Electronics and microprocessing for research : you can make it / by David Dubins.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Dubins, David, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Computer engineering.

Genre:

Libros electrónicos.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (491 pages)

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England : Cambridge Scholars Publisher, [2019]

Summary:

This is an introductory course textbook in electronics, programming, and microprocessing. It explains how to connect and control various electronic components, how to wire and read common types of sensors, and how to amplify, filter, and smooth sensor readings. This will allow the learner to start designing and building their own equipment for research projects. The course starts at a beginner level, assuming no prior knowledge in these areas. Programming and microprocessing are taught using the Arduino IDE. This book can serve as a stand-alone crash course for a self-motivated learner. It can also be directly adopted as a course textbook for an elective in a college, university, or high school context. Sections include various fun lab activities that increase in difficulty, and enough theory and practical advice to help complement the activities with understanding. Resources are provided to the instructor to organize the lectures, activities, and individual student design projects. These tools will help any reader turn their electronic project ideas into functional prototypes.

Contents:

Intro

Table of Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Acknowledgements

Preface

Section 0

Introduction

Why Microprocessing?

Course Objectives

Section 1

What is Electricity?

Charge

Voltage

Power

The Generalized Power Law

Resistance

Ohm's Law

Resistors

Measuring Voltage, Resistance, and Current

Using a Multimeter to Analyze Your Complicated Circuit

Measuring Overall Circuit Power Consumption and Overall Circuit Resistance

Electrical Ground

DC Ground

AC Ground

Different Ground Symbols

Types of Returns

Voltage Sources: Series vs. Parallel

Batteries in Series

Batteries in Parallel

Circuit Configurations

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)

The Voltage Divider Equation

Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)

The Current Divider Equation

Calculating Current-Limiting Resistor Values for LEDs

Anode vs. Cathode: Devices with Polarity

Introduction to Switches

Breadboarding

Circuit Diagram Etiquette Example: Light Theremin

Activity 1-1: 9V Battery + LED + 10K Resistor

Activity 1-2: 9V Battery + 10K Resistor + 100K Resistor

Demo: Light Theremin

Learning Objectives for Section 1

Section 1 - Station Content List

Section 2

Capacitors

Capacitor Circuit Diagram Symbols

Capacitor Ratings

Capacitors in Series and Parallel

Capacitors: Typical Uses

Capacitor Equations

Charging a Capacitor through a Resistor

Discharging a Capacitor Through a Resistor

Voltage Divider Design: 10% Rule

Other Options for Delivering Lower Voltage

Datasheet Example: LM317 (Variable Linear Voltage Regulator)

How Hot Will My Chip Get? Heat Dissipation Calculations

Thévenin's Theorem

Thévenin's Theorem by Measurement (Using a Multimeter)

Mesh Current Method

Thévenin's Theorem Method (Theoretical)

Integrated Circuits (ICs).

PDIP/DIP

Surface Mount Technology

Logic Circuits

AND Gate: (e.g. 74HC08)

OR Gate: (e.g. 74HC32)

NOT Gate: (e.g. 74HC04)

Combining Logic Circuits

Activity 2-1: Capacitor Charging and Discharging

Activity 2-2: LM317 Voltage Regulator

Activity 2-3: Logic Gates

Learning Objectives for Section 2

Section 2 - Station Content List

Section 3

Introduction to the Arduino Uno Microcontroller Board

Connecting a Serial LCD Module to the Arduino Uno

Your First Sketch

Basic Programming Concepts

Commenting Your Code

Storing and Accessing Data in Variables

Declaring and Using Variables

Integers

Long Integers

Global Space, Setup Function, and Loop Function

Float Variables

If...Then...Else Statements (and Logical Expressions)

Bool Variables

Boolean Operators

Byte Variables

String and Char Variables

Casting Variable Types

Arrays of Variables

Char Array

Data Types: More Complicated Conversions

Defining Programming Loops in Arduino

For Loops

C++ Shorthand Increment Expressions

Do...While Loops

While Loops

For, Do...While, or While?

Ommitting Curly Brackets

The Break Command

Switch Case

General Programming Tips

Activity 3-1: Programming Challenge

Learning Objectives for Section 3

Section 3 - Station Content List

Section 4

Byte Variables and Digital Pins

What is a Digital Pin?

Digital OUTPUT Mode Example

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Example

Digital Input Mode Example

Analog Pins

Using Analog Pins as Digital Output Pins

Analog Read Example

External Analog Reference: AREF Pin

Arduino Pin Conflicts

Arduino Digital and Analog Pins: Summary Tables

The Serial Monitor

The Serial Plotter

Subroutines and Functions

Properties of Functions

Void Functions

Call-by-Value vs. Call-by-Reference.

