Encyclopedia of African-American writing / editors, Laura Nicosia, Ph.D, James F. Nicosia, Ph.D.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Nicosia, Laura M., editor.

Nicosia, James F., editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

American literature--African American authors--Dictionaries.

American literature.

African Americans--Intellectual life--Dictionaries.

African Americans.

African American authors--Biography--Dictionaries.

African American authors.

African Americans in literature--Dictionaries.

African Americans in literature.

African Americans--Intellectual life.

American literature--African American authors.

Genre:

encyclopedias.

Biographies.

Encyclopedias.

Dictionaries.

Physical Description:

2 volumes (xxiii, 1277 pages) : illustrations ; 26 cm

Edition:

Fourth edition, completely revised.

Place of Publication:

Amenia, NY : Salem Press, a division of EBSCO Information Services, Inc., Grey House Publishing, [2022]

Summary:

"A timely survey of an important sector of American letters, this fourth edition of The encyclopedia of African-American writing highlights the role and influence of African-American cultural leaders, from all walks of life, from the 17th century to the present. The text takes readers on a journey to learn about what inspired various African-American writers to create poems, plays, short stories, novels, essays, opinion pieces, and numerous other works, and how those writings contributed to American culture ... New arrangement, this edition has a new topical arrangement, to aid in discovery. The entries are grouped into four main sections: Author biographies, for a total of 722, with illustrations, cover the important events in a writer's life, education, major works, honors and awards, and family and important associates. African American organizations & publications give readers more information about the groups and publications that wre important to these writers. Primary documents take the reader on a literary journey from a slave contract in 1635 to the present day. African American movements help readers better understand several elements of the civil rights movement, the struggle for voting rights, and the Black Lives Matter movement, among others. Several timelines, chronologies, and appendices help readers navigate the text and make literary connections by genre, time, and occupation." From Publisher's description.

Contents:

Machine generated contents note: Volume 1

Prominent Figures in African-American Writing and Leadership

Robert S. Abbott

Stacey Abrams

Mumia Abu-Jamal

Tomi Adeyemi

Chimamanda Adichie

Ai

Elizabeth Alexander

Richard Allen

Samuel W. Allen

Hilton Als

Johari Amini

Marian Anderson

Regina M. Anderson

Raymond Andrews

Maya Angelou

Tina McElroy Ansa

Molefi Kete Asante

Arthur Robert Ashe, Jr.

Russell Atkins

William Attaway

Alvin Aubert

Michael Baisden

Augusta Baker

Houston A. Baker, Jr

Kyle Baker

James Baldwin

Toni Cade Bambara

Leslie Esdaile Banks

Benjamin Banneker

Amiri Baraka

Jesse Max Barber

Steven Emory Barnes

Claude Albert Barnett

Gerald W. Barrax

Charlotta Amanda Spears Bass

Solomon Bayley

Delilah Leontium Beasley

Paul Beatty

Barry Beckham

James Madison Bell

Gwendolyn B. Bennett

George Harold "Hal" Bennett

Lerone Bennett, Jr.

Mary Frances Berry

Henry Walton Bibb

Donald Bogle

Tonya Bolden

Marita (Odette) Bonner

Arna Wendell Bontemps

St. Clair Cecil Bourne

Melba Joyce Boyd

David Henry Bradley, Jr.

William Stanley Beaumont Braithwaite

Barbara Brandon

Edward Kamau Brathwaite

Benjamin Griffith Brawley

Joanne "Jodi" Margaret Braxton

Cyril Valentine Briggs

Gwendolyn Brooks

Cecil Brown

Charlotte Eugenia Hawkins Brown

Claude Brown

Elaine Brown

Frank London Brown

Hallie Quinn Brown

Jericho Brown

John Brown

Linda Beatrice Brown

Lloyd Brown

Sterling Allen Brown

William Wells Brown

The Bruce Family

Josephine Beall Bruce

Blanche K. Bruce, husband

Henry Clay Bruce, brother-in-law

Roscoe Conkling Bruce, Sr., son

Joseph Willson, father

Ashley F. Bryan

Ed Bullins

Ralph Johnson Bunche

Margaret Taylor Burroughs

Nannie Helen Burroughs

Octavia E. Butler

Lydia Cabrera

Bebe Moore Campbell

James Edwin Campbell

Stokely Carmichael

Vinnette Justine Carroll

George Washington Carver

Mary Ann Cary

Cyrus Cassells

Horace Roscoe Cayton, Jr.

