Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

Contributor:

Division, Health and Medicine.

Studies, Division on Earth and Life.

Policy, Board on Health Sciences.

Toxicology, Board on Environmental Studies and.

Board, Ocean Studies.

Usage, Committee on Environmental Impact of Currently Marketed Sunscreens and Potential Human Impacts of Changes in Sunscreen.

Series:

A Consensus Study Report

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Sunscreens (Cosmetics).

Water--Pollution.

Water.

Pollution prevention.

Aquatic habitats.

Human beings--Effect of ultraviolet radiation on.

Human beings.

Sunburn.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (409 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academies Press, 2023.

Summary:

"Regular use of sunscreens has been shown to reduce the risk of sunburn and skin cancer, and slow photoaging of skin. Sunscreens can rinse off into water where people are swimming or wading, and can also enter bodies of water through wastewater such as from bathing or showering. As a result, the ultraviolet (UV) filters - the active ingredients in sunscreens that reduce the amount of UV radiation on skin - have been detected in the water, sediment, and animal tissues in aquatic environments. Because the impact of these filters on aquatic ecosystems is not fully understood, assessment is needed to better understand their environmental impacts. This report calls on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to conduct an ecological risk assessment of UV filters to characterize the possible risks to aquatic ecosystems and the species that live in them. EPA should focus on environments more likely to be exposed such as those with heavy recreational use, or where wastewater and urban runoff enter the water. The risk assessment should cover a broad range of species and biological effects and could consider potential interacting effects among UV filters and with other environmental stresses such as climate change. In addition, the report describes the role of sunscreens in preventing skin cancer and what is known about how human health could be affected by potential changes in usage. While the need for a risk assessment is urgent, research is needed to advance understanding of both risks to the environment from UV filters and impacts to human health from changing sunscreen availability and usage"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Front Matter

Summary

1. Introduction

2. Introduction to Sunscreens and Their UV Filters

3. Problem Formulation : Sources, Settings, and Ecological Receptors

4. Fate, Transport, and Potential Exposure in the Environment

5. Bioaccumulation and Measured Concentrations of UV Filters in Biota

6. Review of Studies on the Effects of UV Filters in Aquatic Environments

7. Sunscreen, Preventive Health Behaviors, and Implications of Changes in Sunscreen Use for Public Health

8. Conclusions and Recommendations

Appendix A: Committee Member Biographies

Appendix B: UV Filter Usage

Appendix C: UV Filter Water and Sediment Occurrence Data

Appendix D: Supplementary Information for Bioaccumulation

Appendix E: Filter Toxicity Data Tables

Appendix F: Studies on Behavioral and Physiological Endpoints on Select Organic UV Filters

Appendix G: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Units

References.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Other Format:

Print version: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health

ISBN:

9780309272872

0309272874

9780309272841

030927284X

OCLC:

1351747973