The world heroin market : can supply be cut? / Letizia Paoli, Victoria A. Greenfield, Peter Reuter.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Paoli, Letizia.

Contributor:

Greenfield, Victoria A., 1964-

Reuter, Peter, 1944-

Series:

Studies in crime and public policy.

Studies in crime and public policy

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Heroin abuse.

Drug abuse.

Drug traffic.

Drug control.

Physical Description:

xiii, 374 p. : ill., maps.

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2009.

Summary:

This book is the first attempt to describe and analyze the world opiate market. It looks at how the Taliban achieved a cutback in heroin production in Afghanistan--a longtime goal of national and international drug policy agencies--and how that cutback impacted the very robust global market for the drug. Based on this and other country studies, the authors show that internationally-supported interventions on the supply-side can open up limited opportunities for curbing consumption.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

1 Introduction

Prior Research

Data Collection and Model Development

Major Findings

Book Outline

PART I: THE DEVELOPMENT, COMPOSITION, AND BEHAVIOR OF THE WORLD OPIATE MARKET

2. The Past as Prologue: The Development of the World Opiate Market and the Rise of the International Control Regime

Introduction

Production and Consumption, 1800-1909

Development and Impact of the International Drug Control Regime, 1909-1945

Rise and Impact of National Controls, 1906-1945

Downslide and Upswing, 1945-1970, and a Brief Coda

Concluding Remarks

3 The Contemporary Market

Current Conditions and Market Trends

Properties of Supply and Demand

Supply Control Policies

4 Did the Taliban's Ban Really Matter?

The Ban, the Cutback, and the Aftermath

The Market Response

5 Keeping Track of Opiate Flows

An Outline of the Approach

Data Compilation

Data Reconciliation

Trafficking Routes and Opiate Flows

PART II: COUNTRY STUDIES

6 Afghanistan and Burma: The Two Dominant Producers

In Search of an Explanation

Afghanistan: From Quasi-State Authorities to Protectors within the State?

Burma: A Succession of Quasi-State Authorities

7 India: Diversion from Licit Cultivation

Opiate Consumption

Illicit Sources of Opiates

Diversion from Licit Production and Its Share of the Illicit Market

Heroin Production, Trafficking, and Export

8 Colombia: The Emergence of a New Producer

Background: Cocaine, Insurgents, and Government Weakness

The Emergence of the Opiate Industry

Opium Production and Processing

The Industry Players and Their Relationships.

Control Efforts

Consumption

9 Tajikistan: The Rise of a Narco-State

The Expansion of the Illicit Opiate Industry: Explanatory Factors

The Phases of Trafficking

Tajikistan's Integration into the World Heroin Market

The Rapid Growth of Local Opiate Consumption

Drug-Trafficking Enterprises

PART III: POLICY ANALYSIS AND IMPLICATIONS

10 The Theoretical and Practical Consequences of Variations in Effective Illegality

The Consequences of Strict Enforcement

The Consequences of Lax Enforcement

The Consequences of Non-enforcement

Two Theses on the Role of Governments in Opiate Markets

11 Synthesis of Findings and Lessons for Policy Making

Findings on the World Opiate Market

Suggestions for Leveraging Limited Policy Opportunities

Possible Futures for International Drug Policy

Appendix A: Legal Production of Opium

Appendix B: Average Consumption and Purity

Appendix C: Central Asia: Trafficking Revenues and Economic Dependency

Appendix D: Examples of Countries with Lax Enforcement

Notes

References

Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Z.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (p. 327-358) and index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

0-19-971736-2

1-281-99847-8

9786611998479

OCLC:

476246273