Colin Channer

Tracy Chapman

Barbara Chase-Riboud

Charles Waddell Chesnutt

Lydia Maria Child

Alice Childress

Shirley Chisholm

Barbara Christian

Marcus Bruce Christian

Kenneth B. Clark

Mamie Phipps Clark

Septima Poinsette Clark

John Henrik Clarke

Pearl Cleage

(Leroy) Eldridge Cleaver

Michelle Cliff

Lucille Clifton

Ta-Nehisi Coates

Charles E. Cobb, Jr.

Jewell Plummer Cobb

William Montague Cobb

Johnnetta Cole

Wanda Evans Coleman

Eugenia Collier

Kathleen Collins

Patricia Hill Collins

Jesus Colon

Cyrus Colter

James H. Cone

Anna Julia Cooper

J. California Cooper

Sam Cornish

Samuel E. Cornish

James D. Corrothers

Jayne Cortez

William H. (Bill) Cosby, Jr.

Ellis Cose

Julia Ringwood Coston

Joseph Seamon Cotter, Jr.

Joseph Seamon Cotter, Sr.

Ellen and William Craft

Hannah Crafts

Pearl Crayton

Donald Crews

Frank Rudolph Crosswaith

Stanley Crouch

Alexander Crummell

Harold Wright Cruse

Countee Cullen

Christopher Paul Curtis

Leon-Gontran Damas

Raymond G. Dandridge

Margaret Danner

Edwidge Danticat

Julie Dash

Dave, the Potter

Angela Davis

Arthur Paul Davis

Frank Marshall Davis

Ossie Davis

Thulani Davis

Julia de Burgos

Borden Deal

Ruby Dee

Sara ("Sadie") Marie Delaney

Annie Elizabeth "Bessie" Delany

Clarissa Scott Delany

Martin R. Delany

Samuel R. Delany, Jr.

Sarah "Sadie" (Louise) Delany

William Demby

Thomas Covington "Tom" Dent

Mychal Denzel Smith

Toi Derricotte

Alexis De Veaux

Bo Diddley

Owen Dodson

"Fats" Domino

Thomas Dorsey

Frederick Douglass

Sarah Douglass

Rita Dove

St. Clair Drake

Sharon M. Draper

David Clyde Driskell

Shirley (Lola) Du Bois

W. E. B. Du Bois

Tananarive Due

Henry L. Dumas

Paul Laurence Dunbar

Alice Dunbar-Nelson

Katherine Dunham

Michael Eric Dyson

Cornelius Eady

Gerald Early

Marian Wright Edelman

Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds

Lonne Elder, III

Ralph (Waldo) Ellison

James A. Emanuel, Sr.

Olaudah Equiano

Danielle Evans

Mari Evans

Percival Everett, II

Myrlie Evers-Williams

Sarah Fabio (nee Webster)

Jessie Redmon Fauset

Elton C. Fax

Tom Feelings

Lloyd Noel Ferguson

Julia Fields

Laurence Fishburne, III

Abby Fisher

Rudolph "Bud" Fisher

Nick Aaron Ford

Leon Forrest

The Forten-Grimke-Purvis-Weld Family

James Forten, Sr.

Sarah Louise Forten Purvis

Charlotte "Lottie" Forten Grimke

Robert Purvis, Sr

Sarah Grimke

Angelina Emily Grimke Weld

Archibald Henry Grimke

Francis James Grimke

Angelina Weld Grimke

Amos Fortune

Timothy Thomas Fortune

Frances Smith Foster

Ross Fran

J. E. Franklin

John Hope Franklin

E. Franklin Frazier

William P. French

Charles H. Fuller, Jr.

Hoyt Fuller

Ernest J. Gaines

Hazel B. Garland

Henry Highland Garnet

Amy Euphemia Garvey

Garvey, Jr., Marcus (Moziah)

Henry Louis Gates, Jr.

Roxane Gay

Addison Gayle, Jr.

