Wildland Fire Behaviour : Dynamics, Principles and Processes / Mark A. Finney [and three others].

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Finney, Mark Arnold, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Combustion.

Wildfires.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (377 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Clayton South, VIC : CSIRO Publishing, [2021]

Summary:

A detailed introduction to what is known and unknown about wildfire spread and its behaviours.

Contents:

Cover

Title

Copyright

FOREWORD

CONTENTS

PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

NOMENCLATURE

1 Introduction to wildfire science

Fire science and the need for experiments

Wildland fire science since 1900

Modelling and field-scale research

The challenge of validation

Outline of the book

References

2 Fire and wildland fire behaviour

The burning candle as a fire process

Igniting and burning a candle

Flame shape

Flame size

Candles and wildfires as coupled systems

Wildfire behaviour triangle: fuels, weather, topography

Wildfire classification

Initial fire growth

Line fire concept

Wildfire behaviour

Fire spread rate

Fire shapes

Fire area and perimeter

Heat release and fireline intensity

Flame length

Fire characteristics chart

Fire acceleration

Summary

Supplementary calculations

Endnote

3 Thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer

Basic concepts, material properties and terminology

Thermodynamics

Fluid mechanics

Boundary layers

Vortex flows

Ember lofting

Heat transfer

Conduction heat transfer

Radiation heat transfer

Convection heat transfer

Combined heat transfer

4 Combustion

Fuels

Thermodynamics of combustion

Combustion reactions

Heat of combustion

Flame temperatures

Brief discussion of chemical kinetics

Types of flames

Premixed flames

Non-premixedor diffusion flames

Smouldering and glowing

Endnotes

5 Ignition

The ignition process

Flaming ignition criteria

Types of ignition

Critical heat flux for ignition

Predicting ignition times

Factors that affect ignition time

Live fuels

6 The environment in wildfire dynamics

Wildland fuel.

Fuel particles and fuel beds

Fuel moisture

Implications for fuel characterisation and classification

Weather

Winds

Solar radiation

Topography

Fire configurations

Flame front width and shape

Backing fires and flanking

Multiple flame zones and air-flow interactions

7 Wildfire spread

System behaviour

Model framework

Fuel particles

Burning rate

Flame radiation heat transfer

Solid glowing radiation

Ambient environment radiation heat transfer

Model function

Modelled fire spread and behaviour

Simple fire spread dynamics

Fuel particle heating and ignition

Fuel loading

Flame front width

Effects of wind

Non-steadywind

Effects of slope

Effects of dead fuel moisture

Effects of fuel continuity

Positive and negative feedbacks

Model improvements

Combustion

Ignition

Wind

Flame zone orientation

Crown fire

8 Behaviours of large fires

Spotting and spot fires

Fire shapes and growth patterns

Burn streets

Plumes and pyroconvective atmospheric storms

Vorticity

Pulsating or puffing

Fire whirls

Counter-rotating vortex pairs and wake vortices

Vorticity-driven lateral spread

Mass fires

9 Measurements in fire behaviour

Sampling and experimental design

Fire measurements

Combustion and heat release

Fuel consumption

Heat release

Flame zone properties

Radiation

Convection

Rate of spread

One-dimensional spread rate

Two-dimensional spread rate and fire growth

Environmental measurements

Weather and wind

Temperature

Relative humidity

10 Ignition techniques for experimental burning.

Point ignition

Single line ignition

Heading fires

Backing fires

Flanking fires

Other line ignitions

Multiple line fires

Strip head fire

Flank fire

Multiple spot ignitions

Ring fire, centre fire, mass ignition

11 Conclusions

Key principles and insights

Principal value to researchers

Principal value to managers

APPENDIX A: PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND UNITS

APPENDIX B: THERMAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AIR

INDEX.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1-5231-5395-4

OCLC:

1286430722