Thermophysical properties of individual hydrocarbons of petroleum and natural gases : properties, methods, and low-carbon technologies / Boris A. Grigoriev, [and three others].

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Grigoriev, Boris A., author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Hydrocarbons--Thermal properties.

Hydrocarbons.

Hydrocarbons--Thermal properties--Mathematics.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (1074 pages)

Place of Publication:

Cambridge, Massachusetts : Gulf Professional Publishing, [2022]

Summary:

"Thermophysical Properties of Individual Hydrocarbons of Petroleum and Natural Gases: Properties, Methods, and Low-Carbon Technologies is a go-to data source for engineers who need derive property data on everyday components. Providing more precise data improves existing oil and gas processing systems and creates opportunities for more sustainable operations and equipment, such as hydrogen and carbon capture. Covering modern equations of state, this source discusses detailed descriptions of experimental apparatus, methods of measurement, corrections and error estimates as well as results of previous experiments. Generalized predictive methods for calculating viscosity and thermal conductivity are also covered. Rounding out with property databases and lower-carbon technology advances, the book gives today’s engineers a detailed study of methods for more sustainable experimental research of thermophysical properties."-- Title details screen

Contents:

Intro

Thermophysical Properties of Individual Hydrocarbons of Petroleum and Natural Gases: Properties, Methods, and Low-Carbon T ...

Copyright

Contents

About the authors

Foreword

Preface

Chapter 1: Hydrocarbons of petroleum and natural gases

1.1. The main groups of petroleum and natural gas hydrocarbons

1.1.1. Alkanes

1.1.2. Cycloalkanes (naphthenes)

1.1.3. Aromatic hydrocarbons (arenes)

1.2. Basic physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons

1.2.1. Molar mass M (kg/kmol)

1.2.2. Normal boiling point temperature Tb

1.2.3. Relative density ρt1t2

1.2.4. Optical properties

1.2.5. Kinematic viscosity

1.2.6. Critical properties

References

Chapter 2: Experimental methods, apparatuses and results of experimental measurements of the thermodynamic properties

2.1. Experimental uncertainties

2.1.1. Measurement classification

2.1.2. Classification of uncertainties

2.1.3. Principles of estimation of experimental uncertainties

2.1.4. Calculation of experimental uncertainties

Systematic errors

Random errors

General error of the experimental result

2.2. Thermal properties

2.2.1. Apparatus for measuring the density of liquid hydrocarbons at the atmospheric pressure

2.2.2. Apparatus for measuring densities and vapor pressures of hydrocarbons

Description of the setup

Determination of the piezometer working volume

Procedure for measuring the specific volume and pressure of saturated vapors

Pressure, temperature, and specific volume measurements errors

2.2.3. Apparatus for determining melting curves of hydrocarbons

2.2.4. Apparatus for determining p, V, T dependences of liquid hydrocarbons

The main structural elements of the setup

Temperature measurement system

Method for measuring specific volume.

2.2.5. Apparatus for determining p, V, T dependences of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons

2.2.6. Experimental p

T results

Results of a saturated vapor pressure review

Results of the study of hydrocarbons density at atmospheric pressure

Results of the study of n-alkanes and cyclohexane specific volumes

Density of n-alkanes and cyclohexane at the saturation line

Determination of critical parameters of n-alkanes and cyclohexane

Local (for liquid and gas phases) and fundamental equations of state

Equations of state in the liquid and dense-gas state

Mamedov-Akhundov equation of state

The analysis of Tait equation of state

Analysis of the Tait equation limits of applicability

Applying the Tait equation to oils and petroleum products

Summary of data on the A and B(T) coefficients for oils and oil products

On the analysis of the temperature dependence of the B(T) coefficient of liquids

Virial equation of state

Fundamental thermal equations of state

Method for determining the FES coefficients

Calculation of data weights

2.3. Isobaric heat capacity

2.3.1. Apparatus for measuring of liquids at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range 270-450K

2.3.2. Apparatus for measuring of liquids at temperatures 300-470K and pressures 0.1-6.0MPa

2.3.3. Low-temperature calorimetric setup

2.3.4. Flow calorimetric setup

Theory of the flow method

Description of the flow setup ESD

Pressure measurement

Measurement of temperature and temperature difference

Calorimeters adiabaticity control

Substance flow rate measurement

Measurement procedure methodology

Error estimation of measurement results

Conducting control and verification experiments

2.3.5. Experimental results for Cp of liquid hydrocarbons

2.3.6. Experimental results for Cp in wide range of state parameters.

General characteristics of the experiment

Measurements in the critical region

Experimental data initial processing

Heat capacity of the liquid and gas phase on the saturation line

Heat capacity in the ideal gas state

2.3.7. Caloric properties of hydrocarbons in a wide range of state parameters

2.3.8. Methods for calculating Cp

Methods for calculating the isobaric heat capacity of liquid hydrocarbons at elevated pressures

Thermodynamic methods for calculating isobaric heat capacity in a wide range of state parameters

