Frontier technologies in bovine reproduction / edited by A. Kumaresan, A. K. Srivastava.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Kumarēcan̲, A., editor.

Srivastava, A. K., reader in sociology, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Cattle--Reproduction.

Cattle.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (344 pages)

Place of Publication:

Singapore : Springer, [2022]

Summary:

This book details the frontier technologies in the area of bovine reproduction. It describes the importance and significance of different technologies for improving reproduction efficiency in bovines. The book delineates the advancements in the technologies that are currently in use for faster multiplication of elite germ plasm including multiple ovulation and embryo transfer, ovum-pick-up, in vitro fertilization and embryo production, and semen sexing. Other emerging technologies, having potential for improving reproductive efficiency in bovines, including stem cells are also discussed with special reference to spermatogonial stem cells. Simple but effective tools having a great scope for day-to-day application in bovine farms for effective reproductive management like ultrasonography and thermal imaging are also covered in this book. The chapters on sperm transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics provide current developments in these areas and use of integrated approach for identification of fertility biomarkers. The chapters also describe technological advancements for early pregnancy diagnosis and offspring sex pre-selection in bovines. Additionally, this book discusses different sperm selection procedures including application of nanotechnology to obtain superior spermatozoa for assisted reproduction. Futuristic technologies including genomic selection and transgenesis are also discussed in detail. Finally, the book also elucidates a comprehensive description of challenges perceived with bovine reproduction and how effectively these technologies can help in improving fertility in bovines. ​

Contents:

Intro

Preface

Contents

About the Editors

1: Introduction

References

2: Application of Ultrasonography in Bovine Reproduction

2.1 Ultrasonographic Imaging of Ovarian Structures

2.1.1 Imaging of Follicle

2.1.2 Imaging of Corpus Luteum

2.1.3 Imaging of Uterus

2.1.4 Biometry of the Utero-Ovarian Structures

2.2 Ultrasonographic Characterization of Folliculogenesis and Luteal Development

2.2.1 Ovarian Follicular Dynamics

2.2.2 Ovarian Luteal Dynamics

2.3 Role of Ultrasound in Diagnosing Physiologic Reproductive Events and Its Variations

2.3.1 Diagnosis of Oestrum and Its Aberrations

2.3.2 Diagnosis of Ovulation and Its Disturbances

2.3.3 Diagnosis of Pregnancy

2.3.4 Assessment of Gestational Age

2.3.5 Foetal Gender Determination

2.3.6 Diagnosis of Abnormal Pregnancies

2.4 Role of Ultrasonography in Diagnosing Infertile Conditions

2.4.1 Diagnosis of Cystic Degeneration

2.4.2 Anoestrum

2.4.3 Endometritis

2.4.4 Diagnosing Congenital or Acquired Anomalies

2.5 Utero-Ovarian Haemodynamics and Doppler Imaging

2.5.1 Basic Principles of Doppler Ultrasonography

2.5.2 Follicular Vascularity

2.6 Peri-Follicular Blood Flow and Its Effect on Ovulation

2.6.1 Intensity of Blood Flow

2.6.2 Blood Flow Parameters in Relation to Ovulation

2.7 Luteal Vascularity

2.7.1 Luteal Vascularity During Normal Cycle

2.7.2 Luteal Vascularity During Pregnancy

2.8 Utero-Ovarian Haemodynamics in Disturbed Fertility

2.8.1 Blood Flow Parameters in Relation to Anoestrum

2.8.2 Blood Flow Parameters in Relation to Cystic Degeneration

2.9 Conclusion

3: Infrared Thermal Imaging and Its Application in Animal Reproduction

3.1 History and Applications of Infrared Thermography

3.2 Medical Infrared Thermography.

3.3 Application of Infrared Thermography (IRT) in Veterinary Medicine

3.3.1 Body Temperature Measurement

3.4 An Overview on Application of Infrared Thermography in Livestock and Poultry

3.5 Application of Infrared Thermography in Animal Reproduction

3.5.1 Infrared Thermography in Monitoring Estrous Cycle and Ovulation in Cattle

3.5.2 Infrared Thermography to Monitor Testicular Thermoregulation in Cattle and Buffaloes

3.5.3 IRT and Skin Temperature Differences of Peri-Vulvar Area During Estrus in Ewes

3.5.4 Application of IRT in Testicular Thermoregulation and Monitoring Estrus in Mares

3.5.5 Application of IRT for Estrus Detection and Prediction of Ovulation in Pigs

3.6 Application of IRT in Reproduction of Other Mammals and Birds

3.7 Factors Influencing Thermographic Imaging

3.8 Conclusion

4: Technological Advancements for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Cattle and Buffaloes

