Biorefinery of inorganics : recovering mineral nutrients from biomass and organic waste / edited by Erik Meers [et al.].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Meers, Erik, 1976- editor.

Velthof, G. L. (Gerardus Lambertus), 1964- editor.

Michels, Evi, 1980- editor.

Rietra, Rene, 1967- editor.

Series:

Wiley series in renewable resources.

Wiley series in renewable resources

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Sewage--Purification--Nutrient removal.

Sewage.

Factory and trade waste--Purification.

Factory and trade waste.

Nutrient pollution of water.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xxviii, 440 pages) : diagrams.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., [2020]

Summary:

"As part of the move towards a bio-based economy, it is important to recycle the valuable nutrients that currently end up in waste streams. Nutrient resources are depleting and significant amounts of fossil energy are required for the production of synthetic fertilizers, but waste streams including agricultural waste, wastewater/sewage and municipal waste are significant sources of nutrients. The production of biogas through anaerobic digestion also produces nutrient-rich digestates, which have the potential for use as green fertilizers in agriculture"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Contents

List of Contributors

Series Preface

Preface

Part I Global Nutrient Flows and Cycling in Food Systems

Chapter 1 Global Nutrient Flows and Cycling in Food Systems

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Primary and Secondary Driving Forces of Nutrient Cycling

1.3 Anthropogenic Influences on Nutrient Cycling

1.4 The Global Nitrogen Cycle

1.5 The Global Phosphorus Cycle

1.6 Changes in Fertilizer Use During the Last 50 Years

1.7 Changes in Harvested Crop Products and in Crop Residues During the Last 50 Years

1.8 Changes in the Amounts of N and P in Animal Products and Manures

1.9 Changes in the Trade of Food and Feed

1.10 Changes in Nutrient Balances

1.11 General Discussion

1.11 References

Part II The Role of Policy Frameworks in the Transition Toward Nutrient Recycling

Chapter 2.1 Toward a Framework that Stimulates Mineral Recovery in Europe

2.1.1 The Importance of Managing Organic Residues

2.1.2 The Rise of Nutrient and Carbon Recycling

2.1.3 The European Framework for Nutrient Recovery and Reuse (NRR)

2.1.4 EU Waste Legislation

2.1.5 Moving from Waste to Product Legislation and the Interplay with Other EU Legislation

2.1.6 Complying with Existing Environmental and Health &amp

Safety Legislation

2.1.7 Conclusion

2.1.7 References

Chapter 2.2 Livestock Nutrient Management Policy Framework in the United States

2.2.1 Introduction

2.2.2 The Legal‐Regulatory Framework for Manure Nutrient Management

2.2.3 Current Manure‐Management Practices

2.2.4 Public Investments for Improvement of Manure‐Management Practices

2.2.5 The Role of the Judicial Process and Consumer‐Driven Preferences

2.2.6 Limitations of the Current Framework

2.2.7 Conclusion

2.2.7 References.

Chapter 2.3 Biomass Nutrient Management in China: The Impact of Rapid Growth and Energy Demand

2.3.1 Introduction

2.3.2 The Impact of Economic Liberalization Policy in the 1980s and 1990s

2.3.3 Environmental Protection Efforts and Unintended Consequences

2.3.4 Renewable Energy Policy and Its Impact on Biomass Management

2.3.5 Conclusion

2.3.5 References

Chapter 2.4 Nutrient Cycling in Agriculture in China

2.4.1 Introduction

2.4.2 Nutrient Cycling in China

2.4.3 Effects on the Environment

2.4.4 Nutrient Management Policies

2.4.5 Future Perspectives

2.4.5.1 National Nutrient Management Strategy

2.4.5.2 Challenges of Technology Transfer in Manure Management

2.4.5.3 Environmental Protection

2.4.6 Conclusion

2.4.6 References

Part III State of the Art and Emerging Technologies in Nutrient Recovery from Organic Residues

