Hydrogen and fuel cells : emerging technologies and applications / Bent Sørensen, Giuseppe Spazzafumo.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Sørensen, Bent, 1941- author.

Spazzafumo, Giuseppe, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Hydrogen as fuel.

Fuel cells.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (524 pages) : illustrations, tables

Edition:

Third edition.

Place of Publication:

London, England : Academic Press, [2018].

Summary:

In a multidisciplinary field such as energy, Hydrogen and Fuel Cells stands out by covering the entire width of hydrogen production and usage technologies, giving detailed descriptions of not just one but the range of very different fuel cells that have been developed or are under development. In one volume, respected experts Bent Sorensen and Giuseppe Spazzafumo provide all the basic scientific theory underlying hydrogen and fuel cell technologies, but at the same time present applications and sustainable integration into society in a way accessible to a broad range of people working in this field, whether in technical, economic or management roles. The third edition reflects both recently emerged technologies and the market penetration of the most promising technologies, and it gives an appraisal of how far fuel cell technology may go in the future, considering current challenges and economic trends. This new edition has updated and expanded content on hydrogen storage and transmission, molten carbonate fuel cells, PEM fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, biofuel cells, including microbial fuel cells, applications in transportation and power plants, future scenarios and life-cycle assessment. It is ideal for researchers and professionals in the field of energy, and renewable energy in particular, both in academia and industry. It is also useful to lecturers and graduate students in engineering, physics, and environmental sciences, as well as professionals involved in energy or environmental regulation and policy.- Gain thorough understanding of the science and applications of hydrogen and a range of different fuel cells, including economic and social aspects of the field- Updated sections include hydrogen storage and transportation, biofuel cells, PEM and solid oxide fuel cells, applications in transportation and large scale power generation, and life-cycle assessment

Contents:

Front Cover

Hydrogen and Fuel Cells: Emerging Technologies and Applications

Copyright

Contents

Preface

Preface to second edition

Preface to first edition

Units and conversion factors

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1. Possible role of fuel cells and hydrogen

References

Chapter 2: Hydrogen

2.1. Production of hydrogen

2.1.1. Steam reforming

2.1.2. Partial oxidation, autothermal and dry reforming

2.1.3. Water electrolysis: reverse fuel cell operation

2.1.4. Gasification and woody biomass conversion

2.1.5. Biological hydrogen production

2.1.5.1. Photosynthesis

2.1.5.2. Bio-hydrogen production pathways

2.1.5.3. Hydrogen production by purple bacteria

2.1.5.4. Fermentation and other processes in the dark

2.1.5.5. Industrial-scale production of bio-hydrogen

2.1.6. Photodissociation

2.1.7. Direct thermal or catalytic splitting of water

2.2. Issues related to scale of production

2.2.1. Centralised hydrogen production

2.2.2. Distributed hydrogen production

2.2.3. Vehicle on-board fuel reforming

2.2.3.1. Production of methanol

2.2.3.2. Methanol-to-hydrogen conversion

2.3. Hydrogen storage options

2.3.1. Compressed gas storage

2.3.2. Liquid hydrogen storage

2.3.3. Hydride storage

2.3.3.1. Chemical thermodynamics

2.3.3.2. Metal hydrides

2.3.3.3. Complex hydrides

2.3.3.4. Modelling metal hydrides

2.3.4. Cryo-adsorbed gas storage

2.3.5. Other chemical storage options

2.3.6. Comparing storage options

2.4. Hydrogen transmission

2.4.1. Container transport

2.4.2. Pipeline transport

2.5. Hydrogen conversion overview

2.5.1. Uses as an energy carrier

2.5.2. Uses as an energy storage medium

2.5.3. Combustion uses in vehicles

2.5.4. Stationary hydrogen and fuel cell uses

2.5.5. Fuel cell uses for transportation.

2.5.6. Direct uses

2.6. Problems and discussion topics

Chapter 3: Fuel cells

3.1. Basic concepts

3.1.1. Electrochemistry and thermodynamics of fuel cells

3.1.1.1. Electrochemical device definitions

3.1.1.2. Fuel cells

3.1.2. Modelling aspects

3.1.3. Quantum chemistry approaches

3.1.3.1. Hartree-Fock approximation

3.1.3.2. Basis sets and molecular orbitals

3.1.3.3. Higher interactions and excited states: Møller-Plesset perturbation theory or density function phenomenological ...

