Statistics and research methods for acute care and general surgeons / Marco Ceresoli, Fikri M. Abu-Zidan, Kristan L. Staudenmayer, Fausto Catena, Federico Coccolini, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Ceresoli, Marco.

Abu-Zidan, Fikri M.

Staudenmayer, Kristan L.

Catena, F. (Fausto)

Coccolini, Federico.

Series:

Hot topics in acute care surgery and trauma

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Surgery--Statistical methods.

Surgery.

Surgery--Research--Methodology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource.

Place of Publication:

Cham, Switzerland : Springer, 2022.

Summary:

The main aim of this book is to offer an easy tool to read a scientific article with greater awareness, to understand and evaluate it more thoroughly, and to better plan research. Today, in the era of evidence-based medicine, both research and daily patient-focused clinical practice are no longer possible without a thorough knowledge of the literature and its continuous updates. Written by surgeons for surgeons, this practical book makes the basic concept of statistics and research methodology easy to understand and apply for young surgeons and researchers, students and residents.

Contents:

Intro

Preface: Why a Statistics Manual in the Series of "Hot Topics in Acute Care Surgery"?

Contents

Part I: Designing Your Research

1: Study Typology: An Overview

1.1 Introduction

1.2 The Need for Evidence-Based Medicine

1.3 Research Studies

1.4 Primary and Secondary Research Studies

1.4.1 Primary Studies

1.4.1.1 Laboratorial Research

1.4.1.2 Clinical Studies

Clinical Observational Studies

Case Reports and Case Series

Clinical Experimental Studies

1.4.1.3 Epidemiological Research

Cross-Sectional Studies

Case-Control Studies

Cohort Studies

Ecological Studies

1.4.2 Secondary Studies

1.4.2.1 Narrative Reviews

1.4.2.2 Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis

References

2: Diagnostic Studies Made Easy

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Nature of a Diagnostic Study

2.3 The Need for a Gold Standard

2.4 Components of Diagnostic Studies

2.5 Predictive Values

2.6 Prior Probability of the Disease (Prevalence)

2.7 The Likelihood Ratio (LR)

2.8 Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Curves

2.8.1 Choosing a Cut-off Point: The Youden Index

2.9 Common Errors Encountered in Submitted Diagnostic Studies

Further Reading

3: Common Pitfalls in Research Design and Its Reporting

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Unclear Research Question

3.3 Lack of Planning (Failing to Plan Is Planning to Fail)

3.4 Using the Wrong Research Tool

3.5 Selecting the Wrong Population

3.6 Addressing the Missing Data

3.7 Correlation and Prediction

3.7.1 Statistical and Clinical Significance

3.8 Reporting of the Data

Part II: Basic Statistical Analysis

4: Introduction to Statistical Method

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The Hypothesis

4.3 The Aim

4.4 The Errors

4.4.1 Type I Error

4.4.2 Type I Error Rate

4.4.3 Type II Error

4.4.4 Statistical Power

4.4.5 Type II Error Rate

4.4.6 Trade-Off between Type I and Type II Errors

4.4.7 Is a Type I or Type II Error Worse?

4.5 Sample Size Calculation

4.6 The P Value

4.6.1 Results and Interpretation

4.7 Bias

4.7.1 Selection Bias

4.7.2 Classification Bias

4.7.3 Confounding Bias

4.7.4 Other Types of Bias

5: Analyzing Continuous Variables: Descriptive Statistics, Dispersion and Comparison

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Qualitative Variables

5.3 Quantitative Variables

5.3.1 Discrete Variables

5.3.2 Continuous Variables

5.4 Describing Data

5.4.1 Data Distribution

5.4.2 Test for Normality Assessment

5.4.3 Descriptive Measures

5.4.4 Dispersion Measure

5.4.5 Graphical Representations

5.5 Data Comparison: It Is All About Probability

5.5.1 Paired Data vs. Independent Data

5.5.2 Parametric vs. Non-Parametric Statistics

5.5.3 Commonest Tests

5.6 Linear Correlation

5.6.1 Pearson Correlation

5.6.2 Pearson Coefficient Interpretation

Notes:

Online resource; title from PDF title page (SpringerLink, viewed January 5, 2023).

ISBN:

9783031138188

303113818X

OCLC:

1354992856

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.