Critical care neurology. Part I, Volume 140 / volume editors, Eelco F.M. Widjdicks and Andreas H. Kramer.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Kramer, Andreas H., editor.

Widjdicks, Eelco F. M., editor.

Series:

Handbook of clinical neurology ; Volume 140.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology ; Volume 140

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Neurologic manifestations of general diseases.

Neurological emergencies.

Neurological intensive care.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (484 pages) : illustrations.

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier, 2017.

Summary:

Critical Care Neurology, Part I: Neurocritical Care focuses on the care specialists and general neurologists that consult in the ICU and their work with patients in acute, life-threatening situations who are dealing with neurologic or neurosurgical crises emanating from either a preexisting neurologic syndrome or from a new neurologic complication appearing as a result of another medical or surgical critical illness.These two separate clinical situations form the pillars of neurocritical care, hence these practices are addressed via two separate, but closely related, HCN volumes. Chapters in both focus on pathophysiology and management, and are tailored for both general neurologists and active neurocritical specialists, with a specific focus on management over diagnostics.Part I addresses the principles of neurocritical care and the management of various neurologic diseases. Part II addresses the interplay between neurologic complications and the surgical, medical, cardiac, and trauma of critical illnesses that most typically present in the ICU.- Provides an essential neurocritical care overview for general neurologists- Presents neurocritical care specialists with an update on severe neurological illness management- Offers coverage of all the most frequent neurologic diseases requiring intensive care- Includes chapters authored by global leaders in the field, providing the broadest, most expert coverage available on the topics discussed

Contents:

Front Cover

Critical Care Neurology Part I

Copyright

Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series

Foreword

Preface

Contributors

Contents of Part I

Contents of Part II

Section 1: Care in the neurosciences intensive care unit

Chapter 1: The history of neurocritical care

Early beginnings of intensive care medicine and neurology

A new phase of critical care neurology

A perspective

References

Chapter 2: Airway management and mechanical ventilation in acute brain injury

Epidemiology

Respiratory anatomy and physiology

Airway and automaticity

Effects of hyperoxia and hypoxia on brain physiology

Effects of PCO2 and pH on brain physiology

Clinical presentation

Preparation for intubation

Preparation for the difficult airway and mask ventilation scenarios

Contraindications to (elective) intubation

Alternatives to intubation

Preintubation neurologic evaluation

Reducing peri-intubation risk

Clinical trials and guidelines

Complex clinical decisions

Induction medication issues to consider in the neurocritically ill

Intubation in the setting of elevated intracranial pressure

Intubation in the setting of impaired cerebral perfusion

Intubation of the patient with unstable cervical spine

Problems in ventilation after acute brain injury

Effects of hyperventilation and hypoventilation on brain physiology

Acidemic and alkalemic hypocarbia: potential for suppression of spontaneous hyperventilation

Purposeful hyperventilation to control elevated ICP

Hypoxia and hyperoxia exacerbate primary brain injury

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Airway pressure can affect intracranial pressure

Liberating of the ventilator

Weaning trials

Tracheostomy

Chapter 3: Neuropulmonology

Introduction.

Neurocritical disorders associated with pulmonary disease

Traumatic brain injury

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Stroke

Disordered breathing

Seizures

Neurogenic pulmonary edema

Hospital course and management

Conclusions

Chapter 4: Neurocardiology

Introduction

Basic anatomy and physiology of neurocardiology

Specific cardiac diseases in neurocritically ill patients

Cardiac dysfunction and subarachnoid hemorrhage

Pathogenesis of SAH neurogenic stunned myocardium

Management of SAH neurogenic stunned myocardium

Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy

Chapter 5: Principles of intracranial pressure monitoring and treatment

Neuropathology and pathophysiology of intracranial hypertension:

Essential principles and semiquantitative relationships

Cerebral autoregulation and pressure-volume compensation

Clinical presentation and neurodiagnostics

Methods of measurement

Attempts to measure ICP and CPP noninvasively

Typical waves and trends observed in ICP monitoring

Cerebrovascular pressure reactivity and autoregulation

Optimal CPP and critical ICP

Pressure-volume compensatory reserve

Other methods of ICP analysis

Consequences of raised ICP observed with multimodal brain monitoring

Cerebral oxygenation

Cerebral biochemistry/microdialysis

Cerebral blood flow

Cerebral electric activity

Treatment of raised intracranial pressure

Treatment thresholds

First level of treatment intensity: prevention of intracranial hypertension

Second level of treatment intensity

Hyperosmolar treatment: mannitol and hypertonic saline

Hyperventilation

Third level of treatment intensity - therapies with controversial impact on outcome

Hypothermia

Metabolic suppression - barbiturate coma.