David George

Haile Gerima

P.J. (Patricia Joann) Gibson

Paula Giddings

Nikki Giovanni

C. S. Giscombe

Malcolm Gladwell

Donald Goines

Whoopi Goldberg

Marita Golden

Jewelle Gomez

Charles Gordone

Amanda Gorman

Lorenz Graham

Evelyn Boyd Granville

William Garfield "Bill" Greaves

J. (Jacob) D. Green

Eloise Greenfield

Sam Greenlee

Richard Claxton "Dick" Gregory

Sutton E. Griggs

Francis J. Grimke

Anthony Grooms

(Carol) Lani Guinier

Rosa Cuthbert Guy

Andrea Hairston

Alex Haley

Prince Hall

Virginia Hamilton

Briton Hammon

Jupiter Hammon

W. C. Handy

Lorraine Hansberry

William Leo Hansberry

Joyce Viola Hansen

Maud Hare

Nathan Hare

Frances Ellen Watkins Harper

Michael S. Harper

Oliver ("Ollie") Wendell Harrington

E. Lynn Harris

Joel Chandler Harris

Trudier Harris

James S. ("Jim") Haskins

Robert Hayden

Elizabeth Ross Haynes

Lemuel Haynes

Nathan C. Heard

Essex Hemphill

Matthew Alexander Henson

Frank Hercules

Calvin C. Hernton

Carolivia Herron

(Edwin) DuBose Heyward

The Higginbotham Family

A. (Aloysius) Leon Higginbotham, Jr.

Evelyn Higginbotham

Anita Faye Hill

Donna Hill

Chester Himes

Darlene Clark Hine

Everett H. Hoagland, III

Billie Holiday

James Theodore Holly

Carl M. Holman

Bell Hooks

Pauline Hopkins

George Moses Horton

Charles Houston

Drusilla Dunjee Houston

The Hudson Family

Cheryl Willis Hudson

Wade Hudson

(James) Langston Hughes

Akasha Hull

Alberta Hunter

Kristin Hunter

Charlayne Hunter-Gault

Zora Neale Hurston

Jean Blackwell Hutson

Ice-T

Angela Jackson

Elaine Jackson

George Lester Jackson

Jesse Jackson

Jesse Jackson, Sr.

Joseph Harrison Jackson

Mae Jackson

Mahalia Jackson

Mattie J. Jackson

Rebecca Jackson

Harriet Jacobs

T. D. (Thomas Dexter) Jakes

Lance Jeffers

N.K.Jemisin

Beverly Jenkins

Ted Joans

Yolanda Joe

Amelia E. (Etta) Johnson

Angela Johnson

Charles Richard Johnson

Charles (Spurgeon) Johnson

Fenton Johnson

Georgia (Blanche) Douglas Johnson

Helene Johnson

James Weldon Johnson

John Harold Johnson

Kathryn Magnolia Johnson

Mat Johnson

William Johnson

Edward P. Jones

Gayl Amanda Jones

Sarah Jones

Tayari Jones

Karen Jones-Meadows

Barbara Charline Jordan

June Jordan

E.J.Josey

Ernest Everett Just

Maulana Ron Karenga

Robert "Bob" Kaufman

Elizabeth Hobbs Keckley

John R. Keene. Jr.

William Melvin Kelley

Randall Kenan

Ibram X. Kendi

Adrienne Kennedy

John Oliver Killens

Jamaica Kincaid

Riley B. "B. B." King

Boston King

Coretta Scott King

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Woodie King, Jr.

