Principles of electrical neural interfacing : a quantitative approach to cellular recording and stimulation / Liang Guo.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Guo, Liang, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Neurotechnology (Bioengineering).

Neural stimulation.

Electrophysiology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (177 pages)

Place of Publication:

Cham, Switzerland : Springer, [2021]

System Details:

Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Summary:

This textbook fills a gap to supply students with the fundamental principles and tools they need to perform the quantitative analyses of the neuroelectrophysiological approaches, including both conventional and emerging ones, prevalently used in neuroscience research and neuroprosthetics. The content grows out of a course on Neuroengineering and Neuroprosthetics, which the author has taught already several times. The key problems the author addresses include (1) the universal operating mechanisms of neuroelectrophysiological approaches, (2) proper configuration of each approach, and (3) proper interpretation of the resulting signals. Efforts are made both to extract the universal principles underlying this common class of approaches and discern the unique properties of each individual approach. To address these important problems, equivalent electrical circuit modeling and signal analysis are used to unravel the functioning mechanisms and principles and provide sound interpretations to the associated signals and phenomena. This book aims to derive analytical solutions to these equivalent circuits, which can offer clear and complete mechanistic insights to the underlying biophysics.

Contents:

Intro

Preface

Acknowledgments

Contents

About the Author

List of Abbreviations

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Neural Electrodes

1.2 Advantages and Limitations of Electrical Neural Interfacing

1.3 Problems of Focus in This Book

1.4 Featured Approach of Analysis

References

Part I: Properties and Models of Neurons and Electrodes

Chapter 2: Equivalent Circuit Models of Neurons

2.1 The Classic Parallel-Conductance Model

2.2 Neuronal Model for DC Analysis

2.3 Neuronal Models for AC Analysis

2.3.1 Neuronal Model for Analyzing Subthreshold Transmembrane Voltage Changes

2.3.2 Neuronal Model for analyzing Suprathreshold Transmembrane Voltage Changes (APs)

2.3.3 Virtual Capacitive Current IC(s)

2.4 Monopole Current Source

Chapter 3: Recording Electrodes

3.1 Electrode-Electrolyte Interface

3.1.1 The Universal Electrode-Electrolyte Phase Boundary

3.1.2 Neural Recording Electrodes are Capacitive

3.2 Non-Redox Electrochemical Cell for Neural Recording

3.3 The Complete Neural Recording Circuit

3.4 Electrode Impedance

3.4.1 Principle of Electrode Impedance Measurement

3.4.2 Method for Electrode Impedance Measurement

3.4.3 How to Read the Impedance Plots

3.4.4 Methods to Reduce Electrode Impedance

3.5 Summary

Chapter 4: Stimulating Electrodes

4.1 Electrode-Electrolyte Interface

4.2 Electrolytic Cell for Neural Stimulation

4.3 The Complete Neural Stimulating Circuit

4.4 Charge Injection Capacity

4.4.1 Cyclic Voltammogram (CV), CSC, and CIC

4.4.2 Methods to Functionalize a Stimulating Electrode

4.5 Summary

Part II: Principles of Electrical Neural Recording

Chapter 5: Intracellular Recording

5.1 DC Recording: The Resting Membrane Potential

5.2 AC Recording

5.2.1 How the AC Vm(s) Is Generated.

5.2.2 Intracellular Recording Using a Solid-State Microwire Electrode

5.2.3 Intracellular Recording Using Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp and Glass Micropipettes

5.3 Summary

Chapter 6: Extracellular Recording

6.1 Basic Relationships Between eFPs and Transmembrane Voltage Changes

6.2 Extracellular Recording Using a Planar Substrate Microelectrode

6.3 Optimizing the Recording Quality

6.3.1 Factors Affecting the SNR

6.4 Summary

Chapter 7: Extracellular Recording of Propagating Action Potentials

7.1 AP Propagation and Its Modeling

7.1.1 Forward Propagating Intracellular Current

7.1.2 Backward Propagating Intracellular Current

7.1.3 Overall Propagating Effect on eFP

7.2 The Recorded eFP

7.3 Summary

Chapter 8: Recording Using Field-Effect Transistors

Summary

Chapter 9: Neural Recording Using Nanoprotrusion Electrodes

9.1 Extracellular Recording by Nanoprotrusion Electrodes

9.1.1 Subthreshold Depolarization Phase

9.1.2 AP Phase

9.2 Recording by Nanoprotrusion Electrodes After Membrane Poration

9.2.1 Subthreshold Depolarization Phase

9.2.2 AP Phase

9.3 Recording by Multiple Nanoprotrusion Electrodes on the Same Planar Microelectrode

9.3.1 Extracellular Recording

9.3.2 Recording After Membrane Poration

9.4 Conclusion

9.5 Summary

Chapter 10: Recording Using Tetrodes

10.1 Principle of Source Localization

10.1.1 Why the Neuronal Source Is Viewed as a Current Source?

10.1.2 Monopole Source Model

10.1.3 Analytical Solution to the Inverse Problem

10.1.4 Whether Deconvolution is Needed?

10.2 When a Real Analytical Solution Does Not Exist

10.3 Stepping Tetrode

10.4 Limitations of Tetrodes

10.5 Summary

References.

Chapter 11: Intracortical Functional Neural Mapping Using an Integrated 3D Ultra-Density MEA

11.1 Basic Concepts of a Single Electrode

11.1.1 Amplitude Resolution

11.1.2 Spatial Resolution

11.1.3 Receptive Field

11.1.4 Temporal Resolution

11.2 An Electrode Unit

11.3 Definition of Ultra-Density MEA

11.4 Neural Resolving Power of MEA

11.5 Principles of Functional Neural Mapping Using an Ultra-Density MEA

11.6 Discussions

11.6.1 Particular Issues of Ultra-Density MEA

The Aliasing Effect

The Peripheral Source Effect

The Interposing Effect

Concurrent AP Firing

11.6.2 Spatial Oversampling

11.6.3 Implications to BCIs

11.7 Summary

Part III: Principles of Electrical Neural Stimulation

Chapter 12: Neuronal Stimulation

12.1 Intracellular Stimulation

12.2 Extracellular Stimulation: Basic Relationships Between eFP and Transmembrane Voltage

12.2.1 Intimate Stimulation

12.2.2 Distant Stimulation

12.2.3 Electrode Much Smaller Than the Neuron

12.3 Extracellular Stimulation Using a Planar Substrate Microelectrode

12.3.1 Electrode Area Equal to the Neuronal Junctional Area

12.3.2 Electrode Area Larger Than the Neuronal Junctional Area

12.3.3 Electrode Area Smaller Than the Neuronal Junctional Area

12.3.4 Electrode Area Much Smaller Than the Neuronal Junctional Area

12.3.5 Extracellular Stimulation Using a Planar Substrate Microelectrode After Electroporation

12.4 Optimizing Stimulation Efficacy

12.5 Summary

Chapter 13: Electrical Stimulation to Promote Neuronal Growth

13.1 Neuronal Model for Substrate Interaction

13.2 Weak DC Electric Field to Promote Neuronal Growth

13.2.1 DC Voltage Stimulation

13.2.2 DC Current Stimulation

13.3 DC Electric Field to Direct Axonal Growth

13.4 Summary

Part IV: Applications.

Chapter 14: Applications

14.1 High-Performance BCIs

14.2 Drug Screening

14.3 Chronic Pain Management

14.4 Nerve Regeneration

Index.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

3-030-77677-8

OCLC:

1272999984