Vegetation and climate / Siegmar-W. Breckle, M. Daud Rafiqpoor.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Breckle, Siegmar-W., author.

Rafiqpoor, M. Daud, author.

Series:

Earth and Environmental Science Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Ecology.

Vegetation and climate.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (572 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Berlin, Germany : Springer, [2022]

Summary:

Vegetation, soil and climate are the most important components of ecological systems.The book represents a compact synthesis of our current knowledge about the ecology of the Earth and is thus the basis for understanding the major interrelationships in a global perspective.

Contents:

Intro

Accompanying Word

Preface

Amendment to the English Edition

Contents

Physical Units and Conversion Factors

Basic Units

Other Units

Further Conversions

Transformation Energy for Changes in the State of Water

Internationally Defined Prefixes for Units and the Associated Factors (English Designations)

Abbreviations and Symbols

Part I: General Part

1: Preliminary Remarks

1.1 Scientific Ecology

1.2 Importance of Systematics and Taxonomy for Biology

1.3 Importance of Scientific Documentation (e.g. in Museums)

1.4 Importance of Excursions for Young Scientists

References

2: Part A: Ecological Basics (Autecology)

2.1 Ecological Factors

2.1.1 Radiation, Light

Radiation and Plant

Absorption of Radiation Through the Leaves

2.1.2 Temperature, Frost, Heat

2.1.3 Water

Global Water Supply

Water Balance Types and Drought Resistance

Soil Water

Water State of the Cell

Xerophytes

2.1.4 Chemical Factors and the Soil

Nutrients and Trace Elements, Mineral Supply

Salt: Halophytes and Salt Soils, Halobiomes

2.1.5 Mechanical Factors

Wind, Trampling

Fire

2.2 The Climate

2.2.1 General Questions

2.2.2 The Radiation Budget and Astronomical Basics

2.2.3 The Heat Balance

2.2.4 The Water Balance

2.2.5 The Earth´s Eco-Climates (Climate Classification)

2.2.6 Climate Representation: Thermo-Isopleth Diagrams, Ecological Climate Diagrams

3: Part B: Ecological Basis (Synecology)

3.1 Environment and Competition

3.2 Pollination and Fertilization (Flowers, Seeds, Fruits)

3.3 Dispersal and Distribution

3.4 Ecotypes and Biotope Change

3.5 The Historical Dimension

3.6 Coevolution and Symbioses

3.7 Population Ecology

3.8 Biodiversity.

3.8.1 The Uneven Global Distribution of Biodiversity

3.8.2 On the Value of Threatened Diversity

3.9 Zonal, Azonal and Extrazonal Vegetation

4: Part C: Ecological Systems and Ecosystem Biology

4.1 Geo-Biosphere and Hydro-Biosphere

4.2 The Hydro-Biosphere

4.3 Division of the Geo-Biosphere into Zonobiomes

4.4 Zonoecotone

4.5 Ecological Systems

4.6 Orobiomes and Pedobiomes

4.7 Biome

4.8 Small Units of the Ecological System: Biogeocenes and Synusia

4.9 Ecosystem Biology and the Nature of Ecosystems

4.10 Highly Productive Ecosystems

4.11 Peculiarities of the Material Cycles of Different Ecosystems

4.12 The Importance of Fire for Ecosystems

4.13 The Individual Zonobiomes and Their Distribution

Part II: Special Part

5: Part D: ZB I-Zonobiome of the Evergreen Tropical Rainforest or of the Equatorial Humid Diurnal Climate