Decompressive craniectomy

Treatment of acute exacerbations of intracranial pressure

Is ICP monitoring useful?

Chapter 6: Multimodal neurologic monitoring

Electroencephalography

Intracranial pressure monitoring

Brain tissue oxygenation

Jugular venous bulb oximetry

Intraparenchymal cerebral oxygen monitoring

Near-infrared spectroscopy

Brain metabolism and cerebral microdialysis

Transcranial doppler ultrasonography

Bioinformatics and the future of MMM

Conclusion

Chapter 7: Continuous EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit

Detection and management of seizures:

Clarifying the nature of movements

Monitoring depth of sedation

Grading severity of encephalopathy

Prognostication

Technical and logistic considerations

EEG montages

Electrodes

Raw EEG vs. quantitative displays

Artifacts

Controversies and future endeavors

Standardization

Chapter 8: Management of the comatose patient

Causes of coma and prevalence

Neuropathophysiology

Neurologic examination of the comatose patient

Cranial nerves

Motor responses

Classifying coma syndromes

Laboratory tests and neuroimaging

Management of the comatose patient

Neurorehabilitation

Outcome prediction

Chapter 9: Management of status epilepticus

Neuropathology

Myoclonic status epilepticus

Convulsive status epilepticus

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in coma

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus without coma

Absence status epilepticus

Focal nonconvulsive status epilepticus without impaired consciousness

Focal nonconvulsive status epilepticus with impaired consciousness

Epilepsia partialis continua.

Neurodiagnostics and imaging

Pharmacotherapy

Refractory status epilepticus

Continuous EEG monitoring

Progress to anesthetics in NCSE with preservation of consciousness

Progress to anesthetics in comatose patients with NCSE

NCSE patterns in critical illness

Palliative care in superrefractory status epilepticus

Immunosuppression in autoimmune encephalitis and NORSE

Management of status epilepticus in pregnancy

Chapter 10: Critical care in acute ischemic stroke

Indications for ICU stroke care

Airway management

Large cerebral hemisphere or cerebellar hemisphere infarction

Infarction with hemorrhagic transformation

Postendovascular care

Cardiac care

Ischemic penumbra

Reperfusion injury and hemorrhagic transformation

Cerebral edema

Emergency department

Intensive care unit

Postthrombolysis transfers

Neurodiagnostics and neuroimaging

Noncontrast head CT

MRI of the brain

CT and MR angiography

CT and MR perfusion

Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms

Intravenous thrombolysis trials

Patient management prior to IV tPA

Patient management after IV tPA

Intra-arterial thrombolysis

Intra-arterial thrombectomy

Patient management after endovascular therapy

Intensive care of the acute ischemic stroke patient

Blood pressure management

Glycemic management

Temperature management

Antiplatelet management

Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis

Anemia management

Early mobilization

Treatment of dysphagia

References.

Chapter 11: Management of intracerebral hemorrhage

Neurodiagnostics and imaging

Prehospital management

Management of hypertension

Management of coagulopathy

Management of seizures

Management of fever

Management of hyperglycemia

Management of venous thromboembolism

Surgical management

Management of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure

Management of intraventricular hemorrhage

Chapter 12: Management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Natural history of aneurysmal SAH

Etiology

Subtypes of SAH

Weather and climate

Aneurysm formation and rupture

Early brain injury

Delayed cerebral ischemia

Angiographic vasospasm

Microcirculatory dysfunction

Microthromboembolism

Cortical spreading depolarization/ischemia

Computed tomography

Magnetic resonance imaging

Lumbar puncture

Determining the cause of SAH

Initial management and prevention of rebleeding

Aneurysm repair

Complications and secondary treatment

Diagnosis

Prophylaxis and treatment

Acute hydrocephalus

Increased intracranial pressure

Chapter 13: Management of acute neuromuscular disorders

Pathophysiology

Clinical features

Neuromuscular respiratory failure

Diagnostic tests

Hospital course

Chapter 14: Critical care management of traumatic brain injury.

Notes:

"Third series."

Includes index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed February 10, 2017).

ISBN:

0-12-803563-3