Cogs, small cogs and boats : the thirteenth- until sixteenth- century Dutch and Flemish archaeological finds from the Hanseatic shipbuilding tradition seen in a broader perspective / Karel Vlierman ; editors: Hemmy Clevis, Hans Janssen and Jos Koldeweij ; translators: Xandra Bardet, Hemmy Clevis, Stefanie Hoss, Christine Jefferis, Joy Phillips, Sasja van der Vaart-Verschoof, Jeroen Vermeersch.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Vlierman, Karel, 1942- author.

Contributor:

Clevis, Hemmy, editor.

George Clapp Vaillant Book Fund.

Language:

Dutch

English

Subjects (All):

Cogs (Sailing ships)--Netherlands.

Cogs (Sailing ships).

Ships, Medieval--Netherlands.

Ships, Medieval.

Underwater archaeology--Netherlands.

Underwater archaeology.

Cogs (Sailing ships)--Drawings.

Shipbuilding--Europe, Northern--History--To 1500.

Shipbuilding.

Netherlands.

Northern Europe.

Genre:

Drawings.

History.

Physical Description:

2 volumes (998 pages) : illustrations (some color), maps ; in case 24 x 21 x 33 cm + 1 case of plates

Place of Publication:

Zwolle, The Netherlands : SPA uitgevers, [2021]

Summary:

"From the thirteenth to the fifteenth century an important part of the economy in north western Europe was based on trade in the Hanseatic League. The main means of transport consisted of ships, mainly cogs. The importance of this type of ship was already apparent from medieval documents, miniatures and other sources. One of the world's largest collections of medieval shipwrecks emerged after the Second World War during the partial reclamation of the IJsselmeer lake (the former Zuiderzee inlet) in the Netherlands, where three polders were created from 1942 onwards. During these works, hundreds of shipwrecks from the period between 1250 and 1900 were discovered, about twenty of these being cogs. Maritime archaeologist Karel Vlierman has excavated shipwrecks all his working life. He dedicated himself to the research of these ships, including two cogs found at Doel near Antwerp and the recently uncovered cog from the river IJssel near Kampen. His research of more than twenty years has resulted in a monograph of over 950 richly illustrated pages, together with some 70 large technical drawings of all the investigated cogs and their reconstructions. The monograph and the folder with the 70 technical drawings - in A1 and A2 format - together come in a fine slipcase."--Provided by vendor.

Contents:

Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction

1.1. Two methods for building seagoing ships

1.2. Aims and significance of the study

1.3. Sources

1.4. Structure of this study

State of research

2. Previous history and context

2.1. Maritime archaeological research in the Netherlands

2.2. Structure of the Zuiderzee bed

2.3. Archaeological cog research/investigation

2.4. Characteristics of the cog

2.5. Other late-medieval shipwrecks

2.6. River vessels with cog features

3. Trade and ships in the Middle Ages

3.1. Inland vessels up to ca 1300

3.2. West and North European seagoing vessels up to ca 1200

3.3. Mediterranean ships and the Vikings in Southern Italy

3.4. Crusades and sea trade in Europe

3.5. Northwest European sea ships ca 1200-1500

4. The medieval cog: state of research

4.1. Historiographical research

Research and reference model

5. The research, the `reference' wreck Nijkerk-II and the Kampen cog

5.1. The research

5.2. The reference wreck Nijkerk-II and the Kampen cog

6. The Nijkerk-II cog

6.1. Find conditions

6.1.1. Discovery and investigation

6.1.2. Geology and stratigraphy

6.1.3. Medieval habitation

6.1.4. Condition and wreck formation

6.2. The ship

6.2.1. Documentation and reconstruction

6.2.2. Construction and layout of the hull

6.3. Construction data

6.3.1. Design

6.3.2. Construction: techniques and sequences

6.3.3. Characteristics

6.3.4. Use

6.3.5. Abandonment and breaking

6.3.6. Wreck formation and embedding

6.4. Model

6.4.1. The NISA standard method for building scale models

6.4.2. The 1:10 scale model of the Nijkerk-II cog

6.5. Inventory

6.5.1. Introduction and distribution of the finds

6.5.2. Finds attributable to the late-medieval settlement of Ark

6.5.3. Ship's equipment and inventory

6.6. Cargo and merchandise

6.7. Ballast?

6.8. Dating

6.9. Summary

7. The experimental reconstruction of the Nijkerk-II: the Kampen cog

7.1. The preceding sequence of events

7.2. Basic principles of construction

7.3. Construction

7.4. Design and execution of the sail, rigging and blocks

7.5. Ballast

7.6. Construction and sailing data

7.7. Launch, first sailing tests and experiences

7.8. Characteristics of the hull, vessel and sails and the Baltic voyage in 2004

7.9. Conservation and management of the Kampen cog and the installation of an engine

7.10. Summary and conclusions

More cogs, other vessel types and a medieval shipyard

8. The Nijkerk-I cog

8.1. Find conditions

8.1.1. Discovery and investigation

8.1.2. Geology and stratigraphy

8.1.3. Medieval habitation

8.1.4. Condition and wreck formation

8.2. The ship

8.2.1. Documentation and reconstruction

8.2.2. Construction and layout of the hull

8.3. Construction data

8.3.1. Design

8.3.2. Construction: techniques and sequence

8.3.3. Characteristics

8.3.4. Use

8.3.5. Abandonment and dismantling

8.3.6. Wreck formation and embedding

8.4. Model 8.4.1 Trial models

8.5. Inventory

8.5.1. Distribution of the finds

8.5.2. Ship's equipment and inventory

8.6. Cargo and merchandise

8.7. Ballast?

8.8. Dating

8.9. Summary

9. The Ens cog

9.1. Find conditions

9.1.1. Discovery and investigation

9.1.2. Geology and stratigraphy

9.1.3. Medieval habitation

9.1.4. Condition and wreck formation

9.2. The ship

9.2.1. Documentation and reconstruction

9.2.2. Construction and layout of the hull

9.3. Construction data

9.3.1. Design

9.3.2. Construction: techniques and sequence

9.3.3. Characteristics

9.3.4. Use

9.3.5. Abandonment? Wreck formation and embedding

9.4. Model

9.5. Inventory

9.6. Cargo

9.7. Ballast

9.8. Dating

9.9. Summary

10. The Rutten cog

10.1. Find conditions

10.1.1. Discovery and investigation

10.1.2. Geology and stratigraphy

10.1.3. The distribution of land and water; medieval occupation

10.1.4. Condition and wreck formation

10.2. The ship

10.2.1. Documentation and reconstruction

10.2.2. Construction and layout of the hull

10.3. Construction data

10.3.1. Design

10.3.2. Construction: techniques and sequence 10.3-3 Characteristics

10.3.4. Use

