Role of microorganisms in pathogenesis and management of autoimmune diseases. Volume II, Kidney, central nervous system, eye, blood, blood vessels and bowel / Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi [and three others], editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Dwivedi, Mitesh Kumar, editor.

Series:

Biomedical and Life Sciences Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Autoimmune diseases.

Autoimmune diseases--Treatment.

Microbial ecology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (538 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Singapore : Springer, [2022]

Summary:

This book, which is the second volume of Role of Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Autoimmune Diseases, provides comprehensive coverage on how microbial pathogens can subvert our immune system into responding against self and resulting in autoimmune diseases.

Contents:

Intro

Foreword

Preface

Contents

Editors and Contributors

Part I: Human Microbiome, Vaccines and Autoimmunity

1: Autoimmunity and Microbiome

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Microbiota and Immune System Interaction

1.3 Microbiota and Autoimmunity

1.4 Mechanisms of Autoimmunity Induced by Microbiota

1.4.1 Microbiome Translocation

1.4.2 Molecular Mimicry

1.4.3 Dysregulated Immune Response

1.4.3.1 Secretion of Immunosuppressive Cytokines

1.4.3.2 Cytolysis

1.4.3.3 Metabolic Disruption

1.4.3.4 Suppression of DC Maturation and Function

1.5 Conclusion

References

2: The Vaccines Induced Autoimmunity

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Vaccines

2.2.1 How Do Vaccines Work?

2.2.2 Types of Vaccines

2.2.2.1 Live Attenuated Vaccine

2.2.2.2 Inactivated Vaccine

2.2.2.3 Subunit and Conjugate Vaccines

2.2.2.4 Virus Like Particles

2.2.2.5 Viral Vector Vaccines

2.2.2.6 Nucleic Acid Vaccine

2.2.2.7 Toxoids

2.3 Autoimmune Diseases

2.3.1 Types of Autoimmune Disease

2.3.1.1 Systemic Autoimmune Disease

2.3.1.1.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

2.3.1.1.2 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2.3.1.1.3 Multiple Sclerosis

2.3.1.1.4 Ankylosing Spondylitis

2.3.1.1.5 Scleroderma

2.3.1.1.6 Sjogren´s Syndrome

2.3.1.2 Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases

2.3.1.2.1 Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)

2.3.1.2.2 Hashimoto´s Thyroiditis

2.3.1.2.3 Vitiligo

2.3.1.2.4 Graves´ Disease

2.3.1.2.5 Autoimmune Anemia

2.3.1.2.6 Goodpasture´s Syndrome

2.3.1.2.7 Myasthenia Gravis

2.4 Mechanism of Vaccine Triggered Autoimmunity

2.4.1 Adjuvants

2.4.2 Molecular Mimicry

2.4.3 mRNA-Based Vaccines: a Trigger to Autoimmunity

2.4.4 Other Mechanisms

2.5 Vaccines Reported for Development of Autoimmunity

2.5.1 Hepatitis B Vaccines

2.5.2 Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) Vaccines.

2.5.3 Influenza Vaccine

2.5.4 Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccine

2.5.5 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

2.5.6 Other Vaccines

2.6 Conclusions

3: COVID-19 and Autoimmunity

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

3.3 Virus Infection and Autoimmunity

3.3.1 SARS-CoV-2 Induced Autoimmunity

3.3.1.1 Molecular Mimicry

3.3.1.2 Bystander Activation

3.3.1.3 Cytokine Storm

3.3.1.4 Autoantibodies

3.3.1.5 Innate Immune Mechanisms

3.3.1.6 Genetic Susceptibility

3.4 Similarities Between COVID-19 Manifestations and Autoimmunity

3.5 Autoimmune Complications of COVID-19

3.5.1 Guillain-Barre Syndrome

3.5.2 Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

3.5.3 Kawasaki Disease

3.5.4 Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

3.5.5 Rheumatoid Arthritis

3.5.6 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

3.5.7 Type 1 Diabetes

3.5.8 Vitiligo

3.5.9 Alopecia areata

3.5.10 Cold Agglutinin Syndrome (CAS)

3.5.11 Antiphospholipid Syndrome

3.6 Autoimmune Disease: A Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19?

3.7 Conclusions

4: The Protective Discourse Between Infections and Autoimmunity

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Autoimmune Diseases

4.3 Proposed Mechanisms for Protective Effect of Infections on Autoimmune Diseases

4.3.1 Antigenic Competition

4.3.2 Innate Immune Mechanisms

4.3.3 Infections Induced Immunoregulation

4.4 Epidemiological Evidence for the Protective Role of Infections in Human Autoimmune Diseases

4.5 Animal Model Studies for Exploring the Protective Effects of Infections on Autoimmune Diseases

4.5.1 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

4.5.2 Rheumatoid Arthritis

4.5.3 Multiple Sclerosis

4.5.4 Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

4.6 Conclusions

References.

