons

Types of Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitter Recovery and Degradation

Creating Meaning from Binary Signals

Patterns of Signals

Source of Signals

Region or Location

Conditions That Alter Synaptic Transmission

Neurologic Disorders and Diseases That Affect Synaptic Transmission

Parkinson Disease

Multiple Sclerosis

Myasthenia Gravis

Pharmacological Effects on Synaptic Transmission

Blocking Effects

Prolonging Effects

Mimicking Effect

Reference and Additional Resources

Chapter 4. Neuroembryology

The Neural Tube

Developmental (Embryologic) Precursors.

Sulcus Limitans

Lamina Terminalis (Precursor to the Corpus Callosum)

Vesicles of the Neural Tube (CNS Precursors)

Landmark Timelines

Telencephalon and C-Shaped Development

Disruptions to Development and Consequences

References and Additional Resources

Chapter 5. Diencephalon

Diencephalic Structures

Thalamic Nuclei

Epithalamus

Subthalamus

Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland

Damage to the Diencephalon

Chapter 6. Somatosensory Systems

Somatosensory System Structures

Sensory Receptors

Mechanoreceptors

Nociceptors

Proprioceptive Sensory Receptors

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Cortical Association Areas

Sensory Pathways

Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscal Pathway

Spinothalamic Tracts

Spinocerebellar Tracts

Sensory Innervation

Damage to Somatosensory System Components

Spinal Cord Damage

Thalamic Damage

Cortical Damage

Chapter 7. Visual System

The Eye

Anterior Structures

Posterior Structures: The Retina

Visual Fields

Visual Pathway

Visual Cortex

Dorsal Pathway

Ventral Pathway

Damage to the Visual System

Visual Field Cuts

Chapter 8. Auditory and Vestibular Systems

Auditory System

The Cochlea

Converting Sound Waves Into Neural Signals

Auditory Pathway

Frequency and Intensity Coding in the Auditory System

Localization of Sound

Auditory Processing in the Cortex

Hearing Impairment and Damage to the Auditory System

Conductive Hearing Loss

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Vestibular System

Vestibular Pathways

Reference

Chapter 9. Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste

Olfaction

Olfaction: The Sense of Smell

Olfactory Pathway

Impairments of Olfaction.

Gustation: The Sense of Taste

Gustatory Pathway

Factors Influencing Taste Perception

Impairments of Gustation

Chapter 10. Motor Systems

Motor System Structures

Primary Motor Strip

Premotor and Supplementary Motor Areas

Motor Pathways

Pyramidal Tracts

Cranial and Spinal Nerves

Corticospinal Tracts

Corticobulbar Tract

Extrapyramidal Tracts

Rubrospinal Tract

Tectospinal Tract

Vestibulospinal Tract

Reticulospinal Tract

Motor Units and Muscle Innervation

Clinical Implications

Motor Cortex

Neuromuscular Junction

Chapter 11. Cranial Nerves

General Functions

Cranial Nerve Pathways

Motor Pathways: Corticobulbar Tract

Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI: Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens

Muscles of the Eye

Oculomotor Nerve

Trochlear Nerve

Abducens Nerve

Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal Nerve

Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve

Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal

Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve

Pharyngeal Branch of the Vagus

Superior Laryngeal Nerve of the Vagus

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve of the Vagus

Pharyngeal Plexus

Cranial Nerve XI: Spinal Accessory Nerve

Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal Nerve

Integration of Cranial Nerve Functions

Speech Production

Swallowing

Clinical Implications: Examinations of Speech and Swallowing Mechanisms

Cranial Nerve/Oral Mechanism Examination

Smell and Taste

Vision

Extraocular Movements (CNs III, IV, and VI)

Jaw Movements and Mastication (CN V)

Facial Sensation (CN V)

Muscles of Facial Expression and Oral Preparation (CN VII)

Hearing (CN VIII)

Velar Functions - Motor and Sensory (CNs V, IX, and X).

Laryngeal Functions - Motor and Sensory (CN X)

Spinal Accessory (CN XI)

Lingual Motor Functions (CN XII with a Little Help from CN X)

Lingual Sensation (CNs V and IX)

Oral and Laryngeal Diadochokinetic Rate

Evidence for the Oral Mechanism Examination

Clinical Bedside Swallow Examination and Instrumental Assessment

Chapter 12. Limbic System and Reticular Formation

Limbic System Structures and Functions

Homeostasis

Memory

Emotions

Integrating Limbic Information

Reticular Formation and Reticular Activating System

Chapter 13. Cerebrovascular System

Blood Supply and Functional Organization

Circle of Willis

Cerebral Blood Supply Distributions

Blood Supply to the Thalamus and Basal Ganglia

Blood Supply to the Cerebellum

Brainstem and Spinal Cord Distributions

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla

Spinal Cord

Blood-Brain Barrier

Disruptions to Blood Supply

Chapter 14. Communication and Cognition

Common Developmental Disruptions

Developmental Language Disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Down Syndrome

Fragile X Syndrome

Common Neurologic Insults and Diseases

Traumatic Brain Injury

Degenerative Diseases and Tumors

Communication

Language

Networks

Development

Lesions and Disorders

Pragmatics and Social Cognition

Cognition

Executive Functions

Attention

Chapter 15. Neuroplasticity

Overview.

Neural (Cellular) Plasticity

Behavioral Plasticity

Intensity and Dosage

Factors That Contribute to Participation

Functional Reactivation Versus Functional Reorganization

Chapter 16. Clinical Cases

Approach to Solving (Thinking Through) Cases

Section 1: Acquired Cases

Case 16-1: 48-Year-Old Female With Traumatic Brain Injury

Case 16-2: 32-Year-Old Male With Postural Headaches and Mixed Upper/Lower Motor Neuron Signs

Case 16-3: 56-Year-Old Female With Progressive Onset of Dysphagia and Speech Impairments

Case 16-4: 17-Year-Old Female with Traumatic Brain Injury

Case 16-5: 63-Year-Old Male With Aphasia and Right Hemiparesis

Case 16-6: 86-Year-Old Male With Insidious Onset of Cognitive-Communication Changes

Case 16-7: 45-Year-Old Female With Acute Onset of Confusion and Language Impairment

Case 16-8: 62-Year-Old Male With Acute Onset of Lethargy and Impaired Attention

Case 16-9: 52-Year-Old With Acute Onset of "Slurred" Speech and "Drunken" Gait

Case 16-10: 70-Year-Old Male With Acute Onset of Dysarthria, Vertigo, Nausea, and Double Vision

Case 16-11: 22-Year-Old Male With Acute Onset of Weakness and Respiratory Distress

Case 16-12: 62-Year-Old Female With Gradual Onset of Speech and Swallowing Impairments

Case 16-13: 78-Year-Old Female With Gradual Onset of Speech and Gait Disturbances

Case 16-14: 52-Year-Old Female With Declining Cognition, Speech, and Swallowing Function

Case 16-15: 86-Year-Old Female With Memory and Swallowing Difficulties

Case 16-16: 73-Year-Old Male With Right Facial and Tongue Atrophy

Section 2: Pediatric and Developmental Cases

Case 16-17: 5-Year-Old Male With Shunt Malfunction

Case 16-18: 4-Year-Old Male With Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Case 16-19: 30-Year-Old Female With Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781635503661

1635503663