10.3.5. Wreck formation and embedding

10.4. Model

10.5. Inventory

10.5.1. Distribution of the finds

10.5.2. Ship's equipment and inventory

10.6. Cargo and merchandise

10.7. Ballast

10.8. Dating

10.9. Summary

11. The Dronten-I cog

11.1. Find conditions

11.1.1. Discovery and investigation

11.1.2. Geology and stratigraphy

11.1.3. Medieval habitation

11.1.4. Condition and wreck formation

11.2. The ship

11.2.1. Documentation and reconstruction

11.2.2. Construction and layout of the hull

11.3. Construction data

11.3.1. Design

11.3.2. Construction: techniques and sequence 11.3-3 Characteristics

11.3.4. Use

11.3.5. Wreck formation and embedding

11.4. Model

11.5. Inventory

11.5.1. Distribution of the finds

11.5.2. Ship's equipment and inventory

11.6. Cargo and merchandise

11.7. Ballast

11.8. Dating

11.9. Summary

12. The Marknesse cog

12.1. Find conditions

12.1.1. Discovery and investigation

12.1.2. Geology and stratigraphy

12.1.3. Medieval habitation

12.1.4. Condition, movement and wreck formation

12.2. The ship

12.2.1. Documentation and reconstruction

12.2.2. Construction and layout of the hull

12.3. Construction data

12.3.1. Design

12.3.2. Construction: techniques and sequence

12.3.3. Characteristics

12.3.4. Use

12.3.5. Wreck formation and embedding

12.4. Model

12.5. Inventory

12.5.1. Distribution of the finds

12.5.2. Ship's equipment and inventory

12.6. Cargo and merchandise

12.7. Ballast

12.8. Dating

12.9. Summary

13. The Kuinre cog

13.1. Find conditions

13.1.1. Discovery and investigation

13.1.2. Geology and stratigraphy

13.1.3. Prehistoric and medieval habitation

13.1.4. Condition and wreck formation

13.2. The ship

13.2.1. Documentation and reconstruction

13.2.2. Construction and layout of the hull

13.3. Construction data

13.4. Model

13.5. Inventory

13.6. Cargo and merchandise

13.7. Ballast

13.8. Dating

13.9. Summary

14. The Spakenburg-I cog

14.1. Find conditions

14.1.1. Discovery and investigation

14.1.2. Geology and stratigraphy

14.1.3. Medieval habitation

14.1.4. Condition and wreck formation

14.2. The ship

14.2.1. Documentation and reconstruction

14.2.2. Construction and layout of the hull

14.3. Construction data

14.3.1. Design

14.3.2. Construction: techniques and sequence

14.3.3. Characteristics

14.3.4. Use

14.3.5. Dismantling and sunk on purpose

14.3.6. Wreck formation and embedding

14.4. Model

14.5. Inventory

14.5.1. Distribution of the finds

14.5.2. Ship's equipment and inventory

14.6. Cargo and merchandise

14.7. Ballast

14.8. Dating

14.9. Summary

15. The Spakenburg-II cog

15.1. Find conditions

15.1.1. Discovery and investigation

15.1.2. Geology and stratigraphy

15.1.3. Prehistoric and medieval habitation

15.1.4. Condition and wreck formation

15.2. The ship

15.2.1. Documentation and reconstruction

15.2.2. Construction and layout of the hull

15.3. Construction data

15.3.1. Design

15.3.2. Construction: techniques and sequence

15.3.3. Characteristics

15.3.4. Use

15.3.5. Wreck formation and embedding

15.4. Model

15.5. Inventory

15.5.1. Distribution of the finds

15.5.2. Ship's equipment and inventory

15.6. Cargo and merchandise

15.7. Ballast

15.8. Dating

15.9. Summary

16. The Almere-I cog

16.1. Find conditions

16.1.1. Discovery and investigation

16.1.2. Geology and stratigraphy

16.1.3. Medieval habitation

16.1.4. Condition and wreck formation

16.2. The ship

16.2.1. Documentation and reconstruction

16.2.2. Construction and layout of the hull

16.3. Construction data

16.3.1. Design

16.3.2. Characteristics

16.3.3. Use

16.3.4. Wreck formation and embedding

16.4. Model

16.5. Inventory

16.5.1. Distribution of the finds

16.5.2. Ship's equipment and inventory

16.6. Human bones

16.7. Cargo and merchandise

16.8. Dating

16.9. Comparison and typological evolution of the rosebolts, the axe and the caulking iron

16.10. Summary

Supplement. A remarkable clapper: significance, function and origin

Supplement. Healed scurvy, a Dutch example from the fifteenth century. Palaeopathological analysis of some human bones