5.1 Typical Features of the Climate in ZB I

5.2 Soils and Pedobiomes

5.3 Vegetation

5.3.1 Structure of the Tree Layer, Flowering Periodicity

5.3.2 Mosaic Structure of the Habitats

5.3.3 Herb Layer

5.3.4 Lianas

5.3.5 Epiphytes, Hemi-Epiphytes and Strangler

5.3.6 Epiphyllic Plants

5.3.7 Biodiversity

5.4 Different Types of Vegetation in Zonobiome I Around the Equator

5.5 Orobiome I: Tropical Mountains with Diurnal Climate

5.5.1 Forest Belt

5.5.2 Forest Line

5.5.3 Andine (Alpine) Belt

5.6 The Biogeocoenes of the Zonobiome I as Ecosystems

5.7 Fauna and Food Chains in the Zonobiome I

5.8 Man in the Zonobiome I

5.9 Zonoecotone I/II: Semi-Evergreen Forest-Thorn Savannah

6: Part E: ZB II: Zonobiome of Savannahs, Deciduous Forests and Grasslands of the Tropical Summer Rainfall Area

6.1 General

6.2 Climate, Soils and Zonal Vegetation

6.3 Savannahs (Trees and Grasses)

6.4 Park Landscapes.

6.5 Examples of Large Savannah Areas

6.5.1 Llanos on the Orinoco

6.5.2 Campos Cerrados

6.5.3 The Chaco Area

6.5.4 Savannahs and Park Landscapes of East Africa

6.5.5 Monsoon Forests in India

6.5.6 Vegetation of the Australian ZB II

6.6 Ecosystem Research: Examples

6.6.1 The Lamto Savannah

6.6.2 The Animal World

6.7 Tropical Hydrobiomes in ZB I and ZB II

6.8 Mangroves as Halo-Helobiomes in ZB I and ZB II

6.9 Shore Formations: Psammobiome

6.10 Orobiome II: Tropical Mountains with an Annual Temperature Cycle

6.11 Man in the Savannah

6.12 Zonoecotone II/III

6.12.1 Sahel

6.12.2 Thar or Sind Desert

6.12.3 The Caatinga

6.12.4 Tropical East Africa

6.12.5 SW Madagascar

7: Part F: ZB III: Zonobiome of Hot Deserts or Subtropical Arid Climate

7.1 Climatic Subzonobiomes

7.2 Soils and their Water Balance

7.3 Substrate Dependent Desert Types

7.3.1 The Stone Desert (Hamada)

7.3.2 The Gravel Desert (Serir or Reg)

7.3.3 Sand Desert (Erg or Areg)

7.3.4 The Dry Valleys (Wadis or Oueds)

7.3.5 Pans (Sabkhas, Dayas or Schotts) and Takyr

7.3.6 Oases

7.4 Water Supply for Desert Plants

7.5 Ecological Types of Desert Plants

7.6 Productivity of Desert Vegetation

7.7 Desert Vegetation in the Different Floral Kingdoms

7.7.1 Sahara

7.7.2 Negev and the Sinai

7.7.3 Arabian Peninsula

7.7.4 Sonora

7.7.5 Australian Deserts

7.7.6 Namib and Karoo

7.7.7 Atacama

7.8 Orobiome III: The Desert Mountains of the Subtropics

7.9 Man in the Desert

7.10 The Zonoecotone III/IV: The Semi-Deserts

8: Part G: ZB IV-Zonobiome of Sclerophyllic Woodlands Mediterranean Winter Rain Areas

8.1 General, Climate, Soils

8.2 Origin of Zonobiome IV and Their Relations to Zonobiome V

8.3 The Mediterranean Area.

8.4 Importance of Sclerophylly in Competition

8.5 Arid Mediterranean Subzonobiome, N Africa, Anatolia, Iran

8.6 California and Neighbouring Regions

8.7 Central Chilean Winter Rain Region with the Zonoecotones

8.8 The Cape Province in South Africa

8.9 SW and S Australia

8.10 Mediterranean Orobiome

8.11 Climate and Vegetation of the Canary Islands

8.12 Afghanistan at the Eastern Edge of the Winter Rain Zone

8.12.1 Irano-Turanian Floral Elements

8.12.2 Sino-Japanese Floral Elements

8.12.3 Saharo-Sindian and Other Floral Elements in Afghanistan

8.12.4 Floristic Elements of the Afghan High Mountains

8.13 Man in the Mediterranean

9: Part H: ZB V-Zonobiome of the Laurel Forests or of the Warm Temperate Humid Climate