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Physiology of Pregnancy in Bovines

4.2.1 Prostaglandins

4.2.2 Progesterone

4.2.3 Signals from Placenta (Peri-Implantation Trophoblasts)

4.2.3.1 IFN-Tau (IFNT)

4.2.3.2 Placental Progesterone

4.2.3.3 Placental Estrogen

4.2.3.4 Placental Androgens

4.2.3.5 Chorionic Gonadotrophins

4.2.3.6 Pregnancy-Specific Members of the Prolactin and Growth Hormone from Placenta

4.2.3.7 Prolactin

4.2.3.8 Prolactin-Related Protein (PRP)

4.2.3.9 Relaxin/Insulin-like Family Peptides

4.3 Pregnancy Diagnosis in Bovine

4.3.1 Ideal Samples

4.3.2 PD by Rectal Palpation

4.3.3 Transrectal Ultrasonography

4.3.4 Blood Test

4.3.4.1 Pregnancy-Specific Protein (PSP)

4.3.4.2 Early Pregnancy Factor (EPF)

4.3.4.3 Pregnancy Associated Glycoproteins (PAGs)

4.3.4.4 PAG as Indicator of Embryonic Mortality

4.4 Early Pregnancy Associated Transcripts from Uterus and Embryo.

4.4.1 Interferon-Stimulated Genes

4.4.2 miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Pregnancy Diagnosis

4.5 Advanced Computer Aided Data Collection and Use in Pregnancy Diagnosis

4.6 Proteomics-Based Studies to Discover Early Pregnancy Biomarkers

4.7 Commercially Available Kits

4.7.1 Progesterone Based

4.7.2 Enzyme Immunoassays (EIA) Using P4

4.7.3 Kit Based on Estrone Sulfate

4.7.4 Kits Based on EPF

4.7.5 PAG-Based Tests

4.8 Conclusion

5: Bull Sperm Selection for Assisted Reproduction

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Assisted Reproduction in Cattle

5.2.1 Sperm Preparation for Artificial Insemination

5.2.2 Sperm Preparation for Embryo Transfer

5.2.3 Sperm Preparation for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

5.3 Why Select Spermatozoa?

5.4 Biomimetic Sperm Selection Methods

5.4.1 Sperm Selection by Migration

5.4.2 Sperm Selection by Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting

5.4.3 Sperm Selection by Colloid Centrifugation

5.5 Uses of Colloid Centrifugation in Bovine Assisted Reproduction Technologies

5.5.1 Early Uses of Colloid Centrifugation

5.5.2 Colloid Centrifugation to Improve Sperm Quality Pre-Freezing

5.5.3 Colloid Centrifugation to Improve Sperm Quality Post-Freezing

5.5.4 Colloid Centrifugation to Prepare Thawed Spermatozoa for IVF

5.6 Future Uses of Colloid Centrifugation

5.6.1 Colloid Centrifugation as an Indicator of Fertility

5.6.2 Improving the Sperm Quality of Young Bulls

5.6.3 Removal of Seminal Plasma

5.6.4 Separation of Spermatozoa from Pathogens in Semen

5.7 Conclusions

6: Nano Purification of Semen: A Novel Technique for Enrichment of Superior Quality Spermatozoa

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Spermatozoa Subpopulation and Their Relationship with Fertility