Part II: Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Autoimmune Kidney Diseases and Adrenal Insufficiency

5: Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of IgA Vasculitis and IgA Nephropathy

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Role of Microorganisms in the Pathogenesis of IgA Vasculitis

5.2.1 Bacteria

5.2.2 Viruses

5.2.2.1 SARS-CoV-2

5.3 Role of Gut Microbiota in IgA Vasculitis

5.4 Role of Microorganisms in IgA Nephropathy

5.5 Therapeutic Aspects of Gut Microbiota in IgA Nephropathy

5.5.1 Modulation of Gut Microbiota

5.5.2 Suppression of Excessive Mucosal Immune Responses

5.6 Conclusions

6: Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Immune-Mediated Glomerulopathies

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Glomerulopathies

6.2.1 Glomerulopathies Associated with Bacterial Infections

6.2.2 Glomerulopathies Associated with Viral Infections

6.2.2.1 COVID-19 and Immune-Mediated Glomerulopathies

6.3 Immune-Mediated Nephropathies

6.4 Glomerulonephritis Caused by Immune Complex Deposits

6.5 Glomerulopathies and Gut Microflora

6.6 Management of Glomerulopathies

6.7 Conclusions

7: Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Autoimmune Addison´s Disease (AAD)

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Role of Microorganisms in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Addison´s Disease

7.2.1 Bacteria

7.2.2 Viruses

7.2.2.1 SARS-CoV-2

7.3 Role of Gut Microbiota in Autoimmune Addison´s Disease

7.4 Role of Probiotics in Autoimmune Addison´s Disease

7.5 Conclusion

Part III: Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Central Nervous System (CNS) Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases

8: Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Microbiota

8.3 Multiple Sclerosis and Gut Microbiota.

8.4 Multiple Sclerosis, Microbiota, and the Immune System

8.4.1 Smad7 Protein

8.5 Viruses and Multiple Sclerosis

8.5.1 Epstein-Barr Virus

8.5.2 Human Herpesvirus 6

8.5.3 Human Endogenous Retroviruses

8.5.4 Measles, Rubella, and Varicella-Zoster Viruses

8.6 Probiotics and Multiple Sclerosis

8.7 Conclusion

9: Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Microorganisms in the Pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré Syndrome

9.2.1 Bacterial Infections

9.2.2 Viral Infections

9.2.2.1 Link Between SARS-CoV-2 and Guillain-Barré Syndrome

9.2.3 Protozoan Infections

9.3 Vaccine-Induced Guillain-Barré Syndrome

9.4 Role of Gut Microbiota in Guillain-Barré Syndrome

9.5 Management of Guillain-Barré Syndrome

9.5.1 Immunotherapy for Guillain-Barré Syndrome

9.5.1.1 Plasma Exchange

9.5.1.2 Intravenous Immunoglobulin

9.5.1.3 Monoclonal Antibody

9.5.2 Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Guillain-Barré Syndrome

9.6 Future Perspectives

9.7 Conclusions

10: Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Pathogenesis

10.3 Risk Factors

10.4 The Role of Microorganisms in the Pathogenesis of Neuromyelitis Optica

10.4.1 Bacteria

10.4.1.1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis

10.4.1.2 Gut Microbiome

10.4.1.3 Helicobacter pylori

10.4.2 Viruses

10.4.2.1 Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

10.4.2.2 SARS-CoV-2

10.4.2.3 Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)

10.4.2.4 Dengue Virus

10.4.2.5 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

10.4.2.6 Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV2)

10.4.2.7 Zika

10.5 Diagnostic of NMOSD

10.6 The Role of Infections in Causing an Attack in Patients with NMOSD

10.7 Infection of NMOSD Patients with Infectious Diseases and Its Complications.

10.8 Management of NMOSD Through Microorganisms

10.9 Conclusion

11: Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Mechanisms of Microorganism-Induced Autoimmunity

11.3 Evidence in Illnesses

11.3.1 Demyelinating Disease: Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)

11.3.2 Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

11.3.3 Definitions

11.3.4 Epidemiology

11.4 ADEM and Microbial Link

11.4.1 Viral Causes

11.4.2 SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronaviruses

11.4.3 Bacterial Causes

11.4.4 Parasitic Causes

11.4.5 Vaccination-Induced ADEM

11.4.6 Other Causes of ADEM

11.5 Pathogenesis of ADEM

11.6 ADEM and Gut Microbiota

11.7 Pathological Findings of ADEM

11.8 Clinical Features of ADEM

11.9 Diagnosis of ADEM

11.9.1 Neuroimaging

11.9.2 CSF Analysis

11.9.3 CNS Angiography

11.9.4 EEG

11.9.5 Serological Tests

11.9.6 Multiphasic Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (MDEM)

11.9.7 Differential Diagnosis

11.10 Treatment of ADEM

11.10.1 Probiotics as a Potential Therapeutic Option

11.10.2 Prognosis

11.10.3 Sequelae

11.10.4 Prevention

11.11 Conclusion

Part IV: Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs)

12: Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Ulcerative Colitis (UC)

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Role of Microorganism in the Pathophysiology of Ulcerative Colitis

12.3 Role of Microorganisms in the Management of Ulcerative Colitis

12.4 Conclusion

13: Microorganisms in the Pathogenesis and Management of Crohn´s Disease (CD)

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Crohn´s Disease

13.2.1 Microbe-Host Interactions in Crohn´s Disease

13.2.2 Intestinal Permeability.

13.3 Microorganisms in the Pathogenesis of Crohn´s Disease.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9789811948008

9811948003

OCLC:

1357017564