17. The Dronten-II cog

17.1. Find conditions

17.1.1. Discovery and investigation

17.1.2. Geology and stratigraphy

17.1.3. Medieval habitation

17.1.4. Condition and wreck formation

17.2. The ship

17.2.1. Documentation and reconstruction

17.2.2. Construction and layout of the hull

17.3. Construction data

17.3.1. Design

17.3.2. Construction: techniques and sequence

17.3.3. Characteristics

17.3.4. Use

Contents note continued: 17.3.5. Wreck formation and embedding

17.4. Model

17.5. Inventory

17.6. Cargo and merchandise

17.7. Ballast

17.8. Dating

17.9. Summary

18. The Swifterbant cog

18.1. Find conditions

18.1.1. Discovery and investigation

18.1.2. Geology and stratigraphy

18.1.3. Medieval habitation

18.1.4. Condition and wreck formation

18.2. The ship

18.2.1. Documentation and reconstruction

18.2.2. Construction and layout of the hull

18.3. Construction data

18.4. Model

18.5. Inventory

18.5.1. Distribution of the finds

18.5.2. Ship's equipment and inventory

18.6. Cargo and merchandise

18.7. Ballast

18.8. Dating

18.9. Summary

19. The Almere-II cog

19.1. Find conditions

19.1.1. Discovery and investigation

19.1.2. Geology and stratigraphy

19.1.3. Medieval habitation

19.1.4. Condition and wreck formation

19.2. The ship

19.2.1. Documentation

19.2.2. Construction and layout of the hull

19.3. Construction data

19.4. Model

19.5. Inventory

19.6. Cargo and merchandise

19.7. Ballast

19.8. Dating

19.9. Summary

20. The Doel-I cog

20.1. Find conditions

20.1.1. Discovery, salvage and investigation

20.1.2. Geology and stratigraphy

20.1.3. Prehistoric and medieval habitation

20.1.4. Condition and wreck formation

20.2. The ship

20.2.1. Documentation

20.2.2. Construction and layout of the hull

20.3. Construction data

20.3.1. Design

20.3.2. Construction: techniques and sequence

20.3.3. Characteristics

20.3.4. Use

20.3.5. Wreck formation and embedding

20.4. Model

20.5. Inventory

20.6. Cargo and merchandise

20.7. Ballast

20.8. Dating

20.9. Summary

21. The Doel-II cog

21.1. Find conditions

21.1.1. Discovery, salvage and investigation

21.1.2. Geology and stratigraphy

21.1.3. Prehistoric and medieval habitation

21.1.4. Condition and wreck formation

21.2. The ship

21.2.1. Documentation

21.2.2. Construction and layout of the hull

21.3. Construction data

21.3.1. Design

21.3.2. Construction: techniques and sequence

21.3.3. Characteristics

21.3.4. Use

21.3.5. Wreck formation and embedding

21.4. Model

21.5. Inventory

21.6. Cargo and merchandise

21.7. Ballast

21.8. Dating

21.9. Summary

22. The Kraggenburg cog

22.1. Find conditions

22.1.1. Discovery and investigation

22.1.2. Geology and stratigraphy

22.1.3. Medieval habitation

22.1. A Condition and wreck formation

22.2. The ship

22.3. Reconstruction

22.4. Model

22.5. Inventory

22.6. Cargo and merchandise

22.7. Ballast

22.8. Dating

22.9. Summary

23. The Kampen (IJssel) cog

23.1. Find conditions

23.1.1. Discovery, salvage, field evaluation and investigation

23.1.2. Geology and stratigraphy

23.1.3. Prehistoric and medieval habitation

23.1.4. Condition and wreck formation

23.2. The ship

23.2.1. Documentation methods

23.2.2. Construction, reconstruction and layout of the hull

23.3. Construction data

23.3.1. Design

23.3.2. Construction: techniques and sequence

23.3.3. Characteristics

23.3.4. Use

23.3.5. Discarded and used as a caisson

23.3.6. Wreck formation and embedding

23.4. Model

23.5. Ship's inventory, or objects that were part of the fill or washed in?