6.3 Semen Purification Techniques

6.3.1 Sperm Washing.

6.3.2 Sperm Migration/Swim-Up

6.3.3 Filtration

6.3.4 Colloid Centrifugation

6.4 Nano Purification

6.4.1 Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles

6.5 Application of Nanotechnology in Reproductive Biomedicine

6.6 Magnetic Nanoparticle (MNP) Based Semen Enrichment for Superior Spermatozoa

6.7 Negative Biomarker-Based Sperm Selection

6.7.1 Ubiquitin

6.7.2 Lectins

6.7.3 Annexins

6.8 Safety of Using Iron Nanoparticles in Semen Nano Purification

6.9 Perspective and Prospective

7: Sperm Transcriptome Sequencing for Predicting Bull Fertility: Concepts, Facts and Future Directions

7.1 Why Do Sperm Carry RNA?

7.2 Verify, Contest and Accept

7.3 Importance of Whole Transcriptome Profiling for Sperm

7.4 Isolation of Sperm RNA

7.5 Library Preparation and RNA-Seq

7.6 Bioinformatics Analysis of Sperm RNA

7.7 Transcript Composition and Quantification

7.8 Functional Profiling of Sperm RNAs

7.9 Sperm RNA Expression Pattern Can Be Used to Predict Bull Fertility Potential

7.10 Sperm RNA Retained Regions and Predicting Fertility

7.11 Splicing Mechanisms in Sperm

7.12 Non-coding RNAs in Sperm

7.13 Sperm microRNA

7.14 Sperm Long Non-coding RNA

7.15 Sperm Reverse Transcriptase Activity

7.16 Future Directions

7.17 Conclusion

8: Semen Proteomics and Metabolomics: Emerging Tools for Discovering Fertility Markers

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Semen Proteomics and Male Fertility

8.3 Techniques for Semen Proteomic Studies

8.3.1 Gel-Based Method

8.3.2 High-Throughput Shotgun Method

8.4 Approaches in Fertility Biomarker Discoveries

8.4.1 Selection of Bulls for the Studies

8.4.2 Experimental Procedure and Methods

8.5 Major Proteomic Biomarkers Identified in Sperm and Seminal Plasma

8.5.1 Bovine Seminal Plasma (BSP) Proteins.

8.5.2 Alpha Enolase

8.5.3 ATP5D

8.5.4 MDH2

8.5.5 Osteopontin (OPN)

8.5.6 Thimet Oligopeptidase-1 (TOP1)

8.6 Semen Metabolomics and Male Fertility

8.7 Interaction of Metabolites Between Sperm and Seminal Plasma

8.8 Association of Metabolites with Fertility

8.9 Perspective and Prospective

9: Spermatogonial Stem Cells: Their Use in Fertility Restoration

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Origin of SSCs

9.3 SSC Niche Regulate Their Self-Renewal

9.4 SSC Transplantation for Fertility Restoration

9.5 Isolation and Enrichment of SSCs

9.6 Characterization of SSCs

9.7 In Vitro Propagation of SSCs

9.8 SSC Transfer Techniques

9.8.1 Selection of Donors

9.8.2 Preparation of Recipients

9.8.3 Depletion of Recipient´s Endogenous SSCs

9.8.4 Recent Advancements in Improving the Efficiency of Transplantation

9.9 Determining the Fate of Donor SSCs Following Transplantation

9.10 Production of Live Offspring Following SSC Transplantation

9.11 Conclusion and Future Prospective

10: Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer in Livestock Production

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Assisted Reproduction in Livestock Production

10.3 Purpose of MOET

Box 10.1. Summary of Various Steps Followed in Typical MOET

10.4 Drugs Used in SOET and MOET

10.5 SOET and MOET in Various Animals

10.5.1 MOET in Cattle

10.5.2 MOET in Camelids

10.5.3 MOET in Equines

10.5.4 MOET in Buffaloes

10.6 Prospects and Challenges of MOET

11: Ovum Pick-Up and In Vitro Embryo Production in Bovine

11.1 Introduction

11.2 In Vivo Versus In Vitro Embryo Production Systems

11.3 Understanding the Technology: Critical Look Through the Steps

11.4 World Scenario of Embryo Production Through OPU-IVEP

11.5 Genomics and OPU-IVEP: A Whole New Perspective

11.6 Epilogue

References.

12: Milestones and Recent Developments in Farm Animal Cloning.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Kumaresan, A. Frontier Technologies in Bovine Reproduction

ISBN:

981-19-3072-4