Phonological development : the first two years / Marilyn May Vihman ; cover image, Marilyn Vihman.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Vihman, Marilyn May.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Language acquisition.

Grammar, Comparative and general--Phonology.

Grammar, Comparative and general.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (445 pages)

Edition:

Second edition.

Former Title:

Phonological development : the origins of language in the child

Place of Publication:

Chichester, England : Wiley-Blackwell, 2014.

Summary:

"This open-minded, comprehensive overview of the intersecting components of phonological development is a masterpiece that should shape new directions of research for many years to come. Vihman elucidates the many underlying assumptions, some in conflict with one another, that have guided research on phonological development, and lays out clearly the relevance of individual variability in very young children. Vihman's work will cause researchers in the disparate areas of perception, production, word learning, variation, and phonological universals to be informed by each other's results, potentially revolutionizing our understanding of phonological development." -Sharon Inkelas, University of California, Berkeley "Phonological Development: The First Two Years (Second Edition) is essential reading and a primary text for all specialists and students in language development as well as those interested in phonological development in particular. It provides in-depth and up-to-date coverage of all areas of research relevant to understanding phonological development, with comprehensive reviews of both empirical findings and theoretical frameworks. An emphasis is made on the need to relate the development of perception and production, and the study of phonological development to broader areas of language acquisition. Besides eleven chapters, it also contains valuable appendices on protowords and template analyses. To my knowledge it is the most thorough and important book on this topic to date." -David Ingram, Arizona State University "Marilyn Vihman's work unfolds on the center court of child phonology research. This book gives a broad and insightful account of this complex topic-a treatment that is likely to serve, for a long time, as an indispensable reference on the early stages of learning to speak." -Björn Lindblom, Stockholm University "This

eagerly awaited second edition masterfully updates Vihman's review of research on earlier themes as well as on several new themes, much of which attests to the profound inspiration of the seminal first edition." -Mary Beckman, Ohio State University.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Contents

Note on Second Edition

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1 Introduction

Biological Foundations of Language Development

Chomsky and the origins of the LAD and UG

Analysis of an argument

The course of language development

Alternative approaches to Chomskyan biological foundations

Phonological Development: Goals and Challenges

Phonetics and phonology

The interaction of perception and production

Cross-linguistic perspectives

The significance of individual differences

Methodologies: Data sources and theoretical perspectives

Overview

Chapter 2 Precursors to Language: The First 18 Months of Life

The Development of Linguistic Form and Function

1 Early Capacities: Birth to 2 Months

(a) The child as experiencer and communicator

(b) The child as listener and vocalizer

(c) Linked form and function

2 Early Capacities: 2 to 4 Months

3 Early Capacities: 4 to 6 Months

(a) The child as experiencer and actor

4 First Advances: 6 to 9 Months

Attainments of the first 9 months

5 Bringing the Strands Together: 9 to 12 Months

6 Transition to Language use: 12 to 18 Months

(a) The child as experiencer/communicator

(b) The child as listener/speaker

(c) The child as both experiencer/communicator and listener/speaker

Learning Mechanisms

Distributional or statistical learning

Lexical or symbolic (categorical) learning ('explicit' or 'declarative').

Summary: Precursors and the Transition to Language

Chapter 3 Development in Perception: Early Capacities, Rapid Change

Issues that Motivated the Study of Infant Speech Perception

Problems posed by speech perception

Categorical perception

Methods Used to Study Infant Speech Perception

Discrimination: Infant Capacities

Mechanisms Underlying Infant Perception

Discrimination of speech vs. non-speech signals

Speech perception by humans vs. other animals

Within-category discrimination

Developmental Change in Perception

Discrimination of non-native contrasts

What is the role of experience?

