Cortical spreading depression of leao : from mitochondrial function to brain metabolic score (BMS) / Avraham Mayevsky and Judith Sonn.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Mayevsky, Avraham, author.

Sonn, Judith, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Mitochondrial pathology.

Brain--Metabolism--Disorders.

Brain.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (429 pages)

Place of Publication:

Cham, Switzerland : Springer, [2022]

Summary:

This book focuses on energy metabolism and brain functions related to Cortical Spreading Depression of Leao (CSD), an important issue in brain pathophysiology. The first part of the book offers a comprehensive overview of the history and early research on CSD, and then discusses the recent advances in the technology used to map and monitor brain mitochondrial NADH redox state and other physiological functions during CSD. The chapters explore the connection between CSD and mitochondrial function under hypoxia, Ischemia and various drugs treatment, and provide a resource to scientists researching the development of CSD during various brain pathophysiological conditions. This book is essential to scientists and students working in the field of bioenergetics of the brain and various organs and tissues in the body. The use of this technology is also crucial and applicable in the neuroscience field.

Contents:

Intro

Preface 1

Preface 2

Aim of the Book

Acknowledgments

I

II

Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction and Historical Background

1.1 Leão' Cortical Spreading Depression (CSD)

1.1.1 Aristides Leão: Life History

1.1.2 The Discovery of the "Spreading Depression"

1.1.3 Back to Brazil

1.1.4 Conclusion

1.1.5 Aristides Leão: The Four Seminal Publications (1944-1947)

1.2 Oxygen Homeostasis in the Brain

1.2.1 The Discovery of Oxygen

1.2.2 The Discovery of the Mitochondrial Function

1.3 Monitoring of Brain Mitochondrial Function in Vivo

1.4 Brain Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function During CSD

References

Chapter 2: Basic Principles and Technology of NADH and Multiparametric Monitoring Used in Studying Cortical Spreading Depression (CSD)

2.1 Introduction

2.2 From NADH Monitoring to Multiparametric Monitoring Systems

2.2.1 Fiber-Optic-Based Fluorometer/Reflectometer

2.2.2 Simultaneous Monitoring of NADH by DC Fluorometer Reflectometer Together with Monitoring of Systemic Blood Pressure and Electrocortical Activity (ECoG)

2.2.3 Simultaneous Monitoring of NADH Together with Extracellular K+, DC Steady Potential, and ECoG

2.2.4 Monitoring of Brain NADH Together with Tissue pO2 and ECoG

2.2.5 Multiparametric Assembly for Recording of NADH, Extracellular K+, H+, DC Steady Potential, and ECoG

2.2.5.1 Electrode Assembly

2.2.5.2 Correction for Local DC Biopotential

2.2.5.3 NADH Fluorescence Measurement

2.2.6 Monitoring of NADH, pO2, Extracellular K+, DC, and ECoG, Outside and Inside Hyperbaric Chamber

2.2.7 Simultaneous Real-Time Monitoring of Brain NADH, HbO2, ECoG, DC Potential, and Extracellular K+ and Ca2+

2.2.8 Simultaneous Real-Time Monitoring of Brain NADH, CBF, ECoG, DC Potential, and Extracellular K+ and Ca2+.

2.2.9 Simultaneous Monitoring of Brain NADH, CBF, ECoG, DC Potential, and Extracellular K+, Ca+2, H+

2.2.10 Multiparametric Monitoring of Neurosurgical Patients

2.2.11 Monitoring of the Mechanism of CSD Propagation

2.2.12 Multisite Monitoring of NADH and DC Potential in Rats Under Various Conditions

2.2.13 Multisite Multiparametric Monitoring of NADH, CBF, and DC Potential in Rats Under Experimental Conditions

Chapter 3: Single Point and Multisite Monitoring of Brain NADH Fluorescence Under CSD

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Single Point Monitoring of NADH

3.3 Two Points Monitoring of NADH

3.4 Four Points Monitoring of NADH

Chapter 4: Sequence of Physiological Responses Recorded During Induced CSD Event

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Effects of CSD on Cerebral Blood Flow and Brain Oxygen Consumption

4.2.1 Introduction

4.2.2 Methods

4.2.3 Results

4.2.4 Discussion

4.3 Sequence of Events Recorded During the CSD Cycle

4.3.1 The Use of the MPA System

4.3.2 CSD Initiation and Contralateral Responses

4.3.3 Discussion

Chapter 5: Spontaneous Development of CSD Related to Brain Pathophysiological Conditions

5.1 Introduction

5.2 During Anoxia, Hypoxia, and Ischemia

5.3 During Exposure to Hyperbaric Hyperoxia (HBO)

5.3.1 First Study-HBO Effects on Mitochondrial Function

5.3.1.1 Introduction

5.3.1.2 Methodology

5.3.1.3 Results

5.3.1.4 Discussion

5.3.2 Second Study-Protection Against Oxygen Toxicity by Trimethadione

5.3.3 Third Study-Effects of CO2 Under HBO

5.3.4 More Factors Affecting HBO Toxicity

5.3.5 Fifth Study-Multiparametric Monitoring of CSD Under HBO

5.3.5.1 Introduction

5.3.5.2 Methods

5.3.5.3 Results

5.3.5.4 Discussion

5.4 During Drug-Induced Seizure Activity

5.5 Development of CSD During and After Head Injury.

5.5.1 First Study-Development of the TBI Model

5.5.1.1 Introduction

5.5.1.2 Technological Aspects

5.5.1.3 Results

5.5.1.4 Discussion

5.5.2 Second Study-Level of ICP and CSD After TBI

5.5.2.1 Introduction

5.5.2.2 Methods

5.5.2.3 Results

5.5.2.4 Discussion

Untitled

Chapter 6: The Effects of Brain Metabolic and Other Perturbations on the Responses to Induced CSD