3.1.4. Application to water splitting or fuel cell performance at a metal surface

3.1.5. Flow and diffusion modelling

3.1.6. The temperature factor

3.2. Molten carbonate fuel cells

3.3. Solid oxide fuel cells

3.4. Acid and alkaline fuel cells

3.5. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells

3.5.1. Current-collectors and gas delivery system

3.5.2. Gas diffusion layers

3.5.3. Membrane layer

3.5.4. Catalyst action

3.5.5. Overall performance

3.5.6. High-temperature and reverse operation

3.5.7. Degradation and lifetime

3.6. Direct methanol and other nonhydrogen fuel cells

3.7. Biofuel cells

3.8. Problems and discussion topics

Chapter 4: Fuel cell systems

4.1. Passenger cars

4.1.1. Overall system options for passenger cars

4.1.2. PEMFC and battery-fuel cell hybrid cars

4.1.3. Performance simulation

4.2. Other road vehicles

4.3. Ships, trains, and airplanes

4.4. Power plants and stand-alone systems

4.5. Building-integrated systems

4.6. Portable and other small-scale systems

4.7. Problems and discussion topics

Chapter 5: Implementation scenarios

5.1. Infrastructure requirements

5.1.1. Storage infrastructure

5.1.2. Transmission infrastructure

5.1.3. Local distribution

5.1.4. Filling stations.

5.1.5. Building-integrated concepts

5.2. Safety and norm issues

5.2.1. Safety concerns

5.2.2. Safety requirements

5.2.3. National and international standards

5.3. Scenarios based on fossil energy

5.3.1. Scenario techniques and demand modelling

5.3.2. Global clean fossil scenario

5.3.2.1. Clean fossil technologies

5.3.2.2. Fossil resource considerations

5.3.2.3. The fossil scenario

5.3.2.4. Evaluation of the clean fossil scenario

5.4. Scenarios based on nuclear energy

5.4.1. History and present concerns

5.4.2. Safe nuclear technologies

5.4.2.1. Inherently safe designs

5.4.2.2. Technical details of energy amplifier

5.4.2.3. Nuclear resources assessment

5.4.2.4. Safe nuclear scenario construction

5.4.2.5. Evaluation of the safe nuclear scenario

5.5. Scenarios based on renewable energy

5.5.1. Global renewable energy scenarios

5.5.2. Detailed national renewable energy scenario

5.5.2.1. Danish energy demand in 2050

5.5.2.2. Available renewable resources

5.5.2.3. Construction of 2050 scenarios for Denmark

Centralised scenario

Decentralised scenario

5.5.2.4. Assessment of renewable energy scenarios

5.5.3. New regional scenarios

5.5.4. The British Isles

5.5.4.1. Energy demand of British Island regions

5.5.4.2. Potential energy supply for the British Island regions

5.5.4.3. 2050 scenario for the British Isles

5.6. Problems and discussion topics

Chapter 6: Social implications

6.1. Cost expectations

6.1.1. Hydrogen production costs

6.1.2. Fuel cell costs

6.1.3. Hydrogen storage costs

6.1.4. Infrastructure costs

6.1.5. System costs

6.2. Life-cycle analysis of environmental and social impacts

6.2.1. Purpose and methodology of life-cycle analysis

6.2.2. Life-cycle analysis of hydrogen production.

6.2.2.1. Conventional production by steam reforming

6.2.2.2. Production by electrolysis

6.2.2.3. Direct bio-production of hydrogen from cyanobacteria or algae

Impacts from use of genetically engineered organisms

6.2.2.4. Hydrogen from fermentation of biomass

6.2.3. Life-cycle analysis of fuel cells

6.2.3.1. SOFCs and MCFCs

6.2.3.2. PEMFCs

6.2.4. Life-cycle comparison of conventional passenger car and passenger car with fuel cells

6.2.4.1. Environmental impact analysis

6.2.4.2. Social and economic impact analysis

6.2.4.3. Overall assessment

6.2.5. Life-cycle assessment of other vehicles for transportation

6.2.6. Life-cycle assessment of hydrogen storage and infrastructure

6.2.7. Life-cycle assessment of hydrogen systems

6.3. Uncertainties

6.4. Problems and discussion topics

Chapter 7: Conclusion: A conditional outcome

7.1. Opportunities

7.2. Obstacles

7.3. The competition

7.4. The way forward

7.4.1. Hydrogen storage in renewable energy systems

7.4.2. Fuel cell vehicles

7.4.3. Building-integrated fuel cells

7.4.4. Fuel cells in portable equipment

7.4.5. Fuel cells in centralised power production

7.4.6. Efficiency considerations

7.5. How much time do we have?

7.6 . The end and a beginning

Index

Back Cover.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (EBC, viewed March 5, 2018).

ISBN:

9780081007136

0081007132

9780081007082

0081007086