Float Functions

Integer (and other) Functions

Function DOs and DON'Ts

#define and #ifdef Statements

General Programming Etiquette

Activity 4-1: NTC Thermistor Circuit

Calibrating a Thermistor

Two-Term Exponential Thermistor Equation

Learning Objectives for Section 4

Section 4 - Station Content List

Section 5

Voltage and Current Limitations of the Arduino Uno

Relays

High Side Switching vs. Low Side Switching

Powering a Relay with a Separate Supply

Vin Pin: Arduino Uno

Diodes (P-N Junction, or Rectifier Diodes)

Transistors

Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs)

NPN Transistors: Selecting a Base Resistor Value

NPN Transistors in the Active Region

Darlington Pairs

Current Gated vs. Voltage Gated

MOSFETs

TRIACs

BT139-600E (TRIAC)

Protecting your Circuit from DC Motors

Protection Diode

Reducing DC Motor Noise with Capacitors

Activity 5-1: Hot Plate Thermostat

Activity 5-2: Transistor as a Switch for a DC Motor

Parsing Serial Data

Activity 5-3: MOSFET as a Switch for a DC Motor

Learning Objectives for Section 5

Section 5 - Station Content List

Section 6

When "Close Enough" Isn't Close Enough

How a DC Motor Works

Using an H-Bridge to Control Motor Speed and Direction

L298N H-Bridge Motor Driver Module

Stepper Motors

28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor with ULN2003 Motor Driver

Nema-17 Stepper Motor with A4988 Motor Driver

Servo Motors

System Control Strategies

Open-Loop Control

Feed Forward Control

Feedback Control

On-Off Controller

Proportional (P) Controller

Proportional-Integral (PI) Controller

Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Controller

Combining Feedback Strategies

Activity 6-1: L298N Motor Driver Controlling a DC Motor

Activity 6-2(a): 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor

Activity 6-2(b): Nema-17 Stepper Motor.

Activity 6-3: SG90 Servo Control

Activity 6-4: PID Control of a 12V CPU Fan

Learning Objectives for Section 6

Section 7

Open Loop Configuration (Comparator)

Closed Loop Configuration

Buffer

Op-Amp Characteristics

Output Short-Circuit Current

Gain in dB (decibels)

Headroom

Slew Rate

Unity Gain Bandwidth

Inverting Amplifier

Biasing the Output of an Inverting Amplifier

Non-Inverting Amplifier

Biasing the Output of a Non-Inverting Amplifier

Differential Amplifier

Summing Amplifier (Inverting)

Summing Amplifier (Non-Inverting)

Summing Amplifier (Non-Inverting) Equations Solved

Negative Voltage?

Solution 1: Using a Virtual Ground

Solution 2: Negative Voltage Generator

Solution 3: Negative Supply Line from an ATX Power Supply

Op-Amps Can Do Calculus

Signal Attenuation

Activity 7-1: Load Cell Scale

Activity 7-2: pH Meter

Learning Objectives for Section 7

Section 7 - Station Content List, Activity 7-1

Section 7 - Station Content List, Activity 7-2

Section 8

Data Filtering

Low-Pass Filters (LPFs)

High-Pass Filters (HPFs)

Inverting AC Amplifier

Blocking the DC in your Signal: Charge Coupling

Higher Order Filters

Band-Pass Filters

Second Order Low-Pass and High-Pass Filters

Operational Amplifiers: Practical Considerations

Impedance Considerations: Op-Amp Inputs

Impedance Considerations: Op-Amp Output

Measuring Output Impedance

Measuring Input Impedance

Practical Strategies to Reduce Signal Noise

Measuring Noise

Data Smoothing

Mean Filter

Median Filter

Mode Filter

Mean Filter with Threshold Rejection

Data Logging

Arduino TimeLib.h Library

Using millis() Instead of delay()

Logging through the Serial Port

Logging to an External microSD Card

Logic Shifters.

Activity 8-1: Noise Reduction

Activity 8-2: Data Smoothing

Activity 8-3: Data Logging to an SD Card

Learning Objectives for Section 8

Section 8 - Station Content List

Section 9

Design Project Selection

Design Project Assessment

What if my design project doesn't work?

Code Snippets and Examples

Serial Monitor Menu

Using EEPROM: Memory that Doesn't Forget!

Generating Beeps to Alert your User: Arduino Tone Library

Programming One Button with Multiple Functions

Measuring Light Intensity

Photoresistors

Photodiodes

Phototransistors

Integrated Packages

Measuring Time Duration with Interrupts

Op-Amp Comparator with Bias Voltage

Matrix Keypads and LED Matrix Displays

Charlieplexing LEDs

Need More Digital Pins?

Shift-Out Registers

Shift-In Registers

Bareduino - Running the ATmega328 Alone

Learning Objectives for Section 9

Section 10

Controlling MCU Registers, Interrupts and Timers

Bitwise Operations

Bitwise AND (&amp

)

Bitwise OR (|)

Bitwise NOT (~)

Bitwise XOR (^)

Shifting Bits with "&lt

&lt

" and "&gt

&gt

"

Bitwise Operators: Short Forms

Introduction to Port Manipulation

Worked Example: Fast Analog Read

Fast Digital Read and Write

Interrupts

Internal (Pin Change) Interrupts

Never Miss a Button Push Again

Rules for Writing an Interrupt Service Routine

Customized Frequencies for PWM

Timer 0

Timer 1

Timer 2

Timing your Interrupt Service Routines with CTC Mode

Sleep Mode

Wake on Pin Change

Wake on Timeout of Watchdog Timer

Resetting the MCU

Reset with a Watchdog Timer

Hard Wiring a Digital Pin to the RESET Pin

Advanced Formating and Variable Type Conversions

Secrets of Serial.print()

Additional String Conversion Commands

Comparing Strings.

Arrays of Strings and Arrays of Char Arrays.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

1-5275-4353-6

OCLC:

1183030838