6.1 Effects of Oxygen Availability

6.1.1 Introduction

6.1.2 Effects of Hypoxia and Hyperoxia on the Responses to CSD

6.1.3 Responses to CSD Under Ischemia

6.1.4 Responses to CSD Under Partial Ischemia-Statistical Analysis

6.2 Effect of Anesthesia on the Responses to CSD

6.3 Effects of Hypothermia on the Responses to CSD

6.3.1 Introduction

6.3.2 Our Studies

6.4 Responses to CSD in the Aging Rat

Chapter 7: Effects of Pharmacological Agents on CSD

7.1 Effects of Carbon Monoxide

7.1.1 First Study

7.1.1.1 Introduction

7.1.1.2 Methods

7.1.1.3 Results and Discussion

7.1.2 Second Study

7.1.2.1 Introduction

7.1.2.2 Methods

7.1.2.2.1 Data Collection and Analysis

7.1.2.3 Results

7.1.2.4 Discussion

7.1.3 Third Study

7.1.3.1 Introduction

7.1.3.2 Methods

7.1.3.3 Results

7.1.3.4 Discussion

7.1.4 Fourth Study

7.1.4.1 Introduction

7.1.4.2 Methods

7.1.4.3 Results

7.1.4.4 Discussion

7.2 Nitric Oxide

7.2.1 First Study

7.2.1.1 Introduction

7.2.1.2 Methods

7.2.1.3 Results

7.2.1.4 Discussion

7.2.2 Second Study: The Effect of CSD Under Nitric Oxide (NO) Synthase Inhibition

7.2.2.1 Introduction

7.2.2.2 Methods

7.2.2.3 Results

7.2.2.3.1 The Variation of the Measured Parameters in the Control Study

7.2.2.3.2 Results: The Effect of L-NAME Injection on the Measured Parameters.

7.2.2.3.3 Results: The Effect of CSD Waves on the Measured Parameters

7.2.2.3.4 Results: CSD Amplitudes

7.2.2.3.5 Results: CSD Wave Duration

7.2.2.3.6 Results: Recovery from CSD Wave

7.2.2.4 Summary

7.3 Alcohol Effects

7.3.1 First Study

7.3.2 Second Study: The Effects of Ethanol on the Responses to CSD

7.3.2.1 Introduction

7.3.2.2 Methods

7.3.2.3 Results

7.3.2.3.1 Amplitude Values

7.3.2.3.2 Wave Frequency (FRQ)

7.3.2.3.3 Propagation Rate: VTP (Mm/Min)

7.3.2.4 Discussion

7.3.2.4.1 Reflectance

7.3.2.4.2 NADH Redox State

7.3.2.4.3 DC Potential

7.3.2.4.4 CSD Wave Frequency and Propagation Rate

Chapter 8: Clinical Monitoring of Cortical Spreading Depression (CSD) in the Human Brain

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Monitoring of NADH and Other Parameters in Patients

8.3 The Discovery of CSD in the Human Cerebral Cortex

8.3.1 Introduction

8.3.2 Methods

8.3.2.1 The Development of the Monitoring System

8.3.2.2 Construction of the Multiprobe Assembly (MPA)

8.3.2.3 Patient Preparation

8.3.3 Results

8.3.4 Discussion

Chapter 9: CSD and the LifenLight Score (LLS)

9.1 Introduction

9.1.1 The Developed Concept

9.1.2 Brain LifenLight Score (LLS)

9.2 Methodology Used

9.2.1 The Multiparametric Monitoring System

9.2.2 Time Sharing Fluorometer Reflectometer (TSFR)

9.2.3 Mitochondrial NADH Redox State (NADH)

9.2.4 Microcirculatory Blood Oxygenation

9.2.5 Microcirculatory Blood Flow

9.2.6 Animal Preparation

9.2.7 Real-Time Data Acquisition

9.2.8 LifenLight Score (LLS)

9.3 Results

9.4 Discussion

Chapter 10: Discussion and Conclusions

10.1 Introduction

10.2 The Discovery of CSD in the Human Cerebral Cortex

10.3 NADH Responses to CSD In Vivo vs. Isolated Mitochondria In Vitro.

10.4 Cortical Spreading Depression (CSD) under Pathophysiological Conditions

10.5 Modeling Brain Energy Metabolism and Function

10.5.1 Introduction

10.5.2 The Mathematical Model

10.5.3 Results

10.5.4 Model Discussion

10.6 Future Perspectives

Appendix

Introduction

Chapter 1: Electrical Properties of Spreading Depression

Spontaneous Electroencephalographic Activity

Evoked Potentials

Slow Potentials

Unit Activity

Membrane Potentials

Impedance Changes

Chapter 5: Chemical Aspects of Spreading Depression

Ion and Water Transport and Distribution During Spreading Depression

Spreading Cortical Depression and Labile Chemical Compounds in the Brain

Amino Acids and Spreading Depression

Biochemical Correlates of the Functional Changes Accompanying Spreading Depression

Protein Metabolism in the Course of Spreading Depression

Chapter 7: Mechanism of Spreading Depression

Vascular Mechanisms

Electric Fields

Humoral Transmission

Potassium Hypothesis

Glutamic Acid Hypothesis

Concomitant Phenomena

Index.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 411-417) and index.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Mayevsky, Avraham Cortical Spreading Depression of Leao

ISBN:

3-031-08068-8

OCLC:

1348490266