Metabolism of Nutrients by Gut Microbiota / edited by Joseph F. Pierre.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Pierre, Joseph F., editor.

Series:

ISSO (Series)

Issn Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Gastrointestinal system--Microbiology.

Gastrointestinal system.

Metabolism.

Biotransformation (Metabolism).

Nutrition.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (210 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

London, England : The Royal Society of Chemistry, [2022]

Summary:

Bringing together expert researchers in the fields of microbiome, metabolism, and nutrition research, this book compiles the current state of knowledge from authorities specifically on how diet regulates microbial function with metabolic implications for the human host.

Contents:

Intro

Half title

Series title

Title

Copyright

Preface

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction and Background to Microbiome Research 1

1.1 Introduction to the Gut Microbiota

1.2 Approaches in Microbiome Research

1.2.1 Fingerprinting the Microbial Community

1.2.2 Identification and Classification of Microbial Membership and Their Functions

1.3 In Vivo Models for Investigating Microbial Causality in Nutrition and Metabolism

1.4 In Vitro Models to Study the Microbiome

1.4.1 Microbial Culture-based Technologies to Study Host-Microbe Interactions

1.4.2 Cell Culture Model Systems to Study Host-Microbe Interactions

1.5 Heterogeneity of Mammalian Gut Microbes - Implications for Nutritional Science

1.6 Summary

References

Chapter 2 Metabolism of Dietary Carbohydrates by Intestinal Bacteria 18

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Dietary Fiber

2.2.1 Cellulose

2.2.2 Hemicellulose

2.2.3 Pectin

2.2.4 Oligosaccharides

2.2.5 Resistant Starch

2.2.6 Lignin

2.3 Polyphenols

2.4 Amino Sugars

2.5 Tools for Identifying Products of Microbiota Metabolism

2.6 Future Directions

Acknowledgements

Chapter 3 The Microbiome and Amino Acid Metabolism 48

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Microbes and Protein in the Gut Compartments

3.2.1 Microbes and Protein in the Small Intestine

3.2.2 Microbes and Protein in the Large Intestine

3.3 Metabolic Pathways of Proteolytic Fermentation

3.3.1 Deamination

3.3.2 Decarboxylation

3.3.3 Stickland Reaction

3.4 Metabolites Produced by Proteolytic Fermentation

3.4.1 Ammonia

3.4.2 Amines

3.4.3 Branched Chain Fatty Acids

3.4.4 Phenols and Indoles

3.5 Fermentation of Aromatic Amino Acids

3.5.1 Tryptophan

3.5.2 Tyrosine

3.5.3 Phenylalanine

3.6 Proteolytic Fermentation and Health.

3.6.1 Proteolytic Metabolites and the Gut-Brain Axis

3.6.2 Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

3.6.3 Colorectal Cancer

3.6.4 Metabolic Syndrome

3.7 Conclusions

Chapter 4 Fat Absorption, Metabolism, and Global Regulation 68

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Obesity and the Gut Microbiota

4.3 Dietary Modulation of the Gut Microbiota

4.3.1 Diet-mediated Shifts in Gut Microbiota Community Composition

4.3.2 Direct Microbial Metabolism of Dietary Components

4.4 Local Effects of Gut Microbes on the Gastrointestinal Tract

4.4.1 Lipid Digestion and Absorption

4.5 Microbial Regulation of Peripheral Metabolic Organs

4.5.1 Gut Microbiota-Liver Interactions

4.5.2 Gut Microbiota-Adipose Interactions

4.5.3 Gut Microbiota-Muscle Interactions

4.6 Conclusion

Chapter 5 Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics in Human Health 86

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Probiotics

5.1.2 Prebiotics

5.1.3 Synbiotics

5.2 The Gut Microbiome and Human Health

5.3 Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics in Illnesses Related to Gut Dysbiosis

5.3.1 Introduction

5.3.2 Intra-intestinal Disorders

5.3.3 Extra-intestinal Disorders

5.4 Conclusion

Chapter 6 Microbial Drug Interactions and Human Health 120

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Drugs Perturb Gut Microbiota Structure, Function, and Host Health

6.3 Gut Microbiome as a Modulator of Pharmokinetics

6.4 Microbial Biochemistry of Drug Metabolism

6.5 Approaches and Model Systems to Study Gut Pharmacomicrobiomics

6.6 Personalized Pharmacomicrobiomics and the Future of Microbiome-centric Therapies

6.7 Summary

Chapter 7 Early Life Microbiome Colonization and Human Health 150

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Microbiome Acquisition and Factors Shaping Composition.

7.2.1 During Gestation

7.2.2 Following Birth or Delivery

7.2.3 The Effect of Birth Route

7.2.4 The Role of Infant Nutrition

7.2.5 Exposure to Antibiotics

7.3 Early Life Microbiome and Normal Organ System Development

7.3.1 Digestive Organ Development

7.3.2 Brain Growth and Development

7.3.3 Bone Mass

7.4 Early Life Microbiome and Obesity Risk

7.5 Early Life Microbiome and Immunological Disturbance

7.5.1 Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

7.5.2 Asthma and Food Allergy

7.5.3 Vaccine Efficacy

7.6 Conclusions

Chapter 8 The Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Surgery 173

8.1 Introduction and History of Bariatric Surgery

8.2 Types of Bariatric Surgery

8.3 Mechanisms of Metabolic Improvement

8.3.1 Role of the Endocrine System

8.3.2 Role of the Nervous System

8.4 Microbiome and Bile Acid Changes Following Metabolic Surgery

8.4.1 The Microbiome in Obesity

8.4.2 The Microbiome and Metabolic Surgery

8.4.3 Bile Acid Metabolism and Signaling

8.5 Effects of Metabolic Surgery, Microbiome, and Bile Acids on Host Immunity

8.5.1 The Microbiome and Host Immunity

8.5.2 Bile Acids and Host Immunity

8.5.3 Metabolic Surgery and Host Immunity

8.6 Areas of Current and Future Research

8.7 Conclusion

Subject Index.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references.

Other Format:

Print version: Pierre, Joseph F Metabolism of Nutrients by Gut Microbiota

ISBN:

9781839160950

1839160950

9781839160967

1839160969