Etheridge Knight

Yusef Komunyakaa

Talib Kweli

Joyce A. Ladner

Pinkie Lane

John Mercer Langston

NellaLarsen

Queen Latifah

Catherine A. Latimer

Lewis Howard Latimer

Victor LaValle

Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot

Andrea Lee

Barbara Lee

Jarena Lee

Spike Lee

Julius Lester

David Levering Lewis

Robin Coste Lewis

Samella Sanders Lewis

Alain (LeRoy) Locke

Rayford W. (Whittington) Logan

Louis E. Lomax

Audrey Geraldine Lorde

Nat Love

Rose Leary Love

John R. Lynch

Caesar Lyndon

Nathaniel Mackey

Naomi Long Madgett

Haki Madhubuti

Clarence Major

Julianne Malveaux

John Marrant

Paule Burke Marshall

Thurgood Marshall

John Frederick Matheus

Sharon Bell Mathis

Victoria Matthews

Curtis Mayfield

Julian Hudson Mayfield

The Maynard Family

Nancy Hicks Alene Hall Maynard

Robert (Clyve) Maynard, husband

Dori J. Maynard, daughter

Benjamin Elijah Mays

Janet A. McDonald

Dwayne Glenn McDuffie

Contents note continued: Colleen McElroy

Bernice L. McFadden

Walter Brown "Brownie" McGhee

James E. McGirt

Aaron Vincent McGruder

Festus Claudius "Claude" McKay

Nellie Yvonne Reynolds McKay

Patricia C. McKissack

Terry McMillan

James Alan McPherson

Mary E. Mebane

Louise Jenkins Meriwether

Lyda Moore Merrick

Oscar Micheaux

E. (Eugene) Ethelbert Miller

Kelly Miller

May Miller Sullivan

Athernia J. Millican

Ronald Milner

Loften Mitchell

Mary Nicholson Monroe

Anne Moody

Opal Moore

Toni Morrison

Walter Ellis Mosley

Thylias Moss

Gertrude Bustill Mossell

Willard Motley

Jeane Moutoussamy-Ashe

Jess Mowry

Harryette Romell Mullen

Beatrice M. Murphy

Carl Murphy

Albert L. Murray

Daniel Alexander Payne Murray

Anna Pauli Murray

Christopher Myers

Walter Dean Myers

Gloria Naylor

Lawrence Paul "Larry" Neal

Barbara Neely

William Cooper Nell

Jill Nelson

Kadir Nelson

Effie Lee Newsome

Solomon Northup

Richard Bruce Nugent

Barack Obama, II

Michelle L. Obama

Nnedi Okorafor

Diane Oliver

Jackie Ormes

Brenda Marie Osbey

Chandler Owen

ZZ Packer (Zuwena Packer)

Clarence Page

Nell Irvin Painter

Robert E. (Ezra) Park

Pat Parker

Gordon Parks, Sr.

Suzan-Lori Parks

Lucy Gonzalez Parsons

Lillie Patterson

Orlando Patterson

Raymond R. Patterson

William L. Patterson

Daniel Alexander Payne

Ethel Lois Payne

John H. Paynter

James William Charles Pennington

Eugene Perkins

Louis Stamford Peterson

Ann Lane Petry

Robert Deane Pharr

Carl Phillips

William Pickens

Wilson Pickett

Pedro Juan Pietri

Andrea Davis Pinkney

Jerry Pinkney

Ann Plato

Sterling Plumpp

Carlene Hatcher Polite

James Amos Porter

Dorothy Louise Porter Wesley

Ted Poston

Alvin Francis Poussaint

Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.

Adam Clayton Powell, Sr

Kevin Powell

Mary Prince

Nancy Prince

Richard Pryor

Robert Purvis, Sr.

Benjamin Quarles

Volume 2

Emily Raboteau

Aishah Rahman

Gertrude "Ma" Rainey

Arnold Rampersad

Alice Randall

Dudley Felker Randall

A. (Asa) Philip Randolph

Claudia Rankine

William James Raspberry

Henrietta Cordelia Ray

Andy Razaf

Bernice Johnson Reagon

Charles L. Reason

James "Jay" Thomas Saunders Redding

Otis Redding, Jr

Eugene Redmond

Ishmael Reed

Sarah Parker Remond

Jason Reynolds

Jewell Parker Rhodes

Beah Richards

Willis Richardson

John Ridley, IV

Marlon Troy Riggs

Faith Ringgold

Conrad Kent Rivers

Eslanda "Essie" Robeson

Paul Robeson

The Robinson Family

Max Robinson

Randall Robinson

Chris Rock

Carolyn Rodgers

Joel Augustus Rogers

Charlemae Hill Rollins

Moses Roper

Fran Ross

Marguerite Ross-Barnett

Carl Thomas Rowan

David Ruggles

Gertrude Elzora Durden Rush

John Russwurm

Bayard Rustin

Carl Hancock Rux

Kalamu ya Salaam

Sonia Benita Sanchez

Dori Sanders

Sapphire

Charles R. Saunders

William Sanders Scarborough

Arthur A. Schomburg

George Samuel Schuyler

Philippa Duke Schuyler

Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr.