2.4. Isochoric heat capacity

2.4.1. Calorimeter design

2.4.2. Preparation of copper oxide

2.4.3. Determining of the calorimeters working volume

2.4.4. Determining the calorimeters heat capacity

2.4.5. Filling the calorimeter with measured substance

2.4.6. Procedure for measuring Cv

2.4.7. Accounting for corrections and uncertainty estimation of the experimental determination of Cv

2.4.8. Experimental results for Cv of hydrocarbons

2.5. Speed of sound

2.5.1. Fundamentals of the pulse-phase method for measuring speeds of sound

2.5.2. Experimental uncertainties of the pulse-phase method

2.5.3. Diffraction corrections of acoustic measurements

2.5.4. Acoustic cell

2.5.5. System for creating and measuring pressure and temperature

2.5.6. Experimental results for speeds of sound in hydrocarbons

2.6. Surface tension

2.6.1. Description of the experimental setup

2.6.2. Preparation of the measuring capillaries

2.6.3. Experiment procedure

2.6.4. Experimental uncertainties of the data

2.6.5. The results for surface tension in hydrocarbons

2.6.6. Analysis and discussion of the experimental results

2.7. Conclusions and recommendations

Chapter 3: Thermodynamic properties on the phase equilibrium lines

3.1. Sublimation point line.

3.1.1. Structure of molecular crystals, polymorphism

3.1.2. Thermodynamic properties in the sublimation region

3.2. Melting point line

3.3. Thermal properties on the saturation line liquid gas

3.3.1. Local equations of state on the ``liquid-gas´´ saturation curve

Parameters of characteristic points

Analysis of data and equations

n-Pentane

n-Hexane

n-Heptane

n-Octane

n-Nonane

n-Decane

n-Undecane

n-Dodecane

n-Tridecane

Aromatic hydrocarbons

Cyclohexane

3.3.2. Generalized correlations for calculating vapor pressure

3.3.3. Generalized correlations for calculating densities of saturated liquid n-alkanes

3.3.4. Generalized equation for the predicting densities of saturated gaseous hydrocarbons

3.4. Surface tension

3.5. Caloric properties on the liquid-gas saturation curve

3.5.1. Isobaric heat capacity of saturated liquid phases

3.5.2. Isobaric heat capacity of saturated vapor phases

3.5.3. Enthalpy and entropy on the saturation curve

3.6. Conclusions and recommendations

Chapter 4: Thermodynamic functions of hydrocarbons in the ideal gas state

4.1. Methods for determining the thermodynamic properties in the ideal gas state

4.2. Empirical correlations for calculating the ideal gas functions

4.3. Predictive methods for calculating ideal gas functions of hydrocarbons

Chapter 5: Fundamental equations of state of individual substances

5.1. Overview of fundamental equations of state

5.1.1. Cubic equations of state

5.1.2. Virial equations of state

5.1.3. Equations obtained in the framework of the statistical associating fluids theory (SAFT)

Simplified statistical associating fluid theory (SSAFT)

Lennard-Jones statistical associating fluid theory (LJ-SAFT)

Statistical associating fluid theory for hard spheres (SAFT-HS).

Statistical associating fluid theory with variable range (SAFT-VR)

5.1.4. Extended the Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation

5.1.5. Modern fundamental equations of state

5.1.6. Methodology for the analytical calculation of thermodynamic quantities using fundamental equations of state

5.2. Methods of constructing fundamental equations of state based on experimental data of various types

5.2.1. Analysis of the structure and extrapolation behavior of equations of state

5.2.2. Structure of the functional (objective function)

5.2.3. Algorithms for determining coefficients of the equation of state and its functional form

Simultaneous optimization algorithm (SIMOPT) by Span and Wagner

Algorithm based on the Lemmon random search method

5.3. Fundamental equations of state at the critical point

5.3.1. Crossover equations of state

5.3.2. Kiselev-Friends approach

5.4. Conclusions and recommendations

Chapter 6: Modern fundamental equations of state for the most important hydrocarbons of oil, gas condensates, and ass

6.1. Overview of the published equations of state

6.1.1. Hydrocarbon and associated gases

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Carbon dioxide

Water and water vapor

Methane

Ethane

Propane

n-Butane, isobutane

6.1.2. Liquid alkanes

Isopentane

Neopentane

2-Methylpentane (isohexane)

6.1.3. Cycloalkanes

Cyclopentane

6.1.4. Aromatic hydrocarbons

Benzene

Ethylbenzene

6.1.5. Modern generalized equations of state

Platzer and Maurer equation

Span and Wagner equation

6.2. Critical region

6.2.1. Methane

6.2.2. n-Pentane

6.2.3. n-Hexane

6.2.4. n-Heptane

6.2.5. n-Octane

6.2.6. Cyclohexane

6.2.7. Benzene

6.2.8. Toluene.

6.2.9. Generalized crossover equation of state.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Grigoriev, Boris A. Thermophysical Properties of Individual Hydrocarbons of Petroleum and Natural Gases

ISBN:

9780323952187

0323952186