'Perceptual Narrowing': Models of Developmental Change

Perceptual assimilation model

A mechanism for perceptual narrowing

Developmental change in vowel perception

Cross-Modal Perception

Mirror neurons

Summary: The Infant Listener-From Universal to Particular

Chapter 4 Infant Vocal Production

Early Vocal Production

Contemporary models: Goals and methods

The first six months: Stage models

The infant vocal tract

The vocal substrate of speech

The Social Context, I: Precanonical Period

The Emergence of Adult-Like Syllables

Rhythmicity and silent babbling

Canonical vs. variegated 'stages'

Vocal development in aphonic children

The Social Context, II: Canonical Period

Vowel Production in the First Year

Vocal tract changes and vowel production

Influence from the Ambient Language

The role of proprioception in vocal advance

Summary: Biological and Social Foundations

Chapter 5 Perceptual Advances in the First Year: Prosody, Segmentation and Distributional Learning

The Role of Prosody and Infant-Directed Speech (IDS)

Newborn experience and the role of rhythm

The salience and ubiquity of IDS

What aspects of IDS are salient to the infant?.

Affective and attentional functions of IDS prosody

Prosodic Bootstrapping

Advances in Knowledge of Accentual Patterns and Phonotactics

Accentual patterns: English and other languages

Phonotactic patterning

Experimental Studies of Segmentation

Evidence of infant ability to segment trained words from passages

Cross-linguistic and cross-dialect attempts at replication

The role of isolated words

The role of production

The role of memory

Distributional or Statistical Learning

Summary: Rhythms and Segmental Patterns

Chapter 6 The Transition to Language Use

Beginnings of Word Comprehension

Word comprehension vs. word production

Development of Intentional Communication

Gesture

Protowords

Early words

The role of onomatopoeia

Referential Word Use

Phonetic and Phonological Development

Early word forms

Influence from the ambient language

Rhythm in Child Production

Developmental studies of final syllable lengthening

Phonological rhythm in development

Emergence of Phonological Systematicity

Word templates

Summary: Continuity and Change

Chapter 7 Experimental Studies of Word-Form Learning

The Role of Phonology in Word Recognition and Word Learning

The Perceptual Basis of Word Learning:How Detailed Are EarlyWord-Form Representations

Untrained word-form recognition: Cross-linguistic differences

Explorations of `Phonological Specificity'

(a) Novel word-form learning: A naturalistic study

(b)The switch paradigm

(c) Preferential looking studies

(d) Eye-tracking studies

(e) Categorization studies

Integrating the Findings

Neurophysiological Investigation of Word Learning: Event Related Potentials

Reorganization of the brain with lexical advance

Establishing the onset of word-form recognition.

Relating word-form recognition to semantic processing

Summary: Understanding the Development of Representation

Chapter 8 Phonological Development in the Bilingual Child

The Study of Child Bilingualism: Parental Strategy and Language Use

'Non-selectivity' in Adult Bilingual Processing: Implications for Children

Speech Perception and Processing

Language differentiation

Vowel and consonant perception

Stress perception

Word-form recognition and word learning

Processing efficiency

Bilingual Production

Early studies: One system or two?

Later studies: Going beyond the 'unitary system' hypothesis

The effects of ambient language rhythm on bilingual production

Separate Systems with Interaction

Summary: The Experience of the Bilingual Child

Chapter 9 Theories, I: Formalist and Perception Models

What is the Source of the Linguistic System?

Some basic questions

The First Linguistic Models

The structuralist tradition: Jakobson

The generative approach: Stampe and Smith

Nonlinear phonology and principles and parameters

Contemporary Formalist Models

Prosodic phonology

Optimality theory

Contemporary Formalist Models: Critique and Appreciation

Perception Models

Perception Models: Critique and Appreciation

Summary: Theory and Data in Developmental Models

Chapter 10 Theories, II: Functionalist or Emergentist Models

Biological Model

Self-Organizing Models

Dynamic systems theory

Frame/Content model

Lindblom's model

Usage-Based Models

Probabilistic phonological knowledge

Exemplar learning

The role of production in an emergentist framework

Whole-Word Phonology

Word templates: Some history

Whole-word phonology: Some questions

Generality of template use

Generality of templatic patterns

Challenges and opportunities.

Prosodic vs. segmental structure

Typology by language

Nature of representation

The emergence of segments

Linked-attractor model

Functionalist or Emergentist Models: Critique and Appreciation

Summary: Emergent Phonology

Chapter 11 Conclusion

Linking Perception and Production

Phonological memory

Effects of Lexical Learning and Language Use

Appendix Data Sources

References

Index.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

ISBN:

9781118342824 (Electronic Book)

1118342828 (Electronic Book)

OCLC:

867318665