Oil in the Sea IV : Inputs, Fates, and Effects / National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, issuing body.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.), author.

Contributor:

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Division on Earth and Life Studies

Ocean Studies Board

Committee on Oil in the Sea IV

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.), issuing body.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Conservation of natural resources.

Environmental policy.

Oceanography.

Political science.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (517 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Washington, DC : National Academies Press, [2022]

Summary:

Oil and natural gas represent more than 50 percent of the worldwide energy supply, with high energy demand driven by population growth and improving standards of living. Despite significant progress in reducing the amount of oil in the sea from consumption, exploration, transportation, and production, risks remain. This report, the fourth in a series, documents the current state-of-knowledge on inputs, fates and effects of oil in the sea, reflecting almost 20 additional years of research, including long-term effects from spills such as the Exxon Valdez and a decade-long boom in oil spill science research following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.The report finds that land-based sources of oil are the biggest input of oil to the sea, far outweighing other sources, and it also notes that the effects of chronic inputs on the marine environment, such as land-based runoff, are very different than that from an acute input, such as a spill. Steps to prevent chronic land-based oil inputs include reducing gasoline vehicle usage, improving fuel efficiency, increasing usage of electric vehicles, replacing older vehicles. The report identifies research gaps and provides specific recommendations aimed at preventing future accidental spills and ensuring oil spill responders are equipped with the best response tools and information to limit oil's impact on the marine environment.

Contents:

FrontMatter

Preface

Reviewers

Acknowledgments

Contents

Summary

1 Introduction

2 Petroleum as a Complex Chemical Mixture

3 Input of Oil to the Sea

4 Accidental Spill Mitigation

5 Fates of Oil in the Sea

6 Effects of Oil in the Sea

7 Recommendations

References

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Glossary

Appendix A: North American Zone Descriptions

Appendix B: Energy Outlook Data Sources

Appendix C: Estimating Land-Based Sources of Oil in the Sea

Appendix D: Regional Values of Water-to-Oil Ratio for Calculating Inputs from Produced Water

Appendix E: Common Shoreline Response Options

Appendix F: Technical Aspects of Equations and Models for Droplet Breakup in Turbulent Flows

Appendix G: Classification of Intertidal, Subtidal, Ice, and On-Water Areas

Appendix H: ‘Omics Techniques

Appendix I: Table of Common Hydrocarbon Degraders

Appendix J: Committee Biographies Generated by AI.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Part of the metadata in this record was created by AI, based on the text of the resource.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Oil in the Sea IV

ISBN:

9780309274326

030927432X

9780309274302

0309274303

OCLC:

1422229191