Gil Scott-Heron

Victor Sejour

The Senna Family

Carl Senna

Danzy (Maria) Senna, daughter

Assata Olugbala Shakur

Tupac Shakur

Ntozake Shange

Reginald Shepherd

Ted (Theodis) Shine

Ann Allen Shockley

Herbert Alfred Simmons

William J. Simmons

Noble Sissle

Iceberg Slim

Amanda Berry Smith

Anna Deveare Smith

Barbara Smith

Effie Waller Smith

Jessie Carney Smith

Lillian Eugenia Smith

Venture Smith

William Gardner Smith

Geneva Smitherman

Ellease Southerland

Eileen Stanza Jackson Southern

Eulalie Spence

Anne Spencer

Hortense J. Spillers

The Spingarm Family

Arthur B. Spingarn

Joel Elias Spingarn

Victoria Regina Spivey

The Steele Family

Claude M. Steele

Shelby Steele

John Lewis Steptoe

Dorothy Sterling

Theophilus Gould Steward

Maria W. Stewart

William Still

Chuck Stone

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Sekou Sundiata

Benjamin Tucker Tanner

Obour Tanner

Ellen Tarry

Claudia Tate

Eleanora E. Tate

Mildred Delois Taylor

Susan L. Taylor

Susie Taylor

Mary Eliza Church Terrell

Lucy Terry

Joyce Carol Thomas

Lorenzo Thomas

Piri Thomas

Era Bell Thompson

Howard Thurman

Wallace Henry Thurman

Katherine Davis Chapman Tillman

Melvin Beaunorus Tolson

Jean Toomer

Jackie Torrence

Askia Muhammad Toure

Natasha Trethewey

Geraldine Trotter

James Monroe Trotter

William Monroe Trotter

Quincy Thomas Troupe, Jr.

Sojourner Truth

Harriet Tubman

Darwin Theodore Troy Turner

Henry McNeal Turner

Lorenzo Dow Turner

Nat Turner

Waters Edward Turpin

Omar Tyree

Neil deGrasse Tyson

Henry Van Dyke

Melvin Van Peebles

Ivan van Sertima

Carl Van Vechten

Robert Lee Vann

George Boyer Vashon

Olympia Vernon

Mary Elizabeth Vroman

Derek Walcott

A'Lelia Walker

Alice Walker

David Walker

Margaret Walker

Rebecca Walker

Wyatt Tee Walker

Eric Derwent Walrond

Mildred Pitts Walter

Anthony Walton

Marilyn Waniek

Douglas Turner Ward

Jesmyn Ward

Samuel Ringgold Ward

Theodore Ward

Booker T. Washington

Ethel Waters

Tom Weatherly

Afaa M. Weaver

Robert C. Weaver

Frank J. Webb

Angelina Grimke Weld

Ida B. Wells-Barnett

Frances Cress Welsing

Charles Harris Wesley

The Wesley Family

Valerie Wilson Wesley

Richard (Errol) Wesley, husband

Cornel West

Dorothy West

Phillis Wheatley

Frances A. Rollin Whipper

William Whipper

Paulette Childress White

Walter Francis White

Colson Whitehead

James Monroe Whitfield

Albery Allson Whitman

John Edgar Wideman

Roger Wood Wilkins

Roy Ottaway Wilkins

Brenda Wilkinson

Chancellor Williams

Edward Christopher Williams

George Washington Williams

John A. Williams

Patricia J. Williams

Peter Williams, Jr.

Robert Franklin Williams

Samm-Art Williams

Sherley Anne Williams

Spencer Williams, Jr.

Stanley Tookie Williams, III

Rita Williams-Garcia

August Wilson

Harriet E. Wilson

William Julius Wilson

Oprah Winfrey

Stevie Wonder

Carter Godwin Woodson

Jacqueline Amanda Woodson

Charles S. Wright

Courtni Crump Wright

Jay Wright

Richard Wright

Sarah E. Wright

Malcolm X

Marvin X

Camille Yarbrough

Frank G.Yerby

Al Young

Kevin Young

Whitney M. Young, Jr.

