Aerodynamics

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Liu, Peiqing

Language:

English

Physical Description:

1 online resource

Place of Publication:

[S.l.] : SPRINGER VERLAG, SINGAPOR, 2022.

Singapore Springer 2023

Contents:

Intro

Foreword

Preface

About This Book

Contents

Part I Fundamentals of Aerodynamics

1 Introduction

1.1 Aerodynamics Research Tasks

1.2 History of Aerodynamics

1.2.1 Qualitative Knowledge and Practice

1.2.2 Low Speed Flow Theory

1.2.3 High-Speed Flow Theory

1.3 The Leading Role of Aerodynamics in the Development of Modern Aircraft

1.4 Aerodynamics Research Methods and Classification

1.5 Dimension and Unit

Exercises

2 Basic Properties of Fluids and Hydrostatics

2.1 Basic Properties of Fluids

2.1.1 Continuum Hypothesis

2.1.2 Fluidity of Fluid

2.1.3 Compressibility and Elasticity of Fluid

2.1.4 Viscosity of Fluid (Momentum Transport of Fluid)

2.1.5 The Thermal Conductivity of the Fluid (The Heat Transport of the Fluid)

2.1.6 Diffusivity of Fluid (Mass Transport of Fluid)

2.2 Classification of Forces Acting on a Differential Fluid Element

2.3 Isotropic Characteristics of Pressure at Any Point in Static Fluid

2.4 Euler Equilibrium Differential Equations

2.5 Pressure Distribution Law in Static Liquid in Gravitational Field

2.6 Equilibrium Law of Relative Static Liquid

2.7 Standard Atmosphere

3 Foundation of Fluid Kinematics and Dynamics

3.1 Methods for Describing Fluid Motion

3.1.1 Lagrange Method (Particle Method or Particle System Method)

3.1.2 Euler Method (Space Point Method or Flow Field Method)

3.2 Basic Concepts of Flow Field

3.2.1 Steady and Unsteady Fields

3.2.2 Streamline and Path Line

3.2.3 One-Dimensional, Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Flows

3.3 Motion Decomposition of a Differential Fluid Element

3.3.1 Basic Motion Forms of a Differential Fluid Element

3.3.2 Velocity Decomposition Theorem of Fluid Elements

3.4 Divergence and Curl of Velocity Field

3.4.1 Divergence of Velocity Field and Its Physical Significance

3.4.2 Curl and Velocity Potential Function of Velocity Field

3.5 Continuous Differential Equation

3.5.1 Continuity Differential Equation Based on Lagrange View

3.5.2 Continuity Differential Equation Based on Euler's Viewpoint

3.6 Differential Equations of Ideal Fluid Motion (Euler Equations)

3.7 Bernoulli's Equation and Its Physical Significance

3.7.1 Bernoulli Equation

3.7.2 Application of Bernoulli Equation

3.8 Integral Equation of Fluid Motion

3.8.1 Basic Concepts of Control Volume and System

3.8.2 Lagrangian Integral Equations

3.8.3 Reynolds Transport Equation

3.8.4 Eulerian Integral Equations

3.8.5 Reynolds Transport Equation of the Control Volume with Arbitrary Movement Relative to the Fixed Coordinate System

3.9 Vortex Motion and Its Characteristics

3.9.1 Vortex Motion

3.9.2 Vorticity, Vorticity Flux and Circulation

4 Plane Potential Flow of Ideal Incompressible Fluid

4.1 Basic Equations of Plane Potential Flow of Ideal Incompressible Fluid

4.1.1 Basic Equations of Irrotational Motion of an Ideal Incompressible Fluid

4.1.2 Properties of Velocity Potential Function

4.1.3 Stream Functions and Their Properties

4.1.4 Formulation of the Mathematical Problem of Steady Plane Potential Flow of Ideal Incompressible Fluid

4.2 Typical Singularity Potential Flow Solutions

4.2.1 Uniform Flow

4.2.2 Point Source (Sink)

4.2.3 Dipole

4.2.4 Point Vortex

4.3 Singularity Superposition Solution of Flow Around Some Simple Objects

4.3.1 Flow Around a Blunt Semi-infinite Body

4.3.2 Flow Around Rankine Pebbles

4.3.3 Flow Around a Circular Cylinder Without Circulation

4.3.4 Flow Around a Cylinder with Circulation

4.4 Numerical Method for Steady Flow Around Two-Dimensional Symmetrical Objects

6.1 Boundary Layer Approximation and Its Characteristics

6.1.1 The Influence of the Viscosity of the Flow Around a Large Reynolds Number Object

6.1.2 The Concept of Boundary Layer

6.1.3 Various Thicknesses and Characteristics of the Boundary Layer

6.2 Laminar Boundary Layer Equations of Incompressible Fluids

6.2.1 Boundary Layer Equation on the Wall of a Flat Plate

6.2.2 Boundary Layer Equation on Curved Wall

6.3 Similar Solutions to the Laminar Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate

6.4 Boundary Layer Momentum Integral Equation

6.4.1 Derivation of Karman Momentum Integral Equation

6.4.2 Derivation of Boundary Layer Momentum Integral Equation from Differential Equation

6.5 The Solution of the Momentum Integral Equation of Laminar Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate

6.6 Solution of the Momentum Integral Equation of the Turbulent Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate

6.7 Boundary Layer Separation