Chapter 3.1 Manure as a Resource for Energy and Nutrients

3.1.1 Introduction

3.1.2 Energy Production from Animal Manure

3.1.2.1 Anaerobic Digestion

3.1.2.2 Thermochemical Conversion Process

3.1.3 Nutrient Recovery Techniques

3.1.3.1 Phosphorus Precipitation

3.1.3.2 Ammonia Stripping and Scrubbing

3.1.3.3 Membrane Filtration

3.1.3.4 Phosphorus Extraction from Ashes

3.1.4 Conclusion

3.1.4 References

Chapter 3.2 Municipal Wastewater as a Source for Phosphorus

3.2.1 Introduction

3.2.2 Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater

3.2.3 Sludge Management

3.2.4 Current State of P Recovery Technologies

3.2.4.1 Phosphorus Salts Precipitation

3.2.4.2 Phosphorus Recovery Via Wet‐Chemical Processes

3.2.4.3 Phosphorus Recovery Via Thermal Processes

3.2.4.4 Choice of Phosphorus Technologies Today

3.2.5 Future P Recovery Technologies

3.2.5.1 Phosphorus Salt Recovery Upgrades

3.2.5.2 Thermal Processes.

3.2.5.3 Natural Process for the Recovery of Phosphorus

3.2.6 Conclusion

3.2.6 References

Chapter 3.3 Ammonia Stripping and Scrubbing for Mineral Nitrogen Recovery

3.3.1 Introduction

3.3.2 Ammonia Stripping and Scrubbing from Biobased Resources

3.3.2.1 Acid Scrubbing of Exhaust Air

3.3.2.2 Stripping and Scrubbing from Manure

3.3.2.3 Stripping and Scrubbing from Anaerobic Digestate

3.3.2.4 Manure and Digestate Processing by Evaporation

3.3.3 Alternative Scrubbing Agents

3.3.3.1 Organic Acids

3.3.3.2 Nitric Acid

3.3.3.3 Gypsum

3.3.4 Industrial Cases of Stripping and Scrubbing

3.3.4.1 Waste Air Cleaning Via Acid Scrubbing

3.3.4.2 Raw Digestate Processing Via Stripping and Scrubbing and Recirculation of the N‐Depleted Digestate

3.3.4.3 Liquid Fraction Digestate Processing Via Stripping and Scrubbing

3.3.4.4 Liquid Fraction of Digestate Processing Via Membrane Separation and Stripping and Scrubbing

3.3.5 Product Quality of Ammonium Sulfate and Ammonium Nitrate

3.3.5.1 Ammonium Sulfate

3.3.5.2 Ammonium Nitrate

3.3.6 Conclusion

3.3.6 References

Part IV Inspiring Cases in Nutrient Recovery Processes

Chapter 4.1 Struvite Recovery from Domestic Wastewater

4.1.1 Introduction

4.1.2 Process Description

4.1.3 Analyses and Tests

4.1.3.1 Mass Balance

4.1.3.2 Struvite Purity

4.1.4 Operational Benefits

4.1.4.1 Enhanced Dewaterability

4.1.4.2 Enhanced Recovery Potential

4.1.4.3 Reduced Scaling

4.1.4.4 Reduced Phosphorus Content in the Sludge Pellets

4.1.4.5 Reduced P and N Load in the Rejection Water

4.1.5 Economic Evaluation

4.1.6 Future Challenges

4.1.6.1 In‐Depth Quality Screening

4.1.6.2 Improved Crystal Separation

4.1.7 Conclusion

4.1.7 References

Chapter 4.2 Mineral Concentrates from Membrane Filtration

4.2.1 Introduction.

4.2.2 Production of Mineral Concentrates

4.2.2.1 General Set‐up

4.2.2.2 Solid/Liquid Separation

4.2.2.3 Pre‐treatment of the Liquid Fraction (Effluent from Mechanical Separation)

4.2.2.4 Reverse Osmosis

4.2.3 Mass Balance

4.2.4 Composition of Raw Slurry, Solid Fraction, and RO‐Concentrate

4.2.4.1 Raw Slurry

4.2.4.2 Solid Fraction

4.2.4.3 RO‐Concentrate

4.2.5 Quality Requirements

4.2.6 Conclusion

4.2.6 References

Chapter 4.3 Pyrolysis of Agro‐Digestate: Nutrient Distribution

4.3.1 Introduction

