Neurobiology of abnormal emotion and motivated behaviors : integrating animal and human research / edited by Susan Sangha and Dan Foti.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Sangha, Susan, editor.

Foti, Dan, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Neurophysiology--Research.

Neurophysiology.

Neurobiology--Research.

Neurobiology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (319 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

London, United Kingdom : Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, [2018]

Summary:

Neurobiology of Abnormal Emotion and Motivated Behaviors: Integrating Animal and Human Research pulls together world-renowned leaders from both animal and human research, providing a conceptual framework on how neuroscience can inform our understanding of emotion and motivation, while also outlining methodological commonalities between animal and human neuroscience research, with an emphasis on experimental design, physiological recording techniques and outcome measures. Typically, researchers investigating the neurobiology of emotions focus on either animal models or humans. This book brings the two disciplines together to share information and collaborate on future experimental techniques, physiological measures and clinical outcomes.- Integrates animal and human research to aid readers in discovering a clear path forward for translating basic science to clinical applications- Provides overviews of the most recent research into the neuroscience behind maladaptive behaviors and psychiatric disorders- Explores the commonalities in methods and outcome measures between animal and human researchers and how those commonalities can be harnessed for future collaboration and translational work

Contents:

Front Cover

Neurobiology of Abnormal Emotion and Motivated Behaviors

Copyright Page

Contents

List of Contributors

Introduction Emotion and Motivated Behaviors: Integrating Animal and Human Neurobiology Research

Section 1: Emotion-Related Impulsivity Across Disorders and Species

Section 2: Impulsivity and Stress in Eating Disorders

Section 3: Interaction of Stress and Drug-Seeking

Section 4: Learning to Inhibit the Fear Response

Section 5: Abnormal Emotional Reactivity Versus Regulation Across Disorders

I. Emotion-Related Impulsivity Across Disorders and Species

1 Using Preclinical Models to Understand the Neural Basis of Negative Urgency

Introduction

Current Models of Negative Urgency

Human Models

Animal Models

Neurobiological Mechanisms of Negative Urgency

Future Directions

Highlights

Acknowledgment

References

Further Reading

2 Emotion-Related Impulsivity and the Mood Disorders

Measures of Emotion-Related Impulsivity

Initial Validation and Links to Psychopathology

Toward a Model of Emotion-Related Impulsivity in Mood Disorders

Depression

Bipolar Disorder

Suicidality and Self-Harm

Summary

Possible Mechanisms: The Role of Response Inhibition

Unanswered Questions

II. Impulsivity and Stress in Eating Disorders

3 Impulsivity, Stress Reactivity, and Eating Disorders

Current Models

Impulsivity and Binge Eating

Negative Urgency and Binge Eating

Mechanisms

Negative Urgency and Expectancies: Expectancies as a Cognitive Representation of Prepotent Response

Neurobiological Underpinnings of Negative Urgency

Further Reading.

4 The Genetic Diathesis of Eating Disorders: Critical Roles for Puberty and Ovarian Hormones

Current Models: Humans

Eating Disorder Definitions

Genetic Risk Factors

Age Changes in Genetic Risk

Pubertal Differences in Genetic Risk

Effects of Ovarian Hormones

5 Animal Models of Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Components of Eating Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa

Bulimia Nervosa

Binge Eating Disorder

Current Models: Eating Disorders, Stress, and Anxiety

Anorexia Nervosa: Diet Restriction Model

Anorexia Nervosa: Activity-Based Anorexia

Animal Models of Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder

Bingeing: Intermittent Access Model

Bingeing: Diet and Stress Model

Bingeing: Chronic Subordination Stress Model

Purging: Sham-Feeding Model

Bingeing: Gastric Distension Model

Mechanisms: Neurobiology of Eating Disorders, Stress, and Anxiety

Eating Disorders and Anxiety

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Stress

Binge Eating Disorders (BEDs) and Stress

Highlights and Future Directions

6 A Framework for Elucidating Causes and Consequences of Malnutrition in Anorexia Nervosa

Current Models from Observations in Humans

Distinguishing between Factors that Cause, Maintain or Result from AN

Adaptations by Hormonal and Neural Systems Regulating Energy Balance

Dysregulation of Stress Response Systems

Neuroendocrine Stress Response

Activation of the Neuronal Stress Response System

Alterations in Higher Brain Circuits

Corticolimbic Circuits Regulating Motivated Behavior

Circuits Regulating Habit Formation

Mechanisms of AN

Early Life Stress

Premorbid Psychiatric Disorders.