6.7.1 Boundary Layer Separation Phenomenon of Flow Around Cylinder

6.7.2 Airfoil Separation Phenomenon

6.7.3 Velocity Distribution Characteristics of the Boundary Layer in Different Pressure Gradient Areas

6.8 Separated Flow and Characteristics of Two-Dimensional Steady Viscous Fluid

6.8.1 Separation Mode-Prandtl Image

6.8.2 Necessary Conditions for Flow Separation

6.8.3 Sufficient Conditions for Flow Separation

6.8.4 Flow Characteristics Near the Separation Point

6.8.5 Singularity of Boundary Layer Equation (Goldstein Singularity)

6.8.6 Critical Point Analysis of Two-Dimensional Steady Separated Flow

6.9 Introduction to the Steady Three-Dimensional Separated Flow Over any Object

6.9.1 Overview

6.9.2 Limit Streamlines and Singularities

6.9.3 The Concept of Three-Dimensional Separation

6.9.4 Topological Law of Three-Dimensional Separation

6.10 Resistance Over Objects

6.10.1 The Resistance Over Any Object

6.10.2 Two-Dimensional Flow Resistance Around a Cylinder

6.11 Aircraft Drag and Drag Reduction Technology

6.11.1 Composition of Aircraft Drag

6.11.2 Technology to Reduce Laminar Flow Resistance

6.11.3 Technology to Reduce Turbulence Resistance

6.11.4 Technology to Reduce Induced Resistance

6.11.5 Technology to Reduce Shock Wave Resistance

7 Fundamentals of Compressible Aerodynamics

7.1 Thermodynamic System and the First Law

7.1.1 Equation of State and Perfect Gas Hypothesis

7.1.2 Internal Energy and Enthalpy

7.1.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics

7.2 Thermodynamic Process

7.2.1 Reversible and Irreversible Processes

7.2.2 Isovolumetric Process

7.2.3 Constant Pressure Process

7.2.4 Isothermal Process

7.2.5 Adiabatic Process

7.3 The Second Law of Thermodynamic and Entropy

7.4 Energy Equation of Viscous Gas Motion

7.4.1 Physical Meaning of Energy Equation

7.4.2 Derivation Process of Energy Equation

7.5 Speed of Sound and Mach Number

7.5.1 Propagation Velocity of Disturbance Wave in Elastic Medium

7.5.2 Micro-Disturbance Propagation Velocity-Speed of Sound

7.5.3 Mach Number

7.5.4 Assumption of Incompressible Flow

7.6 One-Dimensional Compressible Steady Flow Theory

7.6.1 Energy Equation of One-Dimensional Compressible Steady Adiabatic Flow

7.6.2 Basic Relations Between Parameters of One-Dimensional Compressible Adiabatic Steady Flow

7.6.3 Relationship Between Velocity and Cross Section of One-Dimensional Steady Isentropic Pipe Flow

7.7 Small Disturbance Propagation Region, Mach Cone, Mach Wave

7.8 Expansion Wave and Supersonic Flow Around the Wall at an Outer Angle

7.8.1 Mach Wave (Expansion Wave)

7.8.2 The Relationship Between the Physical Parameters of the Mach Wave

Exercises

5 Fundamentals of Viscous Fluid Dynamics

5.1 The Viscosity of Fluid and Its Influence on Flow

5.1.1 Viscosity of Fluid

5.1.2 Characteristics of Viscous Fluid Movement

5.2 Deformation Matrix of a Differential Fluid Element

5.3 Stress State of Viscous Fluid

5.4 Generalized Newton's Internal Friction Theorem (Constitutive Relationship)

5.5 Differential Equations of Viscous Fluid Motion-Navier-Stokes Equations

5.5.1 The Basic Differential Equations of Fluid Motion

5.5.2 Navier-Stokes Equations (Differential Equations of Viscous Fluid Motion)

5.5.3 Bernoulli Integral

5.6 Exact Solutions of Navier-Stokes Equations

5.6.1 Couette Flow (Shear Flow)

5.6.2 Poiseuille Flow (Pressure Gradient Flow)

5.6.3 Couette Flow and Poiseuille Flow Combination

5.6.4 Vortex Column and Its Induced Flow Field

5.6.5 Parallel Flow Along an Infinitely Long Slope Under Gravity

5.7 Basic Properties of Viscous Fluid Motion

5.7.1 Vorticity Transport Equation of Viscous Fluid Motion

5.7.2 Rotation of Viscous Fluid Motion

5.7.3 Diffusion of Viscous Fluid Vortex

5.7.4 Dissipation of Viscous Fluid Energy

5.8 Laminar Flow, Turbulent Flow and Its Energy Loss

5.8.1 Force of Viscous Fluid Clusters and Its Influence on Flow

5.8.2 Reynolds Transition Test

5.8.3 The Criterion of Flow Pattern-Critical Reynolds Number

5.8.4 Resistance Loss Classification

5.8.5 Definition of Turbulence

5.8.6 Basic Characteristics of Turbulence

5.8.7 The Concept of Reynolds Time Mean

5.8.8 Reynolds Time-Averaged Motion Equations

5.9 Turbulent Eddy Viscosity and Prandtl Mixing Length Theory

5.10 Similarity Principle and Dimensionless Differential Equations

5.10.1 Principles of Dimensional Analysis-π Theorem

5.10.2 Dimensionless N-S Equations

6 Boundary Layer Theory and Its Approximation

Notes:

7.8.3 Flow Around the Outer Corner of the Supersonic Wall (Prandtl-Meyer Flow)

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Other Format:

Print version Liu, Peiqing Aerodynamics

ISBN:

9789811945861

9811945861

OCLC:

1355227666

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