Artificial Intelligence-Based Cybersecurity for Connected and Automated Vehicles.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Guijarro, Jordi.

Contributor:

Mhiri, Saber.

Choi, You-Jun.

Series:

NowOpen Series

NowOpen

Language:

English

Physical Description:

1 electronic resource (158 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Norwell, MA : Now Publishers, 2022.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

The damaging effects of cyberattacks to an industry like the Cooperative Connected and Automated Mobility (CCAM) can be tremendous. From the least important to the worst ones, one can mention for example the damage in the reputation of vehicle manufacturers, the increased denial of customers to adopt CCAM, the loss of working hours (having direct impact on the European GDP), material damages, increased environmental pollution due e.g., to traffic jams or malicious modifications in sensors’ firmware, and ultimately, the great danger for human lives, either they are drivers, passengers or pedestrians. Connected vehicles will soon become a reality on our roads, bringing along new services and capabilities, but also technical challenges and security threats. To overcome these risks, the CARAMEL project has developed several anti-hacking solutions for the new generation of vehicles. CARAMEL (Artificial Intelligence-based Cybersecurity for Connected and Automated Vehicles), a research project co-funded by the European Union under the Horizon 2020 framework programme, is a project consortium with 15 organizations from 8 European countries together with 3 Korean partners. The project applies a proactive approach based on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning techniques to detect and prevent potential cybersecurity threats to autonomous and connected vehicles. This approach has been addressed based on four fundamental pillars, namely: Autonomous Mobility, Connected Mobility, Electromobility, and Remote Control Vehicle. This book presents theory and results from each of these technical directions.

Contents:

Cover

ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE-BASEDCYBERSECURITY FORCONNECTED ANDAUTOMATED VEHICLES

Copyright Page

Table of Contents

EC Final Review Evaluation

Overview

Acknowledgements

List of Acronyms

Introduction

Anti Hacking Device Concept/Vision

Backend Solutions

1: Autonomous Mobility

State of Art/Innovation

Threats Considered/Detected

Scenario Description

Caramel Engine Description (Solution Design)

Physical Adversarial Attacks

GPS Spoofing Cooperative

Noise Attack at the Sensor Level

Adversarial Attack at the Scene Understanding Level

PointRCNN Architecture for Point Cloud 3D Detection

Point cloud region pooling

Canonical 3D bounding box refinement

Fusion Scheme

Conclusions and Future Work

References

2: V2X Connected Mobility

Threats/Problems Considered/Detected

Solution Design: V2X Technologies and Interoperability

General Architecture

Cooperative Car: OBU and Antihacking Device

Hardware Security Module (HSM)

V2X Communication Protocol Architecture (V2X-Com)

ITS Applications

PKI Client

Tracking avoidance

Alarm notification

Radio interfaces (IEEE 802.11p and LTE-Uu)

Network capabilities: Automotive ethernet, CAN, Wifi 802.11

Hardware Secure Elements

Roadside Infrastructure

RSUs

OS

Management

Ethernet connection

Virtual bridge

IEEE 802.11p transceiver

V2X-Com is implemented in the MEC

LTE small cells

Multi-access edge computing (MEC)

vEPC

MQTT Broker

V2X Forwarding

MEC Revocation client

MEC PKI client

V2XCom: Software to implement the ETSI ITS G5 communication protocol stack

Encoder/Decoder Module

BTP-Geonet Module

Encapsulation of V2X Messages Over IP

Remote Infrastructure

Backend

PKI servers.

V2X Message Authentication and Privacy CCRL Distribution

Attacks on Authorization Tickets Tracking

Attack Mitigation with the Authorization Ticket Scheduler

AT Scheduler Modules

V2X Message Candidate Selector

V2X Message Tracking Scorer

AT Change Decision Engine

OBU Hardware Securization

Software NXP BSP

Technical Safety Specifications

STRIDE Model

Potential Threads

Countermeasures and Anti-tamper Techniques

Environmental sensors

Open box detection switch

Coating covering sensible circuits

Active wire-mesh protection

Wire-mesh GNSS protection

Mutual authentication

Data encryption

Secure boot

Trusted execution environment

Countermeasures and potential threats mitigation

Final Testbed and Demostration

Conclusion and Future Work

3: Electromobility

Anomaly Detection

Solution Design

Smart Charging Abuse

Integration and Deployment

Transactions Service

Start Transaction Event

Stop Transaction Event

MeterValue Event

Details on the Dockerization Process

Experimental Setup

Charge Stations at GFX Office Parking

Test Facility

4: Remote Control Vehicle

1. General Architecture of Remote Control Vehicle

2. RCV Functional Components

3. RCV Control Station Functional Components

4. RCV Threat Detection and Analytics Functional Architecture

5. RCV Threat Detection and Prediction Mechanisms (TS Choi)

6. RCV Threat Detection and Prediction Experiment and Verification

Conclusions

Index

Contributing Authors

About the Editors.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

1-63828-061-4

OCLC:

1356951407