Critical care neurology. Part I, Volume 140 / volume editors, Eelco F.M. Widjdicks and Andreas H. Kramer.

Format:

• Book

Contributor:

• Kramer, Andreas H., editor.
• Widjdicks, Eelco F. M., editor.

Series:

• Handbook of clinical neurology ; Volume 140.
• Handbook of Clinical Neurology ; Volume 140

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

• Neurologic manifestations of general diseases.
• Neurological emergencies.
• Neurological intensive care.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (484 pages) : illustrations.

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier, 2017.

Summary:

Critical Care Neurology, Part I: Neurocritical Care focuses on the care specialists and general neurologists that consult in the ICU and their work with patients in acute, life-threatening situations who are dealing with neurologic or neurosurgical crises emanating from either a preexisting neurologic syndrome or from a new neurologic complication appearing as a result of another medical or surgical critical illness.These two separate clinical situations form the pillars of neurocritical care, hence these practices are addressed via two separate, but closely related, HCN volumes. Chapters in both focus on pathophysiology and management, and are tailored for both general neurologists and active neurocritical specialists, with a specific focus on management over diagnostics.Part I addresses the principles of neurocritical care and the management of various neurologic diseases. Part II addresses the interplay between neurologic complications and the surgical, medical, cardiac, and trauma of critical illnesses that most typically present in the ICU.- Provides an essential neurocritical care overview for general neurologists- Presents neurocritical care specialists with an update on severe neurological illness management- Offers coverage of all the most frequent neurologic diseases requiring intensive care- Includes chapters authored by global leaders in the field, providing the broadest, most expert coverage available on the topics discussed

Contents:

• Front Cover
• Critical Care Neurology Part I
• Copyright
• Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series
• Foreword
• Preface
• Contributors
• Contents of Part I
• Contents of Part II
• Section 1: Care in the neurosciences intensive care unit
• Chapter 1: The history of neurocritical care
• Early beginnings of intensive care medicine and neurology
• A new phase of critical care neurology
• A perspective
• References
• Chapter 2: Airway management and mechanical ventilation in acute brain injury
• Epidemiology
• Respiratory anatomy and physiology
• Airway and automaticity
• Effects of hyperoxia and hypoxia on brain physiology
• Effects of PCO2 and pH on brain physiology
• Clinical presentation
• Preparation for intubation
• Preparation for the difficult airway and mask ventilation scenarios
• Contraindications to (elective) intubation
• Alternatives to intubation
• Preintubation neurologic evaluation
• Reducing peri-intubation risk
• Clinical trials and guidelines
• Complex clinical decisions
• Induction medication issues to consider in the neurocritically ill
• Intubation in the setting of elevated intracranial pressure
• Intubation in the setting of impaired cerebral perfusion
• Intubation of the patient with unstable cervical spine
• Problems in ventilation after acute brain injury
• Effects of hyperventilation and hypoventilation on brain physiology
• Acidemic and alkalemic hypocarbia: potential for suppression of spontaneous hyperventilation
• Purposeful hyperventilation to control elevated ICP
• Hypoxia and hyperoxia exacerbate primary brain injury
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome
• Airway pressure can affect intracranial pressure
• Liberating of the ventilator
• Weaning trials
• Tracheostomy
• Chapter 3: Neuropulmonology
• Introduction.
• Neurocritical disorders associated with pulmonary disease
• Traumatic brain injury
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage
• Stroke
• Disordered breathing
• Seizures
• Neurogenic pulmonary edema
• Hospital course and management
• Conclusions
• Chapter 4: Neurocardiology
• Introduction
• Basic anatomy and physiology of neurocardiology
• Specific cardiac diseases in neurocritically ill patients
• Cardiac dysfunction and subarachnoid hemorrhage
• Pathogenesis of SAH neurogenic stunned myocardium
• Management of SAH neurogenic stunned myocardium
• Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy
• Chapter 5: Principles of intracranial pressure monitoring and treatment
• Neuropathology and pathophysiology of intracranial hypertension:
• Essential principles and semiquantitative relationships
• Cerebral autoregulation and pressure-volume compensation
• Clinical presentation and neurodiagnostics
• Methods of measurement
• Attempts to measure ICP and CPP noninvasively
• Typical waves and trends observed in ICP monitoring
• Cerebrovascular pressure reactivity and autoregulation
• Optimal CPP and critical ICP
• Pressure-volume compensatory reserve
• Other methods of ICP analysis
• Consequences of raised ICP observed with multimodal brain monitoring
• Cerebral oxygenation
• Cerebral biochemistry/microdialysis
• Cerebral blood flow
• Cerebral electric activity
• Treatment of raised intracranial pressure
• Treatment thresholds
• First level of treatment intensity: prevention of intracranial hypertension
• Second level of treatment intensity
• Hyperosmolar treatment: mannitol and hypertonic saline
• Hyperventilation
• Third level of treatment intensity - therapies with controversial impact on outcome
• Hypothermia
• Metabolic suppression - barbiturate coma.
• Decompressive craniectomy
• Treatment of acute exacerbations of intracranial pressure
• Is ICP monitoring useful?
• Chapter 6: Multimodal neurologic monitoring
• Electroencephalography
• Intracranial pressure monitoring
• Brain tissue oxygenation
• Jugular venous bulb oximetry
• Intraparenchymal cerebral oxygen monitoring
• Near-infrared spectroscopy
• Brain metabolism and cerebral microdialysis
• Transcranial doppler ultrasonography
• Bioinformatics and the future of MMM
• Conclusion
• Chapter 7: Continuous EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit
• Detection and management of seizures:
• Clarifying the nature of movements
• Monitoring depth of sedation
• Grading severity of encephalopathy
• Prognostication
• Technical and logistic considerations
• EEG montages
• Electrodes
• Raw EEG vs. quantitative displays
• Artifacts
• Controversies and future endeavors
• Standardization
• Chapter 8: Management of the comatose patient
• Causes of coma and prevalence
• Neuropathophysiology
• Neurologic examination of the comatose patient
• Cranial nerves
• Motor responses
• Classifying coma syndromes
• Laboratory tests and neuroimaging
• Management of the comatose patient
• Neurorehabilitation
• Outcome prediction
• Chapter 9: Management of status epilepticus
• Neuropathology
• Myoclonic status epilepticus
• Convulsive status epilepticus
• Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in coma
• Nonconvulsive status epilepticus without coma
• Absence status epilepticus
• Focal nonconvulsive status epilepticus without impaired consciousness
• Focal nonconvulsive status epilepticus with impaired consciousness
• Epilepsia partialis continua.
• Neurodiagnostics and imaging
• Pharmacotherapy
• Refractory status epilepticus
• Continuous EEG monitoring
• Progress to anesthetics in NCSE with preservation of consciousness
• Progress to anesthetics in comatose patients with NCSE
• NCSE patterns in critical illness
• Palliative care in superrefractory status epilepticus
• Immunosuppression in autoimmune encephalitis and NORSE
• Management of status epilepticus in pregnancy
• Chapter 10: Critical care in acute ischemic stroke
• Indications for ICU stroke care
• Airway management
• Large cerebral hemisphere or cerebellar hemisphere infarction
• Infarction with hemorrhagic transformation
• Postendovascular care
• Cardiac care
• Ischemic penumbra
• Reperfusion injury and hemorrhagic transformation
• Cerebral edema
• Emergency department
• Intensive care unit
• Postthrombolysis transfers
• Neurodiagnostics and neuroimaging
• Noncontrast head CT
• MRI of the brain
• CT and MR angiography
• CT and MR perfusion
• Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms
• Intravenous thrombolysis trials
• Patient management prior to IV tPA
• Patient management after IV tPA
• Intra-arterial thrombolysis
• Intra-arterial thrombectomy
• Patient management after endovascular therapy
• Intensive care of the acute ischemic stroke patient
• Blood pressure management
• Glycemic management
• Temperature management
• Antiplatelet management
• Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis
• Anemia management
• Early mobilization
• Treatment of dysphagia
• References.
• Chapter 11: Management of intracerebral hemorrhage
• Neurodiagnostics and imaging
• Prehospital management
• Management of hypertension
• Management of coagulopathy
• Management of seizures
• Management of fever
• Management of hyperglycemia
• Management of venous thromboembolism
• Surgical management
• Management of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure
• Management of intraventricular hemorrhage
• Chapter 12: Management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
• Natural history of aneurysmal SAH
• Etiology
• Subtypes of SAH
• Weather and climate
• Aneurysm formation and rupture
• Early brain injury
• Delayed cerebral ischemia
• Angiographic vasospasm
• Microcirculatory dysfunction
• Microthromboembolism
• Cortical spreading depolarization/ischemia
• Computed tomography
• Magnetic resonance imaging
• Lumbar puncture
• Determining the cause of SAH
• Initial management and prevention of rebleeding
• Aneurysm repair
• Complications and secondary treatment
• Diagnosis
• Prophylaxis and treatment
• Acute hydrocephalus
• Increased intracranial pressure
• Chapter 13: Management of acute neuromuscular disorders
• Pathophysiology
• Clinical features
• Neuromuscular respiratory failure
• Diagnostic tests
• Hospital course
• Chapter 14: Critical care management of traumatic brain injury.

Notes:

• "Third series."
• Includes index.
• Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed February 10, 2017).

ISBN:

0-12-803563-3