23.5.1. Introduction and distribution of the finds

23.5.2. The finds

23.6. Cargo and merchandise

23.7. Ballast?

23.8. Dating

23.9. Summary and comparison with the other, older cogs

24. The Enkhuizerzand cog

24.1. Find conditions

24.1.1. Discovery and investigation

24.2. The ship

24.3. Preliminary construction data

24.4. Model

24.5. Inventory

24.6. Cargo and merchandise

24.7. Ballast

24.8. Dating

24.9. Summary

25. Shipwrecks classified as cogs

25.1. Medemblik, `Zeebad'

25.2. Cargo vessel G

26. Boats and barges with cog-like features

26.1. Boat K 73/74

26.2. Boat near the Kampen (IJssel)-cog

26.3. Barge-like shipwreck near the Kampen (IJssel)-cog

26.4. (Original) function of the two boats and the barge

26.5. Large boat/small cog L 89

26.6. Cargo vessel B 55

26.7. Shipwrecks from the Lefebvre Dock in Antwerp, 1884

26.7.1. Two barge-like planking boats

26.7.2. Two boats

26.7.3. A small cog

26.7.4. A crossbeam from a cog?

26.8. Ship woodin's-Hertogenbosch

26.9. Barge, Kessel (North Brabant)

26.10. Part of (river) vessels from a different building tradition?

26.11. Boat from another building tradition in the Oosterschelde estuary

27. 15th- and 16th-century clinker-built ships

27.1. Four fully clinker-built ships

27.2. A 16th-century variant

27.3. A 16th-century large freighter/warship

27.4. Completely clinker-built and completely carvel-built Hollandse tvaterschepen

28. Medieval shipyards

28.1. Possible shipbuilding sites of cogs

28.2. Finds in Kampen linked to ships/shipbuilding

28.2.1. Iron objects

28.2.2. Wooden objects and a piece of sailcloth

28.2.3. A shipyard?

28.2.4. The shipyard on an old course of the IJssel: a hypothesis

28.2.5. The sailcloth

Results, analysis, summary and conclusions

29. Results and analysis

29.1. Construction methods of (seagoing) vessels in North-western Europe in the Late Middle Ages

29.2. Other late medieval vessels

29.3. The groups of vessels in the cog-building tradition

29.3.1. COGGHEN: large (Hanseatic) cogs

29.3.2. CLEENE COGGHEN: small cogs

29.3.3. SCHUTEN: boats with cog-like features

29.3.4. 13th-century river vessels

29.3.5. A miniature displaying the full spectrum of cogs and boats

29.3.6. Small cogs in the Digestum Vetus from 1456

29.4. Characteristics, construction sequence and catalogue

29.4.1. Characteristics

29.4.2. Sequence of the work and construction phases

29.4.3. Catalogue: Inventory of structural data and phenomena per ship

29.4.4. Some early-15th-century miniatures with realistic depicted vessels

29.5. Sintel clamped moss caulking

29.5.1. A late-medieval caulking method as a means of dating

29.5.2. Sintel clamped moss caulking featuring in a miniature in a medieval French edition of the Roman de Troie

29.5.3. Sculpture. A relief on the Sainte-Chapelle, Paris

29.5.4. Historical images explained by archaeology (and vice versa)

29.6. Layout, function, inventory and the Hanseatic network

29.6.1. The layout, function and inventory of cogs

29.6.2. `Standard' ship's equipment and inventory in late-medieval ships

29.6.3. External connections, the Hanseatic network and Hanseatic-related finds

30. Origin and decline of the cog

31. Summary and conclusions.

Notes:

Two volumes and supplementary case with approximately 70 (ship model) drawings (A1 and A2 format) in storage case.

Includes bibliographical references.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the George Clapp Vaillant Book Fund.

ISBN:

9789089320483

9089320482

OCLC:

1205589605

Publisher Number:

99991384665