4.3.1.1 Background

4.3.1.2 The Pyrolysis Process

4.3.1.3 Pyrolysis of Agro‐Digestate

4.3.2 Investigation

4.3.2.1 Materials and Methods

4.3.2.2 Product Analysis and Evaluation

4.3.3 Results and Discussion

4.3.3.1 Fast Pyrolysis: Influence of Temperature

4.3.3.2 Influence of Heating Rate

4.3.4 Conclusion

4.3.4 Acknowledgment

4.3.4 References

Chapter 4.4 Agronomic Effectivity of Hydrated Poultry Litter Ash

4.4.1 Introduction

4.4.2 Energy Production Process

4.4.3 Composition of HPLA

4.4.4 Agronomic Effectivity of HPLA

4.4.5 Phosphorus

4.4.6 Potassium

4.4.7 Rye Grass

4.4.8 Acid‐Neutralizing Value

4.4.9 Efficacy

4.4.10 Conclusion

4.4.10 References

Chapter 4.5 Bioregenerative Nutrient Recovery from Human Urine: Closing the Loop in Turning Waste into Wealth

4.5.1 Introduction

4.5.2 Composition and Fertilizer Potential

4.5.3 State of the Art of Regenerative Practices

4.5.3.1 HU in Agriculture

4.5.3.2 HU in Aquaculture

4.5.4 Cautions, Concerns, and Constraints

4.5.5 Conclusion

4.5.5 References

Chapter 4.6 Pilot‐Scale Investigations on Phosphorus Recovery from Municipal Wastewater

4.6.1 Introduction

4.6.2 European and National Incentives to Act on Market Drivers

4.6.3 Pilot Investigations.

4.6.3.1 Acid Leaching Solutions to Recover Phosphorus from Sewage Sludge Ashes

4.6.3.2 Pilot Demonstration of Thermal Solutions to Recover Phosphorus from Sewage Sludge: The EuPhoRe® Process

4.6.3.3 Demonstration of struvite solution with biological acidification to increase the P recovery from sewage sludge

4.6.3.4 Innovative Technical Solutions to Recover P from Small‐Scale WWTPs: Downscaling Struvite Precipitation for Rural Areas

4.6.3.5 Algal‐Based Solutions to Recover Phosphorus from Small‐Scale WWTPs: A Promising Approach for Remote, Rural, and Island Areas

4.6.3 References

Part V Agricultural and Environmental Performance of Biobased Fertilizer Substitutes: Overview of Field Assessments

Chapter 5.1 Fertilizer Replacement Value: Linking Organic Residues to Mineral Fertilizers

5.1.1 Introduction

5.1.2 Nutrient Pathways from Land Application to Crop Uptake

5.1.2.1 Nitrogen

5.1.2.2 Phosphorus

5.1.3 Fertilizer Replacement Value

5.1.3.1 Crop Response

5.1.3.2 Response Period

5.1.4 Reference Mineral Fertilizer

5.1.4.1 Crop and Soil Type

5.1.4.2 Application Time and Method

5.1.4.3 Assessment Method

5.1.5 Fertilizer Replacement Values in Fertilizer Plans

5.1.6 Conclusion

5.1.6 References

Chapter 5.2 Anaerobic Digestion and Renewable Fertilizers: Case Studies in Northern Italy

5.2.1 Introduction

5.2.2 Anaerobic Digestion as a Tool to Correctly Manage Animal Slurries

5.2.3 Chemical and Physical Modification of Organic Matter and Nutrients during Anaerobic Digestion

5.2.4 From Digestate to Renewable Fertilizers

5.2.4.1 N‐Fertilizer from the LF of Digestate

5.2.4.2 Organic Fertilizer from the SF of Digestate

5.2.5 Environmental Safety and Health Protection Using Digestate

5.2.6 Conclusion

5.2.6 References.

Chapter 5.3 Nutrients and Plant Hormones in Anaerobic Digestates: Characterization and Land Application.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781118921470

111892147X

9781118921463

1118921461

9781118921487

1118921488

OCLC:

1149299924