9.1 General, Climate, Soils

9.2 Tertiary Forests, Lauriphylly and Sclerophylly

9.3 Subzonobiome on the Western Sides of the Continents

9.3.1 North America, Forests with Giant Conifers

9.3.2 Valdivian Rainforest in Southern Chile

9.3.3 Western Australia

9.3.4 Western Europe

9.3.5 The Colchis and Hyrcania

9.4 Humid Subzonobiome on the Eastern Sides of the Continents

9.4.1 East Asia, China, Japan

9.4.2 Southeastern North America

9.4.3 Araucaria Forests of Southeast Brazil

9.4.4 South Africa

9.4.5 Biomes of Eucalyptus-Nothofagus forests in South-eastern Australia and Tasmania

9.4.6 Warm Temperate Biomes of New Zealand

10: Part I: ZB VI-Zonobiome of Winter Bare Deciduous Forests or Temperate Nemoral Climate

10.1 Leaf Shedding as an Adaptation to the Winter Cold

10.2 Importance of Winter Cold for Species of the Nemoral Zone

10.3 Distribution of the Zonobiome VI

10.4 Atlantic Heaths

10.5 The Deciduous Forest as an Ecosystem

10.5.1 General

10.5.2 The Beech Forest in the Solling as an Ecosystem.

10.5.3 Ecophysiology of the Tree Layer

10.5.4 Ecophysiology of the Herb Layer (Synusiae)

10.5.5 Water Balance

10.5.6 The Long Cycle (Consumers)

10.5.7 Decomposers in Litter and Soil

10.5.8 Solling Ecosystem

10.6 Orobiome VI: The Northern Alps and the Alpine Forest and Tree Line

10.6.1 The Elevational Belts

10.6.2 The Forest Belts

10.6.3 Alpine and Nival Belts

10.7 Zonoecotone VI/VII: Forest-Steppe

11: Part J: ZB VII-Zonobiome of Steppes and Cold Deserts or of Arid Temperate Climate

11.1 Climate

11.2 Soils of the Steppe Zone of Eastern Europe

11.3 Meadow Steppes on Mighty Chernozem and the Feather Grass Steppes

11.4 North American Prairie

11.5 Ecophysiology of Steppe and Prairie Species

11.6 Asian Steppes

11.7 Wildlife of the Steppes

11.8 Steppes of the Southern Hemisphere

11.9 Sub-Zonobiome of the Semi-Deserts

11.9.1 Distribution

11.9.2 Vegetation in Afghanistan

Calligonum-Stipagrostis Communities of Sandy Deserts (Fig. 8.57: 1a)

Haloxylon Salicornicum Communities in Gravel Deserts (Fig. 8.57: 1b)

Other Shrubby and Semi-Shrubby Chenopodiaceous Deserts and Semi-Deserts (Fig. 8.57: 1c)

Ephemeral Semi-Desert on Loess Soils (Fig. 8.57: 1d)

Shrubby Amygdalus Semi-Desert (Fig. 8.57: 1e)

11.10 Subzonobiome of the Central Asian Deserts

11.11 The Karakum Sand Desert

11.12 The Aralkum Desert

11.13 Orobiome VII (rIII) in Middle Asia

11.13.1 Tien Shan

11.13.2 The High Mountains of Afghanistan

Alpine Semi-Deserts, Steppes and Meadows (Fig. 8.59: 7b)

Nival Belt (Fig. 8.59:8)

Ecophysiological Data from Afghan Mountains

11.14 Subzonobiome of the Central Asian Deserts

11.15 Subzonobiome of the Cold High Plateau Deserts of Tibet and Pamir (sZB VII, tIX)

11.16 Man in the Steppe and Cold Desert.

11.17 Zonoecotone VI/VIII: Boreo-Nemoral Zone.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Other Format:

Print version: Breckle, Siegmar-W Vegetation and Climate

ISBN:

3-662-64036-8

OCLC:

1350554650