Ahmos Zu-Bolton

Prominent Organizations and Publications

Abbott's Monthly

Abolitionist Periodicals

Affrilachian Poets

The African-American Folklorist Society

African American Review

African Arts Academy

African Heritage Studies Association (AHSA)

Afro-American Association

Afro-Latin American Research Institute

Alexander's Magazine

American Council on Race Relations

American Folklore Society

American Negro Academy

American Negro Historical Society

American Society of African Culture (AMSAC)

Amsterdam News

Anthologies of African-American Literature

Writing Collections

Literary Journals

Regional African-American Literature

Special Topics and Audiences

Drama

Fiction

Nonfiction

Poetry and Music

Popular Journals

Men's Writing (Heterosexual & LGBTQ+)

Women's Writing (Heterosexual & LGBTQ+)

Children's and Young Adult writing

Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History

Atlanta Inquirer

Baltimore Afro-American

Black American Literature Forum

Black Fire: An Anthology of African-American Writing

Black Opals

Black Pearls Society

The Black Scholar

Black World

BlackBoard African-American Bestsellers

Broadside Press

The Brownies' Book

Callaloo

Cave Canem

Chicago Daily Defender

Colored American Magazine

Combahee River Collective (CRC)

The Competitor

The Crisis

Douglass Monthly

Ebony

Echoes from the Gumbo

Fire!!

First World

Frederick Douglass' Paper

Free Southern Theater (FST)

Freedom's Journal

Freedomways: A Quarterly Review of the Negro Freedom Movement

Harlem Renaissance journals

Harlem Writers Guild

The Horizon: A Journal of the Color Line

Howard University Press

The Hutchins Center for African & African American Research

Johnson Publishing Company

Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press

Knights of Peter Claver

Langston Hughes Society

Lotus Press

The Messenger

Michigan State University Press

National Afro-American League

National Association for the Advancement of Colored Persons (NAACP)

National Association for the Preservation of Afro-American history and Culture

National Association of Black Journalists

National Coalition of 100 Black Women

National Council for Black Studies

National Urban League

Negro American Literature Forum

Negro: An Anthology

The Negro Caravan

Negro Digest

Negro Music Journal: A Monthly Devoted to the Educational Interest of the Negro in Music

Negro World

Contents note continued: New Pittsburgh Courier

New York Age

Niagara Movement

Nkombo

NOMMO

North Star

Obsidian: Black Literature in Review

Obsidian: Literature in the African Diaspora

100 Black Men of America, Inc

Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life

Oprah's Book Club

Organization of Black American Culture (OBAC)

Phillis Wheatley Women's Clubs and Homes

Phylon

Pittsburgh Courier

The Quill Club

A Record of the Darker Races

Redbone Press

Religious Publishers

The Rosenwald Fund

Sage: A Scholarly Journal on Black Women

Saturday Evening Quill

Society of Umbra

Sojourner Truth Citizens Committee

Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Culture, Politics and Society

Survey Graphic

Third World Press (TWP)

Tuskegee University

Umbra

The Voice of the Negro

The Woman's Era

Additional Organizations Dedicated to African American Concerns, Present and Past

Prominent Concepts and Movements

African-American Vernacular English (AAVE)

Black Aesthetic

Black Arts Movement

Black Lives Matter

Black Power

Folktales

Harlem Renaissance

Oral Storytelling

Prison Writings and Writers

Proverbs

Self-publishing

Slave Narratives

Spirituals

Trickster Tales

Primary Documents

Table of Contents

Appendixes

Appendix A Chronology of Writers by Birthdate

Appendix B Chronology of Firsts

Appendix C Timeline

Appendix D Writers by Genre

Appendix E Writers by Occupation

Appendix F Bibliography.

Notes:

First edition published as: African-American writers : a dictionary. Santa Barbara, Calif. : ABC-CLIO, 2000.

"Appendix A: Chronology of writers by birthdate ; Appendix B: Chronology of firsts ; Appendix D: Writers by genre ; Appendix E: Writers by occupation ; Appendix F: Bibliography."

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Other Format:

Online version: Encyclopedia of African-American writing.

ISBN:

9781637007082

1637007086

9781637007099

1637007094

1637001657

9781637001653

OCLC:

1296416824

Publisher Number:

99992724744