Science and hypothesis : the complete text / Henri Poincaré ; edited by Mélanie Frappier & David J. Stump ; translated by Mélanie Frappier, Andrea Smith & David J. Stump.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Poincaré, Henri, 1854-1912, author.

Contributor:

Frappier, Mélanie, editor.

Smith, Andrea, editor.

Stump, David J., editor.

Series:

Key works in the History and Philosophy of Logic, Mathematics and Science

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Mathematics--Philosophy.

Mathematics.

Science--Philosophy.

Science.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (209 pages).

Place of Publication:

London : Bloomsbury Academic, 2018.

Summary:

"Science and Hypothesis is a classic text in history and philosophy of science. Widely popular since its original publication in 1902, this first new translation of the work in over a century features unpublished material missing from earlier editions. Addressing errors introduced by Greenstreet and Halsted in their early 20th-century translations, it incorporates all the changes, corrections and additions Poincaré made over the years. Taking care to update the writing for a modern audience, Poincarés ideas and arguments on the role of hypotheses in mathematics and in science become clearer and closer to his original meaning, while David J. Stump's introduction gives fresh insights into Poincaré's philosophy of science. By approaching Science and Hypothesis from a contemporary perspective, it presents a better understanding of Poincare's hierarchy of the sciences, with arithmetic as the foundation, geometry as the science of space, then mechanics and the rest of physics. For philosophers of science and scientists working on problems of space, time and relativity, this is a much needed translation of a ground-breaking work which demonstrates why Poincaré is still relevant today. Poincaré saw the recognition of the role of hypotheses in science as an important alternative to both rationalism and empiricism. In Science and Hypothesis, his aim is to show that both in mathematics and in the physical sciences, scientists rely on hypotheses that are neither necessary first principles, as the rationalists claim, nor learned from experience, as the empiricist claim. These hypotheses fall into distinct classes, but he is most famous for his thesis of the conventionality of metric geometry. Poincaré discusses the sciences in a sequence, starting with arithmetic. Mathematical induction is essential in arithmetic, because only by using it can we make assertions about all numbers. Poincaré considers mathematical induction to be a genuine synthetic a priori judgment. He next considers magnitude, which requires arithmetic, but goes further. Likewise, geometry extends our knowledge still further, but requires the theory of magnitude to make measurements, and arithmetic to combine numbers. Poincaré then considers classical mechanics, which again extends our knowledge while relying on the mathematics that came before it. Finally, he considers theories of physics, where we have genuine empirical results, but based on the mathematics, hypotheses and conventions that came before. Thus the sciences are laid out like expanding concentric circles, with new content being added to the base at each level."--Bloomsbury Publishing.

Contents:

1. Introduction by David J. Stump

Origin of the parts of the book

Author's Preface

Part I: Number and Magnitude. 2. On the Nature of Mathematical Reasoning ; 3. Mathematical Magnitude and Experiment

Part II: Space. 4. Non-Euclidean Geometries ; 5. Space and Geometry ; 6. Experiment and Geometry

Part III: Force. 7. Classical Mechanics ; 8. Relative and Absolute Motion ; 9. Energy and Thermo-Dynamics

Part IV: Nature. 10. Hypotheses in Physics ; 11. The Theories of Modern Physics ; 12. The Calculus of Probabilities ; 13. Optics and Electricity ; 14. XIII Electro-Dynamics ; 15. The End of Matter

Index.

Notes:

Includes index.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9781350026780

1350026786

9781350026759

1350026751

OCLC:

1003192522