Developing Animal Models of AN: Risk Factors for AN that are Amenable to Study in Model Organisms

Biological Variables

Genetic Susceptibility

Psychosocial Stress

Weight-Reducing Behaviors

Current Animal Models

Genetic Models

Environmental Stressors

Models Involving Combinations of Risk Factors for AN

Social Stress + Dieting

Dieting + Excessive Exercise

Genetic + Social Stress + Dieting

III. Interaction of Stress and Drug-Seeking

7 Stress System Sensitivity and Emotion Regulation in Early Abstinence from Substance Use Disorders-Targets for Medications...

Models of Stress and Motivation for Drugs and Alcohol

Mechanisms: Mood and Neurobiological Mechanisms Associated With Craving in Early Abstinent Cocaine and Alcohol-Dependent In...

Sensitivity of Core Stress Systems May Impinge Upon Regulatory Function

The Need for Novel Medication Targets

8 Effects of Stress and Chronic Alcohol Exposure on Emotional Behavior and Alcohol Consumption

Alcohol Withdrawal, Stress, and Anxiety

Alcohol Withdrawal, Stress, and Alcohol Drinking

Stress and Alcohol Drinking

9 A Genetic Mouse Model for Comorbid Alcohol Use Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Current Animal Models of Comorbid AUD and PTSD

A Genetic Mouse Model for Comorbid AUD and PTSD

Mechanisms for Comorbid AUD and PTSD

The Common Genetic Factors Hypothesis

Testing the Common Genetic Factors Hypothesis With Acoustic Startle Phenotypes

General Acoustic Startle Response

Conditioned Fear-Potentiated Startle

Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle Response.

The Self-Medication Hypothesis

The HPA Axis Dysregulation Hypothesis

IV. Learning to Inhibit the Fear Response

10 Neural Circuits for Fear Relapse

Mechanisms of Fear Relapse

Amygdala

Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Hippocampus

Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis

Acknowledgments

11 Brain Mechanisms for Learning and Using Safety Signals

Fear Circuitry

Safety Signals in Basolateral Amygdala

Safety Signals and Fear Expression Circuits

Safety Signals and Sensory Systems

Fear Modulatory Circuits: Prefrontal Cortex, Hippocampus, and Striatum

Neurotransmitter Systems

Studies of Safety Signals in Humans

The Current Model of Safety Learning and Future Directions

12 Animal Models to Investigate Social Support Induced Anxiety Reductions

Preclinical Modeling of Social Support and Anxiety Interactions

Social Isolation

Social Buffering

Social-Enhanced Safety Learning Models

SoFiA Model of Social-Enhanced Safety Learning

Neural Mechanisms of SoFiA

V. Abnormal Emotional Reactivity Versus Regulation Across Disorders

13 Neurophysiological Assessment of Anhedonia in Depression and Schizophrenia

Current Models of Anhedonia

Clinical Descriptions

Reward Sensitivity

Emotional Reactivity

14 The Role of Negative Emotion Abnormalities in Anhedonic Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Mechanisms (A New Model)

Negative Emotion Reactivity

Affective Coactivation

Basic Concepts in Emotion Regulation.

Emotion Regulation in SZ

15 Motivational Impairments in Psychotic and Depressive Pathology: Psychological and Neural Mechanisms

Initial Responsiveness to Reward (Hedonics and Liking)

Schizophrenia

Reward Anticipation, Reward Prediction Error, and Reinforcement Learning

Summary of Reward Anticipation, Prediction and Reinforcement Learning

Reward Valuation

Reward Valuation-Effort

Cognitive Control Goal-Directed Action

Summary and Future Directions

Perspectives and Future Directions for Integrating Animal and Human Neurobiology Research on Abnormal Emotion and Motivated...

Experimental Models and Methods

Behavioral Outcome Measurements

Genetic Markers

Neural Circuits

Index

Back Cover.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9780128136942

0128136944

9780128136935

0128136936